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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - October 2018

Oct 2018

May 31, 2020

SpaceX's Crew Dragon Spacecraft Successfully Takes Off

  • SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft successfully took off from Kennedy Space Center for the International Space Station (ISS), with two NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley.
  • The spacecraft is the first to take the American astronauts to orbit from American soil in nearly a decade.
  • The mission marks the first launch of a rocket owned by SpaceX, the commercial space company founded by Elon Musk.
  • US President Donald Trump was present at the Kennedy Space Center to view the rocket launch.

May 29, 2020

Facebook Launches 'Collab' Music-Making App

  • From a messaging app for Apple Watch to meme creator and discovery platform, Facebook is experimenting on several consumer-focused apps under a new team called 'NPE Teams, from Facebook'.
  • The new addition to the list is a music collaboration app, which allows content creators and fans to create, watch, and mix and match original music videos. Named Collab, the iOS app will be available through invite-based model.
  • To request access, you need to sign up for a waitlist. Invites will be send in batches, starting with people in the US and Canada.
  • The content created using Collab app can be published on other platforms, including Facebook-owned Instagram and Facebook Stories.

ISRO Gets Patent to Manufacture 'Moon Soil'

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has secured a patent for its method of producing highland lunar soil simulant or "moon soil".
  • It is made using similar rock samples found at the Sittampundi Anorthosite Complex, located 67 km from Salem in Tamil Nadu.
  • The simulant prepared by ISRO is akin to the regolith, which is a loose unconsolidated rock that settles on the bedrock of the lunar highland region, which can be used to improve the mobility of the rover or to study lunar soil.
  • It could also help with experiments and researches on ways to construct structures on the Moon's surface and make progress in lunar locomotive engineering.

NPCI Launches AI Virtual Assistant PAi

  • National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) said that it has launched an artificial intelligence (AI) based chatbot, PAi, to create awareness around its products like FASTag, RuPay, UPI, AePS on a real time basis.
  • This is yet another NPCI's initiative to improve digital financial inclusion in India.
  • The AI virtual assistant, PAi is available round the clock helping users with access to accurate information on NPCI products.
  • Customers can ask their queries in English and Hindi, via text or voice on the websites of NPCI, RuPay, and UPI Chalega.
  • Through PAi, users get verified automated responses to their queries on all NPCI's products. PAi would also be accessible to global RuPay Cardholders as well.

May 28, 2020

Researchers of INST Found a Route to Fabricate Precisely Controlled Nanostructure

  • Researchers team led by Dr Kiran Shankar Hazra, of Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST) found an innovative route to fabricate precisely controlled nanostructure of the required geometry and location on two dimensional (2D) materials using one-step low power laser writing process.
  • The approaches used so far with the synthesis of complex morphologies limits the potential in being used for large area substrates.
  • The INST team developed a hybrid –  Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) platform of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanostructure decorated with gold nanoparticles, the direct laser writing is used to engineer the artificial edges on the MoS2 surface, creates controlled formation of localized hotspots for ultrasensitive and reproducible detection of analytes.

IIT Madras Creates Light-Weight Alloy to Replace Steel, Aluminium in Cars

  •  Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), partnered with the University of North Texas and United States Army lab, have developed a magnesium alloy to replace the steel and aluminium in the automobile industry to reduce the carbon footprint and increase fuel efficiency.
  • There has been an excellent deal of specialising in lowering the carbon footprint of vehicles by using light-weight material in their bodies.
  • Lighter vehicles consume less fuel to run and are therefore play a strategic role in increasing energy-efficiency.
  • Vehicular emissions alone contribute 27 per cent of total CO2 emissions currently.
  • One of the lightest and energy-efficient structural materials, magnesium alloys are potential candidates to exchange steel and aluminium alloys in automotive and aerospace components since their density is two-thirds of aluminium and one-quarter of steel.

Astrophysicists Capture New Class of Astronomical Transient Objects

  •  A new astronomical transient that is faster, brighter, and heavier at radio wavelengths than its mysterious predecessors has been captured in the universe by the astrophysicists.
  • After a bright burst was visually captured, in 2016, by the astronomers in a tiny galaxy 500 million lightyears away from Earth, a Northwestern University-led team determined that the anomaly is the third fast blue optical transient (FBOT) ever captured in X-ray and radio wavelengths.
  • FBOTs, a highly luminous family of cosmic explosions, have a track record of surprising astronomers with their energetic, fast, and powerful bursts of energy.
  • The most famous FBOT is AT2018COW ("The Cow")- a rare event that appeared to be the birth of a neutron star or black hole. But the newly identified FBOT has vastly overshadowed the cow.

May 27, 2020

Tata Capital Launches Voicebot 'TIA' on Whatsapp

  • Private NBFC, Tata Capital has launched the voicebot "TIA" on WhatsApp.
  • The voicebot offers a range of services to its customers like opting for a new loan or getting queries resolved etc to provide seamless and interactive services on the widely used messaging platform, Whatsapp.
  • Tata Capital intends to provide convenient and hassle-free access to products and services to its tech-savvy customers i.e. the new age digital friendly customers.
  • Through TIA on Whatsapp, the customers can view their account and EMI details, download documents instantly, update their details, get instant responses for any product related queries and apply for a new loan or for a new product.

Astronomers Create Cloud Atlas for Hot, Jupiter-Like Exoplanets

  • Giant planets in our solar system and circling other stars have exotic clouds unlike anything on Earth, and the gas giants orbiting close to their stars—so-called hot Jupiters—boast the most extreme.
  • A team of astronomers from the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom have now come up with a model that predicts which of the many types of proposed clouds, from sapphire to smoggy methane haze, to expect on hot Jupiters of different temperatures, up to thousands of degrees Kelvin.
  • Surprisingly, the most common type of cloud, expected over a large range of temperatures, should consist of liquid or solid droplets of silicon and oxygen, like melted quartz or molten sand.
  • On cooler hot Jupiters, below about 950 Kelvin (1,250 degrees Fahrenheit), skies are dominated by a hydrocarbon haze, essentially smog.

May 26, 2020

NASA's WFIRST Hubble Telescope renamed after astronomer Nancy Grace Roman

  • NASA has renamed its next-generation space telescope- Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), after the space agency's first chief astronomer Nancy Grace Roman.
  • The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope or Roman Space Telescope is set for launch in 2025. 
  • NASA's first Chief Astronomer Nancy Grace Roman had paved the way for space telescopes focused on the broader universe.
  • She is considered as the mother of Hubble Space Telescope, which had launched 30 years ago. 

NASA's WFIRST Hubble Telescope renamed after astronomer Nancy Grace Roman

  • NASA has renamed its next-generation space telescope- Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), after the space agency's first chief astronomer Nancy Grace Roman.
  • The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope or Roman Space Telescope is set for launch in 2025. 
  • NASA's first Chief Astronomer Nancy Grace Roman had paved the way for space telescopes focused on the broader universe.
  • She is considered as the mother of Hubble Space Telescope, which had launched 30 years ago. 

4 Indian Astronauts Resume Training in Russia for India's First Manned Mission to Space 'Gaganyaan'

  • The four cosmonauts shortlisted for Gaganyaan, India's first manned space mission, have resumed their training in Russia, after it was put on hold due to COVID-19 scare.
  • Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) resumed training of the Indian cosmonauts under the contract between Glavkosmos, JSC (part of the State Space Corporation Roscosmos) and the Human Spaceflight Center of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
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