General Awareness

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - May 2015

May 2015

Aug 11, 2015

Protogalaxy 10 Billion Light-years Away

Astronomers have discovered a giant protogalaxy 10 billion light-years away, and found that it is about four times larger in diameter than our Milky Way.
Using the Caltech-designed and built Cosmic Web Imager, researchers imaged the protogalaxy and found that it is connected to a filament of intergalactic medium, the cosmic web made of diffuse gas that crisscrosses between galaxies and extends throughout the universe.
The finding provides the strongest observational support yet for what is known as the cold-flow model of galaxy formation. That model holds that in the early universe, relatively cool gas funneled down from the cosmic web directly into galaxies, fueling rapid star formation.

New Braille Smartwatch

An affordable Braille smartwatch which allows the visually impaired to receive and read text messages in real time and even read e-books has been developed by a South Korean startup.
The smartwatch, named Dot, relays the time with a set of pins that rise and fall. Users will be able to receive and read text messages in real time, read e-books and even learn Braille.
When it comes to watches for the visually impaired, there are not many devices that use real-time Braille text and the ones that do typically cost thousands of dollars.

Aug 10, 2015

NASA Drones to Explore Moon and Mars

NASA engineers are developing drones that can fly to areas which are inaccessible to rovers, such as the shaded region of a crater, on Mars, asteroids and Moon to gather samples.
The flying robotic vehicles, designed for the thin atmosphere of Mars and the airless voids of asteroids and the Moon, would use a lander as a base to replenish batteries and propellants between flights.

Aug 09, 2015

Signs of a Lake Found on Mars

Evidence of an ancient lake on Mars that likely represents some of the last potentially habitable surface water ever to exist on the red planet was discovered by researchers.
An 18 square mile chloride salt deposit in the planet's Meridiani region near the Mars Opportunity rover's landing site was examined by researchers.
Large-scale salt deposits are considered to be evidence of evaporated bodies of water.
Researchers are pretty certain that this is one of the last instances of a sizeable lake on Mars.

Aug 07, 2015

ISRO to Launch American Satellites

Antrix Corporation, the commercial arm of Indian Space Research Organisation has signed deals to put nine American nano/micro satellites into orbit by the end of 2016.
These include a couple of nano/micro US satellites which are likely to be launched by the ISRO this year as piggyback luggage on its own satellite.
Generally, nano satellites are ones that weigh between 1-10 kg while micro satellites weigh from 10-100 kg.
The Astrosat satellite is slated for launch in September. It will be launched using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket.

Aug 06, 2015

Largest Feature in Universe Found

Astronomers have found what may be the largest feature in the known universe, a ring of nine gamma ray bursts and hence, galaxies five billion light years across.
Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous events in the universe, releasing as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun does over its 10 billion year lifetime.
They are thought to be the result of massive stars collapsing into black holes. Their huge luminosity helps astronomers to map out the location of distant galaxies.
The GRBs that make up the newly discovered ring were observed using a variety of space- and ground-based observatories.

Breakthrough in Cancer Cure

In a medical breakthrough, two Indian scientists have discovered that dopamine, known as the happy hormone, can also kill tumours.
The study was carried out by two Kolkata-born scientists Partha Dasgupta and Sujit Basu.
According to the scientists, trials on mice have been successful, adding that if human trials succeed, cancer treatment will get significantly cheaper.
According to the researchers, dopamine also starves cancerous tumours of blood, causing them to shrink and eventually vanish.

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