Direction: A PID controller output p(t), in time domain, is given by p (t) = 30 + 5e (t) + 1.25(t) dt + where e(t) is the error at time t. The transfer function of the process to be controlled is The measurement of the controlled variable is instantaneous and accurate.
The transfer function of the controller is (A) (B) (C) (D)
A pipeline system carries crude oil of density 800 kg/m3. The volumetric flow rate at point 1 is 0.28 m3/s. The cross-sectional areas of the branches 1, 2 and 3 are 0.012 m2, 0.008 m2 and 0.004 m2, respectively. All the three branches are in a horizontal plane and the friction is negligible. If the pressures at the points 1 and 3 are 270 kPa and 240 kPa, respectively, then the pressure at point 2 is