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General Awareness

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - May 2017

May 2017

Jul 07, 2020

INFORM Risk Index 2020 for Humanitarian Crises and Disasters

  • In accordance with the "INFORM Report 2020:Shared evidence for managing crises and disasters" released in 2020 by research centre INFORM, operating under European Commission (EU), India was ranked at 31st place with an inform risk of 5.4, means risk of humanitarian crises and disasters . The report ranked the countries based on "INFORM Risk Index" which has been topped by Somalia with an inform risk of 8.9. The report has analyzed 191 countries.
  • Notably, this report is produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA) on behalf of all INFORM Partners.
  • It is the first global, objective and transparent tool for understanding the risk of regions based upon crises and disasters. A higher figure means more exposure to risks. The report considers the following while framing the index:
  • Natural Factors: Tsunami, Earthquake, Drought, Flood, Epidemic and Tropical Cyclones
  • Human Factors: Human Conflicts and conflict risks
  • Socio-Economic factors: Inequality, vulnerable people, deprivation and aid dependency
  • Institutional: DRR, Governance
  • Infrastructure: Communication, Physical infrastructure, Access to health system
  • INFORM is a multi-stakeholder forum for developing shared, quantitative analysis relevant to humanitarian crises and disasters. INFORM is a collaboration of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and the European Commission.
  • The Joint Research Center of European Commission is the scientific and technical lead for INFORM.

India Ranks 117th in SDG Index 2020

  • In accordance with the "Sustainable Development Report 2020- The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid-19", comprising of SDG index 2020, there will be severe negative impacts on most of the United Nations (UN)-mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to COVID-19 pandemic. India, which has ranked at 117th position with a score of 61.92 is also facing major challenges in 10 of the 17 SDGs including zero hunger, good health, gender inequality among others. The index has been topped by Sweden.
  • The report contains data on changes over time in 17 SDG indicators, the future of the SDGs amidst Covid-19, as well as calculations for trajectories until 2030.
  • The 2020 report reviewed the performance of 193 UN Member States out of which 166 were ranked under SDG index 2020. The top 3 countries are Sweden (84.72), Denmark (84.56) and Finland (83.77).
  • As per 2020 report COVID-19 had negatively affected several SDGs including:
  • SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and wellbeing), SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) and SDG 10 (reduced inequalities)
  • Meanwhile, the pandemic had brought "immediate relief" in following SDGs:
  • SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land)
  • Since its launch in 2016, this annual report provides the most up-to-date data to track and review the performance of all 193 UN member states on the 17 SDGs.

Hong Kong Police Get Sweeping Powers

  • Hong Kong administration released additional details of China's sweeping new national security law.
  • Under China's new legislation, crimes of secession and sedition will be punishable by up to life in prison, stoking concerns of a much more authoritarian era in a city which has been racked by anti-China protests for the past year. Authorities will have the power to enter and search places for evidence. They can also restrict people under investigation from leaving Hong Kong.
  • It may also allow for confiscation of the proceeds related to any offence endangering national security. It will require foreign and Taiwan political organisations and agents to provide information on activities concerning Hong Kong.
  • Meanwhile, Facebook, WhatsApp and Telegram said that they will deny law enforcement requests for user data in Hong Kong as they assess the impact of the new national security law enacted last week.

Jul 06, 2020

Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike Wins Another Term

  • Tokyo Gov Yuriko Koike won a second term to head the Japanese capital, propelled to an election victory by public support for her handling of the coronavirus crisis despite a recent rise in infections that has raised concerns of a resurgence of the disease.
  • In her victory speech, Koike, the first woman to lead Tokyo, pledged to continue to take measures to protect the city's 14 million people amid the pandemic, calling it her most pressing task.
  • As per Japanese public broadcaster NHK exit polls showed that 74% of respondents supported Koike, with 63% saying they approved of her handling of the coronavirus crisis.

Rapper Kayne West to Run for US President

  • International Rapper and Hip Hop artist, Kayne West announced that he will be running for the post of President of the United States .
  • The US Presidential Elections are scheduled for November 2020. Though both the main parties -the Republic and Democrats have announced their official candidates, nominations are still open in many states. So, yes Kayne West can run for US Presidential Race.
  • However, a long hurdled path awaits West, as he will have to start his Presidential campaign from scratch now for an election that is scheduled in November, which is very less time. Trump who is seeking re-election, and unopposed Democrat candidate Joe Biden have already started work on their respective Presidential campaigns.
  • Kayne West will also need to qualify for ballot access across 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as build a new political organization from scratch without the support of any party. There is no clarity yet whether West seriously plans to run for Presidency this year or if he has done any official paperwork for his election bid.

Jul 05, 2020

Petro Poroshenko Accuses Volodymyr Zelenskyof Hosting Russian Fifth Column

  • Ukraine's ex-president Petro Poroshenko accused his successor, Volodymyr Zelensky, of pursuing him in the courts out of a desire for "revenge".
  • Mr. Poroshenko marched with several thousand of his supporters to a pre-trial hearing in Kyiv last week.
  • He is facing more than 20 different investigations on what he says are politically-motivated charges.
  • Mr. Poroshenko told the BBC his election defeat had led to pro-Russian figures returning to key posts in government.
  • For the past six years Kyiv has been fighting a mostly low-level conflict against separatist forces backed by Russia in eastern Ukraine.

China Has Border Dispute with Bhutan Too

  • China officially stated for the first time it has a boundary dispute with Bhutan in the eastern sector, a development with significant implications for India as the region borders Arunachal Pradesh, which is also claimed by Beijing.
  • As per the Chinese foreign ministry, the China-Bhutan boundary has never been delimited and there have been disputes over the eastern, central and western sections for a long time. A third party should not point fingers in the China-Bhutan border issue – an apparent reference to India.
  • Bhutan and China have held 24 rounds of talks between 1984 and 2016 to settle their border issue and, according to discussions in the Bhutanese parliament and other public records of these meetings, the discussions have only centred on disputes in the western and central sections of the boundary.

China Has Border Dispute with Bhutan Too

  • China officially stated for the first time it has a boundary dispute with Bhutan in the eastern sector, a development with significant implications for India as the region borders Arunachal Pradesh, which is also claimed by Beijing.
  • As per the Chinese foreign ministry, the China-Bhutan boundary has never been delimited and there have been disputes over the eastern, central and western sections for a long time. A third party should not point fingers in the China-Bhutan border issue – an apparent reference to India.
  • Bhutan and China have held 24 rounds of talks between 1984 and 2016 to settle their border issue and, according to discussions in the Bhutanese parliament and other public records of these meetings, the discussions have only centred on disputes in the western and central sections of the boundary.

Jul 04, 2020

Nepal PM KP Oli Faces Heat from Party Colleagues

  • There has been a growing rift in the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP) in Nepal over demands of resignation of Prime Minister KP Oli, who has been facing heat from his party colleagues for straining ties with India and reports of China encroaching almost 33 hectares of Nepalese land through road construction in Tibet.
  • A crucial meeting of Nepal ruling party NCP Standing Committee to decide the fate of KP Oli, has been postponed. The meeting has now been postponed till July 6, thus giving a 2-day breather to PM Oli.
  • In the midst of the political crisis in Nepal, Chinese Ambassador in Nepal Hou Yanqi met Nepali President Bidhya Devi Bhandari. A meeting between Hou Yanqi and Nepali President was held in the President House in Kathmandu. As per reports, China once again has been intervening in the political crisis in Nepal. Chinese ambassador Hou Yanqi is seen as a key factor behind PM Oli's unexpected move to amend a map which includes disputed territories with India.

Macron Picks Jean Castex as PM after Philippe Resigns

  • French Prime Minister Edouard Philippe tendered his resignation after heading President Emmanuel Macron's government for three years.
  • The President swiftly named centre-right mayor Jean Castex to lead a new team of ministers after a reshuffle.
  • Although Mr. Philippe was considered more popular than the President, the ruling party had poor local election results at the weekend.
  • Mr. Philippe met the President and they agreed the government would resign.
  • A reshuffle had been expected for some time, and it is common practice for a French President to replace a Prime Minister during the five-year term in office known as the "quinquennat".
  • Mr. Castex is little known in France, but he is a senior civil servant and has played a key role in the government's response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Jul 03, 2020

Russians Clear Way for Putin to Extend His Rule

  • Russians have granted President Vladimir Putin the right to stay in power until 2036 by voting overwhelmingly for constitutional changes that reset the clock on the longtime Russian leader's tenure to zero, but critics said that the outcome was falsified on an industrial scale.
  • As per official results, after 99.9 per cent of ballots had been counted, showed that the former KGB officer who has ruled Russia for more than 20 years as President or Prime Minister had won the right to run for two more six-year terms after the current one ends in 2024.
  • According to the The Central Election Commission, 77.9 per cent of votes counted across the world's largest country had supported changing the constitution. About 21 per cent had voted against.

Britain Recognises Juan Guaido as Venezuela's President

  • Britain recognised Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido as the country's President, the English High Court ruled, in a case over whether Guaido or Nicolas Maduro should control $1 billion of its gold stored in London.
  • A four-day hearing last week had been the latest part of a tug-of-war over the gold reserves held in the Bank of England and centered on which of the two rival Presidents Britain now views as Venezuela's legitimate leader.
  • In early 2019, the British government joined dozens of nations in backing Guaido, head of Venezuela's opposition-controlled congress, after he declared an interim presidency and denounced Maduro as an usurper who secured a fraudulent re-election.
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