General Awareness

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - November 2025

Nov 2025

Feb 15, 2026

Mozambique Launches Digital e-Visa System for 183 Countries

Mozambique has launched a digital e-Visa system allowing travellers from 183 countries, including India, to apply online before departure. Part of a digital transformation and border modernisation programme, the platform is powered by VFS Global. The system aims to improve efficiency, transparency, and traveler convenience by enabling online document submission, online fee payments, and pre-approval via email. Visa issuance in advance shortens immigration processing on arrival, supporting tourism and potential investment. The move is expected to boost cross-border mobility and contribute to Mozambique’s broader economic development goals.

E-Visa system covers 183 countries including India
Part of digital transformation and border modernization
Powered by VFS Global
Online application, payment, and pre-approval available
Aims to boost tourism and investment

Feb 13, 2026

Caretaker government appointed ahead of April elections in Bulgaria

Following political deadlock, Bulgaria announced a caretaker government to oversee preparations for the upcoming elections in April. The President confirmed the appointment of a caretaker cabinet tasked with maintaining governance and ensuring a credible electoral process. Officials emphasised that the caretaker administration would focus on essential state functions, economic stability, and transparent administration during the transition. Political analysts note that the arrangement seeks to avoid further stalemate and to provide a clear path to the electoral cycle, as Bulgaria remains a member of the European Union and NATO amid regional security concerns.

Caretaker cabinet formed to oversee election preparations.
Emphasis on stability of essential state functions.
Aim to ensure credible and transparent electoral process.
Bulgarian context within EU and NATO considerations.

Bulgarian interim prime minister appointed to steer towards elections

Bulgarian President Iliana Yotova appointed central bank deputy governor Andrey Gyurov as interim prime minister to lead the caretaker government preparing for national elections slated for 19 April. The move aims to provide stability after repeated parliamentary deadlock and to organise a free and fair vote in a fragmented political landscape. Gyurov will propose a cabinet within seven days, with presidential approval and final election date confirmation to follow. The caretaker administration focuses on governance continuity, safeguarding critical functions and ensuring credible electoral processes amid ongoing political volatility in Bulgaria.

Andrey Gyurov appointed interim prime minister by the president.
Caretaker government to prepare for polls on 19 April.
Cabinet proposal due within seven days with presidential approval.
Aimed at stabilising governance amid political fragmentation.

Feb 12, 2026

NATO Launches Arctic Sentry Military Effort to Move Beyond Greenland Dispute

Brussels, 12 February 2026 — NATO launched Arctic Sentry, a label for national exercises in the Arctic region. The initiative signals allied readiness amid longstanding tensions linked to Greenland and Arctic security. Arctic Sentry is not a permanent operation and does not involve long‑term troop deployments under a single NATO banner. It follows earlier drills such as Denmark’s Arctic Endurance and Norway’s Cold Response. The aim is to improve coordination, intelligence sharing, and crisis response capabilities among seven allied nations and partners with Arctic interests.

NATO launches Arctic Sentry
Not a permanent operation; no permanent troops
Follows Denmark’s Arctic Endurance and Norway’s Cold Response
Aims to improve Arctic readiness and cooperation
Includes multiple allied nations with Arctic interests

Feb 10, 2026

First BRICS Sherpa Meeting begins in New Delhi under India’s chairship

On 9 February 2026, the first BRICS Sherpa Meeting began in New Delhi as part of India's ongoing chairship. Secretary for Economic Relations and India’s BRICS Sherpa Sudhakar Dalela outlined priorities under the theme Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability, with emphasis on people-centric approaches. India will chair BRICS for the fourth time in 2026, having previously held the post in 2012, 2016, and 2021. The meeting set the stage for exchanges on trade, development finance, science and technology collaboration, and regional connectivity. Delegates discussed ways to strengthen cooperation while respecting BRICS’ diverse interests. The outcomes may guide upcoming summits.

First BRICS Sherpa Meeting held in New Delhi on 9 Feb 2026
India’s chairship theme: Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, Sustainability
BRICS chair history: 2012, 2016, 2021, now 2026
Focus on trade, finance, science and tech collaboration, connectivity
Possible guidance for upcoming BRICS summits

Feb 09, 2026

RSS centenary celebrations mark a domestic milestone

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) marked its centenary with events in New Delhi on 7 February 2026, drawing participation from political leaders, business figures and cultural personalities. The gathering reflected on the organisation’s social initiatives and volunteer network over the decades. Organisers announced upcoming programs aimed at youth outreach and community service, underscoring the organisation’s continuing influence on public life. Analysts noted the celebration occurs amid broader debates on social policy and nation-building ahead of elections, with some observers urging clarity on the role of civil society bodies in public affairs.

Date: 7 February 2026, New Delhi
Attendees: political leaders, business figures, cultural personalities
Focus: centenary reflections, volunteer activities
Outlook: future outreach programs announced
Context: part of broader social policy discourse

Japan’s ‘Iron Lady’ Sanae Takaichi forges historic election win

Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s Liberal Democratic Party secured a historic election victory, delivering a two-thirds majority for the coalition with Ishin. The ruling bloc won 316 seats in the 465-seat lower house, while the coalition partner’s total rose to 352 seats. The result enables a swift passage of policy reforms, including tax cuts and increased defence spending, to counter regional challenges. Analysts expect a strong executive cadence but warn about managing a broad reform agenda with a slim opposition presence in parliament. The outcome marks a landmark moment in Japan’s political history and sets the stage for long-term policy direction.

Leader: Sanae Takaichi, LDP
Seats won: 316 of 465; coalition with Ishin at 352
Impact: two-thirds majority enabling reforms
Focus: tax cuts, defence spending, governance reforms
Political context: strengthened mandate for policy agenda

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