General Awareness

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - October 2019

Oct 2019

Sep 03, 2025

Israel Launches New Military Surveillance Satellite into Space

Israel launched its latest spy satellite into space from an undisclosed site.
The Ofek 19 satellite was built by state-run Israel Aerospace Industries (ISRAI.UL).
Ofek 19 is a highly advanced SAR (synthetic aperture radar) observation satellite with enhanced capabilities. Upon entering Earth's orbit, the satellite will undergo a series of designated tests to assess its integrity and performance.

Vikram�'3201: India's First Made�'in�'Bharat 32�'Bit Microprocessor

India took a major stride in its semiconductor journey with the unveiling of Vikram�'3201, the country's first "Made�'in�'Bharat" 32�'bit microprocessor. Presented by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw to Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Semicon India 2025 in New Delhi, this milestone underscores India's growing technological autonomy and ambition to become a global hub for chip manufacturing.
India launched the India Semiconductor Mission in 2021 to reduce dependence on foreign microprocessors. In just three and a half years, the country transitioned from being a major consumer to a producer of advanced chips.

Sep 02, 2025

Tiny Computer to Aid India's Hunt for Cosmic Dawn Signals

A compact single-board computer (SBC), no larger than a credit card, is poised to play a pivotal role in unlocking secrets of the Cosmic Dawn—the epoch when the first stars and galaxies began illuminating the universe. Developed by the Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru, this breakthrough is part of India's proposed PRATUSH mission to the Moon, aiming to detect one of the faintest radio signals ever observed.
PRATUSH (Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen) can help detect a faint radio signal emitted from hydrogen atoms (21-cm signal), which carries imprints of several events of the Cosmic Dawn. Capturing this signal is like hearing a whisper in a stadium full of noise because it is buried under interference, millions of times stronger than the signal itself.

Aug 31, 2025

Google Launches 'Nano Banana' AI Photo Editing Tool

Google officially unveiled its next-generation AI image editing tool, originally code named 'Nano Banana' and now released as Gemini 2.5 Flash Image. Developed by Google DeepMind, the tool brings unprecedented ease and creativity to image editing, enabling users to transform, remix, and merge photos using just natural language prompts.
The tool is available through the Gemini app, Google AI Studio, and Vertex AI, making it accessible for both everyday users and enterprise developers.

Aug 30, 2025

PM Modi Welcomes ISRO-JAXA Collaboration for Chandrayaan-5 LUPEX Mission

Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed the agreement between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for the Chandrayaan-5 mission under the Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) programme.
The LUPEX mission, jointly developed by ISRO and JAXA, aims to explore the moon's south pole and study its hidden resources, including water ice. Chandrayaan-5 will mark the fifth mission in India's Chandrayaan series.
Under LUPEX, the mission will be launched onboard JAXA's H3-24L rocket, carrying an ISRO-built lunar lander equipped with a Japanese rover. ISRO will also provide several scientific instruments for the mission.
Chandrayaan-5/LUPEX is expected to be a major milestone in India's long-term lunar roadmap, which envisions Indian astronauts landing on the Moon by 2040.

Aug 29, 2025

ISRO to Commence Construction of Launchpad at Second Spaceport

The Indian Space agency ISRO is all set to commence construction of a rocket launchpad at the country's upcoming second spaceport, close to the southern tip of the country. ISRO Chief V. Narayanan and top officials participated in the 'Bhoomi Puja', a pre-construction ritual, at the proposed launchpad site in Kulasekarapattinam, Tamil Nadu.
Currently, India's only spaceport is the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, located along the southeast coast of the country. The Kulasekarapattinam launch facility, which is expected to become operational in a few years, is about 650 kilometres south of the Sriharikota spaceport.
ISRO Chief V. Narayanan said that the new spaceport, spread across 2,300 acres, is meant to launch the ISRO-developed Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) and the space faring rockets being built by Indian start-ups.
The construction of the country's second launch complex is expected to be completed by December 2026.

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