General Awareness

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - May 2017

May 2017

Jul 17, 2020

India, Israel Sign Agreement to Further Expand Collaboration in Dealing with Cyber Threats

India and Israel have signed an agreement to further expand collaboration in dealing with cyber threats amid rapid digitisation due to the coronavirus pandemic that exposed the vulnerabilities of the virtual world.
The agreement was signed between the Director-General of Israel's National Cyber Directorate (INCD), Yigal Unna, and India's Ambassador to Israel, Sanjeev Singla.
Israel can contribute from its experience and can benefit from the vast experience gained in India in dealing with cyber attacks.
The agreement lays down the framework for dialogue, cooperation in capacity building, mutual exchange of best practices in the field and facilitates regular exchanges.

EU-US Privacy Shield for Data Struck Down by Court

A major agreement governing the transfer of EU citizens' data to the United States was struck down by the European Court of Justice (ECJ).
The EU-US Privacy Shield let companies sign up to higher privacy standards, before transferring data to the US.
But a privacy advocate challenged the agreement, arguing that US national security laws did not protect EU citizens from government snooping.
Max Schrems, the Austrian behind the case, called it a win for privacy.
It is clear that the US will have to seriously change their surveillance laws, if US companies want to continue to play a role in the EU market.

PM Mette Frederiksen Marries Filmmaker Bo Tengberg

Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen got married after her wedding was postponed and then rescheduled due to a busy first year in office that included the coronavirus pandemic.
As per Danish media reports, Frederiksen married filmmaker and photographer Bo Tengberg at the medieval Magleby Church on Moen island in southeastern Denmark.
Frederiksen was sworn in as Denmark's youngest ever Prime Minister in June 2019, becoming the second woman to hold the post.

UN Designates Noor Wali Mehsud as Global Terrorist

The United Nations designated Pakistan-based terror organisation Tehrik-e Taliban's Pakistan (TTP) leader, Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud, as a global terrorist.
This comes as another blow to Pakistan as the world community has repeatedly called it out for supporting terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) among others.
The US welcomed the development saying that the TTP was responsible for many deadly terrorist attacks in Pakistan. The United States had domestically designated Noor Wali as a terrorist in September 2019. TTP was earlier designated as Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) by the US Department of State.

South American Country Suriname Elects Indian-origin President

Suriname, a small country in South America with a significant Hindu population, elected a new President, ending the dictatorial rule of Desi Bouterse.
Chan Santokhi, an Indian-origin former police chief, won a landslide victory in the general elections.
Santokhi, who was also the leader of Opposition, replaced Bouterse, who is facing murder charges and has also been convicted of drugs smuggling abroad.
The new President now inherits a country on the verge of bankruptcy, widespread corruption and the coronavirus pandemic. So far, there have been 780 cases and 18 deaths.
Suriname is a former Dutch colony but the country's relations with the Netherlands, which was once its primary trade partner, deteriorated under Bouterse's rule.

Jul 16, 2020

Tunisia PM Quits Amid Alleged Financial Scandal

The Tunisian Prime Minister Elyes el-Fakhfakh resigned.
This comes following intense pressure on Mr. Fakhfakh from members of parliament the past week over a brewing alleged financial scandal.
He lasted less than six months as Prime Minister, making this the shortest time in office for a Tunisian government.
Mr. Fakhfakh's resignation also came after rifts in parliament, led by the moderate Islamist party Ennahda, and threats by lawmakers to withdraw confidence in his government over alleged conflict of interest.
He is accused of maintaining shares in private companies that won state contracts amounting to $15m (£12m).
The President is expected to appoint Mr. Fakhfakh's successor within a week's time - who will have a maximum of two months to form a government that wins the confidence of lawmakers.

India and Chile Join the Food and Agriculture Organisationof the United Nations

India and Chile joined the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) and co-hosted the official launch of 2021 International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, the side event of 2020 High-level Political forum – "On the road to the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables 2021: Highlighting health and nutritional benefits through sustainable production and consumption of fruits and vegetables".
The aim of the event is for the relevant stakeholders to discuss the key roles of fruits and vegetables in health, sustainable production systems, income and employment generation and other dimensions.
Following the request of FAO, The United Nations adopted the resolution A/RES/74/244 on 19th December 2019, designating 2021 as the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables to acknowledge the nutritional and health benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables and to create awareness about the increasing loss and waste in fruits and vegetables and their negative impacts on the global economy.

Jul 15, 2020

Merkel Declines to Endorse Bavarian Premier Markus Soeder as Successor

Angela Merkel, asked if she thought Bavarian Premier Markus Soeder was a strong candidate to succeed her as German chancellor, declined to comment directly, saying only that Bavaria is a good leader.
Soeder and Markus Laschet, premier of North Rhine-Westphalia, are seen as leading candidates for the conservative chancellor ticket.
Merkel's visit was widely presented as a symbolic coronation of Soeder, but Merkel said she would accept invitations from other state premiers.

US Carries out First Federal Execution in Nearly 2 Decades

The US government carried out the first federal execution in almost two decades, putting to death a man who killed an Arkansas family in a 1990s in a plot to build a whites-only nation in the Pacific Northwest.
The execution came over the objection of the victims' family.
Daniel Lewis Lee died by lethal injection at the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana.
The decision to move forward with the execution—the first by the Bureau of Prisons since 2003 -- drew scrutiny from civil rights groups and the relatives of Lee's victims, who had sued to try to halt it, citing concerns about the coronavirus pandemic.
The decision to move forward with the execution—and two others scheduled later in the week—during a global health pandemic that has killed more than 135,000 people in the United States and is ravaging prisons nationwide, drew scrutiny from civil rights groups as well as family of Lee's victims.

Trump Signs into Law Hong Kong Autonomy Act

US President Donald Trump signed into law the Hong Kong Autonomy Act and also signed an executive order ending US preferential treatment for Hong Kong.
The Hong Kong Autonomy Act was passed unanimously by the Congress. The law gives his administration powerful new tools to hold responsible the individuals in the entities involved in extinguishing Hong Kong's freedom.
Now, Hong Kong will now be treated the same as in mainland China. No special privileges, no special economic treatment and no export of sensitive technologies. In addition to that, as you know, we are placing massive tariffs and have placed very large tariffs on China. The first time this has ever happened to China, billions of dollars have been paid to the US, of which I have given quite a bit to the farmers and ranchers of our country because they were targeted, and that has been going on for three years.

Jul 14, 2020

Malaysian PM Unseats House Speaker

Malaysia`s Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin cleared a major hurdle in parliament, as lawmakers narrowly approved a motion to remove the Lower House Speaker, in a vote seen as an important barometer of his support.
While not officially a confidence vote, the outcome was the first real measure of how much legislative backing Muhyiddin could muster to push through policies and government business.
A total of 111 lawmakers supported Muhyiddin`s bid to remove Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof, who was appointed by the previous administration led by Mahathir Mohamad, while 109 voted against the move.

China's Laser Weapon Capable of Destroying Indian and US Satellites

The Indian and US satellites are vulnerable to China's ground-based lasers as according to some analysts China has acquired the full capability to destroy the enemy's satellite sensors through its lasers. China can cause great damage to Indian and US satellites during wartime. In January 2019, the Pentagon's Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA), in a report on space threats, had disclosed and warned that China's military is expected to deploy a laser weapon capable of destroying or damaging US military satellites in low earth orbit next year (2020).
Experts have identified one such laser station is Xinxiang, which has four buildings. While one of these buildings has satellite tracking systems and the other three could have been used to damage satellite sensors. China has also established five fixed ranging stations which are Shanghai, Changchun, Beijing, Wuhan and Kuming and the other two are mobile raising stations which can be transported from one place to another, as per their operational requirements. The ranging stations are mainly used for tracking satellites and space debris but it can also be used for damaging enemy satellites.

Poland's Duda Beats Trzaskowski in Presidential Vote

Poland's incumbent President Andrzej Duda narrowly beat challenger Rafal Trzaskowski in the presidential vote.
According to the National Electoral Commission, Mr. Duda had won 51.2% of the votes.
It is Poland's slimmest presidential election victory since the end of communism in 1989.
One of the major issues of the election was the future of the country's strained relations with the European Union.
Mr. Duda is a social conservative allied with the government led by the nationalist Law and Justice (PiS) party, while Mr. Trzaskowski is the socially liberal mayor of Warsaw.

Iran Drops India from Chabahar Rail Project

Four years after India and Iran signed an agreement to construct a rail line from Chabahar Port to Zahedan, along the border with Afghanistan, the Iranian government has decided to proceed with the construction on its own, citing delays from the Indian side in funding and starting the project.
Last week, Iranian Transport and Urban Development Minister Mohammad Eslami inaugurated the track-laying process for the 628 km Chabahar-Zahedan line, which will be extended to Zaranj across the border in Afghanistan. As per reports, the entire project would be completed by March 2022, and that Iranian Railways will proceed without India's assistance, using approximately $400 million from the Iranian National Development Fund.
The development comes as China finalised a massive 25-year, $400 billion strategic partnership deal with Iran, which could cloud India's plans.

Nepal Urges India to Take Steps against Broadcast of Anti-Nepal Materials

Nepal sent a 'diplomatic note' to India, urging New Delhi to take steps against the broadcast of materials what it called "fake, baseless and insensitive as well as abusive" to the country and its leadership by a section of the Indian media.
The move came days after Nepal stopped the transmission of all Indian private news channels except Doordarshan, accusing them of airing reports hurting the country's national sentiment.
There was no immediate reaction from India on the issue.
According to an aide of the Nepal Prime Minister, in the diplomatic note to the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) via the Embassy of Nepal in New Delhi, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the materials disseminated by a section of the Indian media are fake, baseless and insensitive as well as abusive to Nepal and Nepali leadership.

Jul 13, 2020

Commercial Farming of Endangered Species in Myanmar may Boost Demand for Rare Animals

Wildlife and environmental conservation group WWF and Fauna & Flora International (FFI) have warned that the change in the Myanmar law allowing for commercial farming of endangered species may boost the demand for rare animals in the world.
The organisations in a joint statement cautioned that commercial trade has been shown to increase trade in wildlife by creating a parallel market for these products, according to sources.
The government of Myanmar in June passed a law allowing private zoos to breed 90 wildlife species out of which more than 20 are endangered. The list of wildlife animals allowed for commercial farming include Tiger, Pangolin, Siamese crocodile and Ayeyarwady Dolphin which are among endangered species in the world.
Myanmar is considered to be a major hub of illegal trade in wildlife driven by demand from neighbouring China.
Experts also fear that it may lead to the spillover of diseases from animals to humans as Myanmar lacks the capacity to regulate the trade.
However, the Forest Department of Myanmar maintains that the list of wild animals allowed for commercial farming was drawn after consultation with conservation groups, academics, and experts in the field.

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