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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

31 Jan 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Pakistan's Upper House of Parliament Passes Law for Central Bank's Autonomy

  • Pakistan's upper house of parliament put the seal on a law backed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to give the central bank more independence in decision-making.
  • The new legislation, passed by 43-42 votes and with immediate effect, was among the most important of conditions by the IMF for revival of a stalled $6 billion funding. The lower house had earlier this month also passed the law.
  • The bill gives the bank independent powers to control price stability and monetary policy, plus guaranteed tenure for its governor.
  • It also stops the government borrowing from the bank.

Sergio Mattarella Re-elected as Italy's President

  • Italian President Sergio Mattarella was elected to a second term, Lower House Speaker Roberto Fico announced, after the parliament gathered in a joint session and concluded its eighth round of voting.
  • Mattarella was reconfirmed with a broad majority, namely 759 votes in favor from a total of 983 lawmakers and regional representatives actively taking part in the ballot.
  • Mattarella's candidacy emerged prominently at the end of a tense week in which the two major political blocs, the center-left and the center-right, failed to agree on a different common candidature.

Which Country has the Most Islands?

  • Various countries around the world can boast of having the most of something. The most lakes is an accolade belonging to Canada — it has around 879,000 — while the country with the most trees is Russia, where around 45% of the landmass is considered forest.
  • But when it comes to the number of islands, which country tops the list?
  • The winner, by quite some margin, is Sweden. This Northern European nation is home to a whopping 221,800 mostly uninhabited islands, according to Statista, a German company that provides statistics.
  • Finland, the runner-up, has an estimated 188,000 islands, while Norway, which rounds out the top three, is a long way behind, with around 55,000.
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ENVIRONMENT

NASA Ocean Melting Greenland Mission

  • The ocean waters are melting the glaciers in Greenland as much as the warm air is melting them from the above. The Ocean Melting Greenland mission, generally referred to as OMG mission was launched by NASA. It was a five year mission. It ended on December 31, 2021. The mission mainly measured the ice loss in Greenland.
  • As per the study, if all the Greenland ice melts, then the global ocean level will increase by 7.4 metres.
  • The ice in Greenland is melting five times faster than they were 25 years ago.
  • There are more than 220 glaciers in Greenland. The ocean waters are melting them at faster rate.
  • The mission conducted a complete survey of the sea floor in the coasts of Greenland. It measured the ocean temperature year to year, place to place and top to bottom.
  • A complete map of the ocean was created. The mission measured the salinity of the water at different depths.
  • It also studied how the salty Atlantic water impacted the ice melting in Greenland.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Urjit Patel Resigns as Non-executive, Independent Director of Britannia Industries

  • Former Reserve Bank of India (RBI) governor Urjit Patel resigned from the post of non-executive and independent director at packaged foods company Britannia Industries Ltd., citing a full-time work assignment starting next month.
  • Patel was appointed vice president for investment operations in South Asia at the Beijing-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). His appointment is effective from 1 February.
  • Patel was the 24th governor of the Reserve Bank of India.

Govt. Extends Term of LIC's Chairman & MD by One Year

  • The gov¬ern¬ment has extended the LIC chairman's term by one year. The current term of M R Kumar, chairman of LIC, was to end on March 13, 2022. Besides, the government also extended the tenure of one of the managing directors, Raj Kumar, for one year.
  • With the extension, M. R. Kumar will continue as chairman of LIC till March 2023.
  • This is the second extension for the LIC chairman. In June 2021, he was given a nine-month extension in a view of LIC's proposed initial public offering towards the end of the current financial year.

Tata Group Choose SBI, BoB and HDFC Bank to Finance Air India's Old Debt

  • Tata Group chose State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda and HDFC Bank as preferred bankers for Air India. Tata Group took over Air India from the government. Air India is the largest international carrier out of India with an 18.6% market share. Tata Sons have availed of a Rs. 10,000-crore loan from SBI and a Rs. 5,000-crore loan from BoB. The loan from HDFC Bank is not known yet. The loans are unrated, unsecured, and pegged at 4.25% [interest rate] annually.
  • Tata Sons-promoted Talace acquired Air India, offering Rs. 18,000 crore that include Rs. 15,300 crore for the carrier's existing debt and Rs. 2,700 crore cash to be paid to the government. The new debt availed by the Tata Group will be used to refinance Air India's debt availed at over 10%.
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SPORTS

Tata Steel Chess Tournament

  • GM Magnus Carlsen won the 2022 Tata Steel Masters Tournament with a score of 9.5/13, which is his record-breaking eighth win at this prestigious tournament. GMs Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and Richard Rapport both scored 8/13.
  • In the Challengers Tournament, GM Arjun Erigaisi won with a score of 10.5/13 which was a full two points ahead of GMs Thai Dai Van Nguyen and Jonas Buhl Bjerre.
  • The Tata Steel Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands, is one of the most distinguished over-the-board tournaments in all of chess. Tata Steel Chess Tournament is annually in January.

Rafael Nadal Beats Medvedev to Win Australian Open

  • Rafael Nadal got to 21 first, breaking the men's record for most Grand Slam singles titles and doing it the hard way by coming back from two sets down to beat Daniil Medvedev in the Australian Open final.
  • It was the second longest Australian Open final after Novak Djokovic beat Nadal in five sets in 5 hours and 53 minutes in 2012.

Odisha Open | Unnati Becomes Youngest Women Singles Champion

  • Fourteen-year-old Unnati Hooda capped a splendid run with an impressive finish against a fighting Smit Toshniwal to become the youngest winner of the women's singles title in the $75,000 Odisha Open badminton tournament at Cuttack.
  • For the men's singles title, Kiran George staved off a remarkable rally from Priyanshu Rajawat in three games.
  • Treesa Jolly and P. Gayatri defeated Sanyogita Ghorpade and Shruti Mishra to win the women's doubles title.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Andaman & Nicobar Islands Rural Polls & Port Blair Municipal Council Election

  • The Election Commissioner of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Narendra Kumar announced that the election to all gram panchayats, panchayat samitis, Zilla Parishad and Port Blair Municipal Council of the union territory will be held on March 6.
  • Election to the gram panchayat of Netaji Nagar and Hut Bay will not be held.
  • The election will take place on March 6 and counting of votes will be held on March 8.

PM Modi Addresses National Commission for Women Foundation Day

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually addressed the National Commission for Women (NCW) Foundation Day programme.
  • The theme for the 2022 foundation day was 'She The Change Maker'.
  • The National Commission for Women was set up as a statutory body in January 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990 to review the constitutional and legal safeguards for women, recommend remedial legislative measures, facilitate redressal of grievances and advise the government on all policy matters affecting women.
  • The first head of the commission was Jayanti Patnaik.
  • It is headquartered in New Delhi.

BJP to Contest all Manipur Assembly Seats

  • BJP will contest all the 60 seats of Manipur Assembly and announced its entire list of candidates for the February-March election.
  • The list of candidates was released at the BJP state headquarters here and signed by party national general secretary Arun Singh.
  • Among the main contestants are Chief Minister N Biren Singh who will be contesting from Heingang constituency, PWD Minister Th Biswajit Singh from Thongju, Govindas Konthoujam, the former Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee president who joined BJP recently, from Bishnupur.
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DEFENCE

North Korea Tests Long-range Missile, Biggest since 2017

  • North Korea fired its most powerful missile since President Joe Biden took office, as it revives its old playbook in brinkmanship to wrest concessions from Washington and neighbours amid a prolonged stalemate in diplomacy.
  • As per Japanese and South Korean militaries, the missile was launched on a lofted trajectory, apparently to avoid the territorial spaces of neighbours, and reached a maximum altitude of 2,000 km and travelled 800 km before landing in the sea.
  • The flight details suggest the North tested its longest-range ballistic missile since 2017, when it twice flew intermediate-range ballistic missiles over Japan and, separately, three intercontinental ballistic missiles that demonstrated the potential to reach deep into the American homeland.

Indian Armed Force Select 'Saab' for Supply of Anti-Armour Weapon

  • Swedish defence company 'Saab' was selected by the Indian Armed Force through a competitive programme for the supply of single-shot anti-armour weapon AT4. AT4 will be used by the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force. The order includes the AT4CS AST, which can be fired from confined spaces such as from inside buildings, bunkers and other urban environments. Carl-Gustaf system of Saab is being already used by the Indian Armed Forces.
  • The weapon can be fired with a range of projectiles, such as high-explosive anti-tank rounds, anti-structure tandem-warheads, and high explosive rounds. It can penetrate more than 17.5 inches (44 centimetres) of armour.
  • The AT4 is equipped with an optical night sight for missions in low-light environments and has a minimum arming distance of 10 meters (32.8 feet), making it more accurate when hitting closer targets.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

India Accounts for over Half of World's New Leprosy Patients

  • Despite India being declared "leprosy-free" in 2005, the country still accounts for over half (almost 60 per cent) of the world's new leprosy patients.
  • Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and Jharkhand contributed 76 per cent of the new leprosy cases, data by National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) shows.
  • According to World Health Organization (WHO), 114,451 new leprosy cases were detected in the country in 2019-20 which accounted for 80 per cent of the cases of southeast Asian countries.
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ART AND CULTURE

Telugu Short Film 'Street Student' Wins First Prize at NHRC's Short Film Award Competition

  • A Telugu short film 'Street Student' depicting the story of a street urchin with a strong message on right to education bagged the first prize in a competition organised by the National Human Rights Comments (NHRC). The NHRC had received a "record 190 entries" from people from various parts of the country.
  • 'Street Student' by Akula Sandeep was selected for the first prize worth Rs. 2 lakh in the seventh Short Film Award Competition. It is in Telugu with subtitles in English.
  • The film shows the story of a street urchin to send across a strong message on right to education and how the society needs to support it.
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BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Book "Fearless Governance" by Kiran Bedi

  • The book titled 'Fearless Governance' authored by Kiran Bedi was released. She is the former Lt Governor of Puducherry and IPS (retd). This book is based on the ground realities of nearly five years of service of Bedi as Lt. Governor of Puducherry and her vast experience of 40 years in the Indian Police Service.
  • The author demonstrates the right practises of responsible governance. She brought about team spirit, collaboration, financial prudence, effective policing, bonding in services and decision making through fearless leadership. 'Fearless Governance' is a book to read, see, hear and feel for good governance and leadership.
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