General Awareness

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - July 2021

Jul 2021

May 06, 2023

Scientists Discover Leftovers from the Universe's Very First Stars

Astronomers have not yet seen the universe's initial stars, but they are now beginning to discover the ruins of those first stars. Using the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO), researchers have discovered the fingerprints left by the explosion of the first stars in the cosmos for the first time.
Using data taken with ESO's VLT in Chile, the team found three very distant gas clouds, seen when the universe was just 10-15% of its current age, and with a chemical fingerprint matching what we expect from the explosions of the first stars.
Depending on the mass of these early stars and the energy of their explosions, these first supernovae released different chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, and magnesium, which are present in the outer layers of stars.

May 05, 2023

TCS to Develop its Own ChatGPT with Focus on Enterprise Code Generation

Country's largest IT firm, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is working to build its own ChatGPT-type tool. Chief operating officer of the company, N. Ganapathy Subramaniam said that TCS will use it for enterprise code generation.
The development work has begun and TCS is looking to collect large amounts of internal code, data, and resources. TCS already maintains a large repository of such data.
The tool will leverage in-house algorithms that use large language modelling functions, very much similar to what generative artificial intelligence chatbots like ChatGPT use. However, the solution TCS is building will focus on enterprise code generation.

May 04, 2023

AI 'Godfather' Geoffrey Hinton Quits Google

A man widely seen as the godfather of artificial intelligence (AI) quit his job, warning about the growing dangers from developments in the field.
Geoffrey Hinton announced his resignation from Google, saying he now regretted his work.
Hinton, alongside two other so-called godfathers of AI, bagged the Turing Award in 2018 for their trailblazing work in artificial intelligence.
The reason why Hinton handed over his resignation and walked out of Google is so that he can finally speak on the dangers of artificial intelligence, a tech that powers popular chatbots such as ChatGPT, Bing and more.

May 03, 2023

First Test Launch of New Low-cost Star Sensor Successfully Conducted

A new sensor developed to identify stars in the sky is performing well in the vacuum of space as it continues to function on the fourth stage of the PSLV-C55 mission. The StarBerrySense has been developed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics from off-the-shelf components.
On its maiden space test, the sensor was launched onboard the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) and began functioning after the deployment of the two primary and secondary satellites of the mission.
The low-cost sensor has been designed to quickly calculate where the satellite is pointing and provides the most accurate information about a spacecraft's orientation. Not only has StarBerrySense withstood the harsh conditions in space and is functioning as expected, but the initial data also shows that it is able to calculate the pointing direction.

May 02, 2023

NASA Successfully Extracts Oxygen from Lunar Soil

A team of scientists at NASA confirmed that there is oxygen on the airless world of the Moon as they extracted the life-sustaining element from lunar soil. The new milestone could go a long way in sustaining a longer mission on the Moon, which has no air. Scientists at the Johnson Space Center extracted the oxygen from simulated lunar soil in a vacuum environment, paving the way for astronauts to one day extract and use resources in a lunar environment. They said that this oxygen could not only be used for breathing but also as fuel for transportation.
The extraction was part of the Carbothermal Reduction Demonstration (CaRD), which was conducted in conditions similar to that on the Moon. The team created those environments by using a special spherical chamber with a 15-foot diameter called the Dirty Thermal Vacuum Chamber.

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