General Awareness

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - January 2025

Jan 2025

Oct 29, 2025

Stellerus to Launch First 3D Wind Data Satellite Network

In a pioneering move for climate and space technology, Hong Kong-based start-up Stellerus Technology announced plans to deploy the Feilian Constellation—the world's first satellite constellation dedicated to capturing three-dimensional wind data. This ambitious project, named after the ancient Chinese god of wind, is set to transform how the world observes atmospheric dynamics, with vast implications for renewable energy, aviation safety, disaster management, and insurance modelling.

Oct 27, 2025

NASA Confirms Discovery of 2025 PN7, Earth's Temporary Second Moon

Earth has a new space companion, a small asteroid named 2025 PN7, confirmed by NASA. Though it's not a real moon, it travels around the Sun in almost the same orbit as Earth, making it look like it's following our planet through space.
This 'quasi-moon', first discovered by astronomers at the University of Hawaii, is estimated to be 18 to 36 metres wide — about the height of a small building. While tiny by space standards, its discovery is fascinating for scientists studying how asteroids move near Earth.
The asteroid 2025 PN7 is not directly orbiting Earth like our natural moon. Instead, it travels around the Sun on a path that nearly matches Earth's. This unique movement makes it appear as if it's staying close to us, even though it's actually an independent traveler in space.
NASA scientists describe it as being like a friendly runner keeping pace on the same track — close enough to notice but never touching.

Japan Successfully Launches New Cargo Spacecraft

Japan's space agency successfully launched its most powerful flagship H3 rocket, carrying a newly developed unmanned cargo spacecraft for its first mission to deliver supplies to the International Space Station.
The HTV-X1 spacecraft successfully lifted off atop the No. 7 H3 rocket from Japan's Tanegashima Space Centre in the country's south and confirmed it entered targeted orbit 14 minutes after liftoff.
The HTV-X is the successor to JAXA's unmanned H-II Transfer Vehicle, known as Kounotori, or stork in Japanese, which flew nine missions to the ISS between 2009 and 2020.

Oct 26, 2025

ISRO Organises Curtain Raiser on ESTIC 2025

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), under the Department of Space (DOS), organised a Curtain Raiser event for Emerging, Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC 2025) focussing on Space Technologies theme.
Held at Department of Space (DOS) and ISRO Headquarters, Bengaluru, the event witnessed the presence of Dr. V. Narayanan, Secretary, Department of Space / Chairman, ISRO and Rajarajan A., Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) and M. Ganesh Pillai, Scientific Secretary along with senior scientists, officials and members of the media.

Oct 23, 2025

Powering Next-Generation Technology

India has steadily advanced its indigenous semiconductor capabilities over the past decade, developing home-grown processor architectures, nurturing design talent, and strengthening research infrastructure. These efforts have built a strong foundation for the country's emergence as a key player in the global chip design ecosystem.
Building on this progress, India is now taking a major step forward with the development of a 7 nanometre processor, marking its entry into advanced node semiconductor design. The initiative signifies a defining moment in India's semiconductor journey and reaffirms the nation's commitment to self-reliant, next-generation technology innovation.
The 7 nm processor is being developed by the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT Madras), a key institution in India's processor design ecosystem through its SHAKTI initiative. Started in 2013, SHAKTI is based on open-source instruction set architecture, allowing anyone to adopt and use it freely without restrictions.

Oct 22, 2025

Chandrayaan-2 Detects Solar Impact on Moon's Exosphere

In a major scientific achievement, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) confirmed that its Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter has made the first-ever direct observation of how solar activity, specifically Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), impacts the Moon's exosphere. This landmark discovery offers unprecedented insight into lunar space weather and the dynamics of the Moon's extremely thin atmosphere.
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are massive bursts of plasma and magnetic field released from the Sun's corona, comprising mainly Hydrogen and Helium ions.
When these ejections reach planetary bodies, they can have significant effects—on Earth, they interfere with satellites and power grids.
On the Moon, which lacks both an atmosphere and a global magnetic field, the effects are even more direct and profound.

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