General Awareness

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - January 2019

Jan 2019

Sep 17, 2021

Astronauts Return to Earth after China's Longest Space Mission

Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth after completing the country's longest crewed space mission.
They spent 90 days at the Tianhe module on China's space station, some 380 km (240 miles) above Earth.
The three men had boarded the Shenzhou-12 crewed spacecraft and undocked from the space station.
The successful mission is another demonstration of China's growing confidence and capability in the space domain.
Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Honbo touched down in the Gobi Desert in Inner Mongolia.
They had left for space on 17 June, and had lifted off from the same desert.

Early Mars Experienced Volcanic Supereruptions

Using high-resolution images from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, planetary scientists have discovered 4-billion-year-old layered deposits containing minerals consistent with altered volcanic ash throughout a region of northern Mars called Arabia Terra. They estimate that the volcanic ash observed in this region is the result of between 1,000 and 2,000 individual explosive eruptions over 500 million years.
Several large and deep craters in western Arabia Terra, Mars are thought to be explosive calderas, a type of volcano capable of producing supereruptions,
If these craters are calderas, vast layers of volcanic ash should be common in Arabia Terra.
While layered deposits have been observed previously in Arabia, until now, no deposits have been associated with the suggested calderas.

Infosys Launches Digital Commerce Platform Equinox

Infosys, a global leader in next-generation digital services and consulting, launched Equinox platform to help enterprises securely deliver hyper-segmented, personalised omnichannel commerce experiences for B2B and B2C buyers. The platform's future-ready architecture offers unprecedented flexibility for enterprises to pick and choose out-of-the-box micro services and pre-built experiences to build curated digital journeys that enhance their digital commerce or launch it grounds-up in a matter of weeks.
The Equinox platform helps businesses transform their digital commerce across marketing, merchandising, e-commerce, store operations, supply chain and customer service through its four offerings: Infosys Equinox Microservices, Infosys Equinox Commerce, Infosys Equinox Experiences, and Infosys Equinox Marketing. Infosys Equinox also brings together best-of-breed service, product, platform and industry capabilities from Infosys, and its partners, in an integrated ecosystem.

Sep 16, 2021

OneWeb Launches 34 Satellites into Orbit

British-based firm OneWeb launched 34 satellites into orbit from a cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, expanding its in-orbit constellation to 322 satellites.
The satellites lifted off from Kazakhstan's Baikonur cosmodrome.
OneWeb plans to launch a total of 648 low earth orbit satellites to roll out a high-speed global internet connection including to the most remote corners of the world.

SpaceX Makes History, Sends First All-civilian Crew into Earth Orbit

SpaceX's first private flight blasted off with two contest winners, a health care worker and their rich sponsor, the most ambitious leap yet in space tourism.
It was the first time a rocket streaked toward orbit with an all-amateur crew, no professional astronauts. The Dragon capsule's two men and two women are looking to spend three days circling the world from an unusually high orbit, 100 miles (160 kilometers) higher than the International Space Station, before splashing down off the Florida coast this weekend.

Sep 15, 2021

ISRO's New Series of Heavy-lift Rockets

To attain total self-reliance in the launch of heavy satellites (weighing above 4 tons) and to meet future demands, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is working on a fleet of five new rockets. According to a senior official, the five Heavy-lift Launch Vehicles (HLV) are in their project report stage and in terms of design and appearance, these new fleet of rockets would be quite similar to the existing SSLV, PSLV and GSLV and GSLV Mk3 rockets, but they would be powered by even more capable, powerful and technologically advanced engines.
Presently, India pays and utilizes the services of Ariane-5, a foreign rocket, to launch satellites that weigh over 4 tons.

Sep 13, 2021

Hughes, OneWeb Ink Pact for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Service

Hughes Network Systems and OneWeb have announced agreements for Low Earth Orbit satellite service in the US and India.
Hughes Network Systems focuses on satellite and multi-transport technologies and networks, and OneWeb is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications company backed by Bharti.
In India, the parties have entered into an MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) for a strategic agreement to distribute services to large enterprises, small and medium businesses, government, telcos and ISPs (Internet Service Providers) in the rural and remote parts of the country," said OneWeb.
Services will be offered by Hughes Network Systems, LLC, and Hughes Communications India, respectively.
Hughes and OneWeb would work together to broaden distribution globally, with Hughes offering OneWeb's low-latency, high-speed connectivity for markets such as enterprise, government, commercial aviation and maritime, cellular backhaul, and community Wi-Fi hotspots.

Sep 08, 2021

Hubble Finds Slowly Cooling White Dwarfs

Using high-resolution observational of two very similar globular clusters, Messier 3 and Messier 13, astronomers have found an unexpected overabundance of bright white dwarfs in Messier 13. Theoretical models suggest that this overabundance is due to a slowing down of the cooling process in around 70% of the white dwarfs in Messier 13, caused by stable thermonuclear burning in their residual hydrogen-rich atmosphere.
White dwarfs are core remnants of low-mass stars that have concluded their thermonuclear activity.
All stars with masses below 8 solar masses, with a possible extension up to 11 solar masses, are expected to end their evolution as white dwarfs.

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