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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

27 Oct 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

For First Time in New Zealand's History, Women Lawmakers Outnumber Men in Parliament

  • For the first time in New Zealand's history, a majority of lawmakers are women. Soraya Peke-Mason from the liberal Labour Party was sworn into Parliament, replacing former Speaker Trevor Mallard, who left to become ambassador to Ireland. With the resignation of another male lawmaker, it has tipped the balance in Parliament to 60 women and 59 men.
  • The milestone places New Zealand among a half-dozen nations in the world that this year can claim at least 50% female representation in their parliaments, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Other nations include Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Rwanda and the United Arab Emirates. Globally, about 26% of lawmakers are women, according to the union.
  • New Zealand has a history of strong female representation. In 1893, it became the first nation to allow women to vote. Current Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is the nation's third female leader, and women currently also hold a number of other top roles including chief justice of New Zealand's Supreme Court and governor-general.

Russia, Belarus Ambassadors Barred from Nobel Prize Ceremony

  • The ambassadors of Russia and Belarus were excluded from this year's Nobel Prize ceremony because of the war in Ukraine.
  • The Nobel Foundation, a private foundation which administers the prestigious awards, normally invites ambassadors stationed in Sweden to the annual award ceremony on December 10.

Shefali Juneja Elected as Chairperson of Air Transport Committee of ICAO

  • Shefali Juneja was named the chairperson of the Air Transport Committee (ATC) of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, becoming the first Indian in 28 years to do so.
  • India will be chairing the important committee after 28 years and has had the opportunity of chairing the ATC only twice so far.
  • This committee handles a big component of ICAO work relating to air transport as nine technical panels report to it. It is therefore a tremendous opportunity to steer issues in the policy arena and deal with new emerging challenges to carve out a better future for international air transport.
  • In September last year, Juneja was elected as the chairperson of the ICAO'S Aviation Security Committee (ASC) and made an Indian taking charge of the position after a gap of 12 years. Juneja has been serving as India's representative in the council of the ICAO since 2019.
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ENVIRONMENT

UN Weather Agency: Greenhouse Gases Reach New Record in 2021

  • The three main greenhouse gases hit record high levels in the atmosphere last year, the UN weather agency said, calling it an "ominous" sign as war in Ukraine, rising costs of food and fuel, and other worries have elbowed in on long-time concerns about global warming in recent months.
  • Of the three main types of heat-trapping greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide — the biggest jump from 2020 to 2021 was in methane, whose concentrations in the air came in with the biggest year-on-year increase since regular measurements began four decades ago.
  • According to WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas, the continuing rise in concentrations of the main heat-trapping gases, including the record acceleration in methane levels, shows that we are heading in the wrong direction.

PM Modi Congratulates Lakshadweep as Two of its Beaches Get Blue Tag

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated residents of Lakshadweep with two of its beaches, Minicoy Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach, making it to the list of Blue Beaches - a label given to cleanest eco-friendly destinations.
  • Last year, Eden Beach in Puducherry and Kovalam Beach in Tamil Nadu had received the coveted title. The certificate is given by the Foundation for Environment Education in Denmark (FEE) to tourists spots for their high environmental and quality standards.

What are "Viral Spillover Risks"?

  • A new research found that climate change could increase the risk of "viral spillover" in several parts of the world. This could cause pandemics in the future.
  • A new research article titled "Viral spillover risk increases with climate change in High Arctic lake sediments" was released.
  • Viral spillover occurs when viruses overcome several barriers to infect new host from reservoir host (in which it usually resides).
  • The researchers from the University of Ottawa sought to study the possibility of a viral spillover by collecting sediments and soil samples from Lake Hazen in Canada – the world's largest High Arctic lake by volume.
  • High Arctic was chosen for this study since it is warming faster than the rest of the world.
  • The researchers sequenced the RNA and DNA to reconstruct the lake area's virus composition and estimated the viral spillover risks.
  • The study found that the chances of viruses successfully infecting new host increases with the runoff from glacier melt.
  • Viral spillover depends on three main categories – pathogen pressure, human and vector behaviours and attributes of the host.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Tata Steel's Dutch Arm Signs MOU to Supply Ford with Green Steel

  • Tata Steel's Dutch arm plans to supply Ford plants in Europe with green steel after 2030, under a preliminary agreement reached by the two companies.
  • Tata plans to start producing green steel - or steel made without using fossil fuels - in 2030 at its plant in Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
  • The Memorandum of Understanding signed between Tata and Ford of Europe does not oblige Ford to buy a specified amount of steel at a specified price.
  • Separately, Ford also signed supply MOUs with Tata, ThyssenKrupp and Salzgitter to supply "low carbon" steel for use in manufacturing the new electric crossover model it plans to start producing in Cologne next year.

IRDAI Forms 24-member Panel to Develop Insurance Cover for Rural Population

  • The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) set up a 24-member committee to develop and suggest an affordable and comprehensive cover for the rural population.
  • While the proposed cover would be a benefit based / parametric structure, called Bima Vistaar, IRDAI also asked the panel, headed by Thomas M. Devasia, Member (non-life) IRDAI, to recommend a regulatory framework for the cover.
  • The insurance regulator also asked the committee to develop and suggest constitution and operation of a preferably, women centric distribution channel to focus on reaching untapped/ rural areas – Bima Vahak – and recommend the regulatory framework.
  • The committee would explore and recommend on how to bring about synergies in the working and operations of Bima Vahak, Bima Vistaar and the digital platform – Bima Sugam.

Hero MotoCorp Partners with Terrafirma Motors to Enter Philippines

  • Two-wheeler maker Hero MotoCorp announced its plans to enter the Philippines for which it has partnered with Terrafirma Motors Corporation for assembly and distribution of its vehicles.
  • A part of the Columbian Group of Companies, Terrafirma Motors Corporation (TMC) would be the exclusive assembler and distributor of Hero MotoCorp motorcycles in the Philippines.
  • Currently, Hero MotoCorp has presence in 43 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South and Central America. It has eight manufacturing facilities, including six in India, and one each in Colombia and Bangladesh.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Govt. Unveils New Policy Reforms for Satellite Communication Services

  • The government unveiled new policy reforms for satellite communications services to ease procedures and streamline clearances to expedite the rollout of Satcom across the country, especially in remote areas.
  • Telecom Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw exhorted the industry to increase tower deployments for a speedy 5G rollout.
  • The current pace of tower deployment needs to increase from 2,500 towers a week to 10,000 towers per week, he said.
  • The government has done its bit in ushering in reforms, and it is now up to the industry to show its commitment.

NASA Kicks Off Study to Unravel Unidentified Aerial Phenomena or UFOs

  • NASA kicked off a study to help scientists learn more about unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) or UFOs (unidentified flying objects).
  • Over the course of nine months, the independent study team with 16 members would lay the groundwork for future study on the nature of UAPs for NASA and other organisations.
  • The team includes leading scientists, data and AI practitioners, aerospace safety experts, and other experts in their respective fields.
  • The study will focus solely on unclassified data. A full report containing the team's findings will be released to the public in mid-2023.
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SPORTS

Western Air Command Wins Air Force Lawn Tennis Championship

  • Western Air Command, Indian Air Force (IAF) won the Air Force Lawn Tennis Championship 2022-23 held at Head Quarter MC, Vayu Sena Nagar, Nagpur. The final match of the team Championship was played between Western Air Command and Training Command in which Western Air Command emerged as the winner. The final of the open singles was played between Corporal Pradeep of Training Command and Sergeant Manolin of Western Air Command and Corporal Pradeep emerged as the winner.
  • The Championship was inaugurated by Air Marshal Vibhas Pande, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, HQ MC on 17 October 2022. A total of eight teams comprising of 48 players from the seven Commands of Indian Air Force, participated in the Championship.
  • The Championship was held in two events namely, Team Championship and Open Singles. The matches not only showcased the talents and great potential of the players but generated a lot of enthusiasm amongst the air warriors to pick up Lawn Tennis as a sport.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Odisha CM Launches 'SAFAL' Common Credit Portal for Farmers

  • Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik launched a common credit portal SAFAL' (Simplified Application for Agricultural Loans) for the welfare of farmers.
  • As per the Chief Minister, the facility would enable farmers and agri-entrepreneurs to access more than 300 term loan products of over 40 banks.
  • It has also been integrated with Krushak Odisha and would have access to 70-plus model project reports.
  • The application can revolutionise credit provisions for farmers and agri-entrepreneurs.
  • The application is a one-stop solution for farmers and agri-entrepreneurs to avail formal sector credit from public and private sector banks, Regional Rural Banks, State Cooperative Banks, and Small Finance Banks.
  • The portal will ease the loan application process benefiting both the farmers and banks significantly.

MoS Muraleedharan Underscores Policy to Deepen Engagement with Africa

  • Minister of State for External Affairs, V. Muraleedharan underscored India's policy to intensify and deepen its engagement with Africa at the Dakar Forum held in Senegal.
  • Muraleedharan had paid an official visit to Senegal and participated in the 8th edition of the Dakar International Forum on Peace and Security in Africa.
  • The Dakar Forum was attended by Presidents of Senegal, Angola and Cabo Verde, along with over 15 Ministers and high-level dignitaries from 29 countries.
  • The Forum has become a key event for policy discussions on Africa. This is the first time that India participated at a Ministerial level.
View Month Wise

DEFENCE

NISA Bags Union HM's Trophy for Best Police Training Institution

  • National Industrial Security Academy (NISA), at Hakimpet, Hyderabad bagged the Union Home Minister's Trophy for the "Best Police Training Institution for Training of Gazetted Officers for the year 2020-21". This extraordinary feat for this Academy was achieved during the serving period of the current Commissioner of Police (CP) Hyderabad, C.V. Anand, who was the previous Director of the Academy during the year under contention.
  • Ministry of Home Affairs conducts a national-level screening of various central police training institutes and accordingly BPR&D conducts a survey for the best Police Training Institution for the year. All central and state government police training academies of the country are in consideration in various categories.
View Month Wise

DAYS AND EVENTS

World Day for Audiovisual Heritage

  • World Day for Audiovisual Heritage (WDAH) is celebrated on October 27 every year to highlight and promote the importance of such preservation. Audiovisual heritage refers to documents like film, sounds, radio, television programmes and other audio and video that are of socio-cultural importance and need preservation for posterity. Such documentations help us observe and understand the past, protects our memories and culture.
  • On October 27, 1980, the Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images was adopted in the 21st General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) at Belgrade, Serbia.
  • This adoption occurred as a result of the efforts of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) since the late 1970s. The 33rd session of UNESCO's General Conference in 2005 proclaimed October 27 as World Day for Audiovisual Heritage to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the 1980 recommendation mentioned above.
  • "Enlisting documentary heritage to promote inclusive, just and peaceful societies" was the theme for World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2022. It refers to the importance of archiving visual and sonic information to preserve history for society's benefit and progress.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

RRR Wins Best International Film Award at 50th Saturn Awards

  • S.S. Rajamouli directorial RRR won the Best International Film award at the 50th Saturn Awards held in Los Angeles. It was nominated in multiple categories, including Best International Film, Best Action Adventure and Best Director.
  • Saturn Awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, awarding films in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and other genres belonging to genre fiction in films, TV, as well as streaming. RRR beat titles like Downton Abbey: A New Era, Eiffel, I'm Your Man, Riders of Justice, and Silent Night to take home the award for the best international film at the 2022 awards.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Upper Bhadra Scheme to be State's First National Project: Karnataka CM

  • Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai announced that the Upper Bhadra Scheme will become the state's first national project.
  • He said that this scheme got the approval of the PIB and the Union Jal Shakti Minister has been requested to get it passed in the Union Cabinet.
  • Once the approval comes through, the grants will come to start the work. All efforts are being done in this regard as the Upper Bhadra is set to become the state's national project. Rail connectivity to Chitradurga via Tumkur, Davangere would be started.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

IIT Bombay, Delhi, JNU most Sustainable Institutes in India: QS World University Rankings (Sustainability)

  • IIT-Bombay is the best educational institutions in India in the inaugural QS World University Rankings: Sustainability released in October 2022. A total of 15 Indian universities ranked in the list with the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT-B) featuring in the 281-300 rank range, followed by IIT-Delhi (321-340 rank) and Jawaharlal Nehru University at the third rank (361-380).
  • QS World University Rankings: Sustainability ranking is a new framework to evaluate how universities are taking action to tackle the world's most pressing environmental and social issues.
  • This year, experts evaluated over 1300 higher education institutions meeting specific eligibility requirements, out of which 700 institutions appeared on the final ranking list.
  • Globally, the University of California, Berkeley (from the US) took the lead in the sustainability as it has achieved top scores in both the Environmental Impact and Social Impact categories, each contributing 50 per cent of the overall score. It was followed by two Canadian institutions, the University of Toronto (second) and the University of British Columbia (third).
  • Other universities which appeared in the top 10 were the University of Edinburgh, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)  and University of Sydney  at fifth rank, University of Tokyo , University of Pennsylvania, Yale University and the University of Auckland.
  • The US dominated the rankings with 135 ranked universities (19.2 per cent of the total), while the United Kingdom was the second-most represented country, with 67 universities ranked (9.5 per cent). Germany was the third-best for overall representation, with 39 universities, followed by China with 37 and Australia with 33.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Rajasthan High Court Disposes of PIL Alleging Usurping of Land Belonging to Gram Panchayat Manaklao

  • The Rajasthan High Court has dismissed a PIL assailing the action of the respondent authorities in usurping the land of Gram Panchayat Manaklao for the purpose of construction of National Highway without awarding appropriate compensation to the Gram Panchayat.
  • Petitioner Baldev Ram, claiming himself to be the ex-Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat Manaklao, had contended that a significant chunk of land of the Gram Panchayat, which carried a Shamshan Ghat and Talab, besides other things, has been usurped for the purpose of construction of a ring road/highway and no compensation has ever been paid to the Panchayat.
  • Countering the submissions of the petitioner, a pertinent reply was filed by the respondents that the land for the purpose of construction of highway was procured by proper acquisition.
  • Furthermore, the parts of Khasra were Government land and thus, no notices were required for the purpose of using such land to construct the highway.
  • In this view of the matter, the Jaipur Division Bench of Justice Sandeep Mehta and Justice Kuldeep Mathur opined that no public interest was involved in the petition and disposed it off.
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