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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - January 2019

Jan 2019

Apr 27, 2022

Hubble Spots Distant Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy

  • Ultra-diffuse galaxies are objects as large as our Milky Way Galaxy but with 100-1,000 times fewer stars. First discovered in 2015, they are extremely faint and lack star-forming gas, which makes them appear almost like a fluffy cosmic cloud. Their origins remain uncertain, but astronomers speculate that they could be 'failed' galaxies that lost their gas supply early in their lifetimes.
  • The new image of GAMA 526784 comes from a set of Hubble observations designed to shed light on the properties of ultra-diffuse galaxies. Hubble's keen vision allowed astronomers to study this galaxy in high resolution at ultraviolet wavelengths, helping to gauge the sizes and ages of the compact star-forming regions studding the galaxy. The color image was made from separate exposures taken in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS).

Key Components of DNA and RNA Found in Three Meteorites

  • Using state-of-the-art analytical techniques, researchers detected diverse suites of nucleobases — including canonical base pairs (e.g., adenine-uracil, guanine-cytosine, adenine-thymine) and some non-canonical ones (e.g. isoguanine-isocytosine and xanthine-2,4-diaminopyrimidine) — in three carbonaceous meteorites: the Murchison, Murray, and Tagish Lake meteorites.
  • Two types of chemical building blocks, or nucleobases, are needed to form DNA and RNA. These are the pyrimidines, which include cytosine, uracil and thymine, and the purines, for example guanine and adenine.
  • Thus far, only purine nucleobases and uracil have been identified in meteorites. However, Hokkaido University's Dr. Yasuhiro Oba and colleagues identified the final two nucleobases that have eluded scientists.

Apr 24, 2022

Bharti-backed OneWeb, ISRO Unit Sign Agreement for Satellite Launches

  • OneWeb, a company backed by the Bharti Group, and New Space India Limited, the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organisation, inked an agreement for satellite launches.
  • New Space's first launch is anticipated in 2022 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.
  • The launches will add to OneWeb's total in-orbit constellation of 428 satellites, which is 66 per cent of the planned total fleet, to build a global network that will deliver high-speed, low-latency connectivity.

Apr 22, 2022

Astronomers Find New Type of Star Explosion �" A Micronova

  • Astronomers detected a previously unknown type of stellar explosion called a micronova involving thermonuclear blasts at the polar regions of a type of burned-out star called a white dwarf after it has siphoned material from a companion star. Micronova is by far the least powerful type of star explosions now known -- less energetic than a blast called a nova in which a white dwarf's entire surface blows up and tiny compared to a supernova that occurs during the death throes of some giant stars.
  • Micronovae are observed from Earth as bursts of light lasting about 10 hours. They were documented on three white dwarfs - one 1,680 light years away from Earth, one 3,720 light years away and one 4,900 light years away. A light year is the distance light travels in a year, 9.5 trillion km.
  • The researchers discovered the micronovae when analysing data from NASA's TESS space telescope. They used the European Southern Observatory's Chile-based Very Large Telescope to confirm the explosions involved white dwarfs.

Apr 21, 2022

Astronomers Find New Type of Star Explosion �" A Micronova

  • Astronomers detected a previously unknown type of stellar explosion called a micronova involving thermonuclear blasts at the polar regions of a type of burned-out star called a white dwarf after it has siphoned material from a companion star. Micronova is by far the least powerful type of star explosions now known -- less energetic than a blast called a nova in which a white dwarf's entire surface blows up and tiny compared to a supernova that occurs during the death throes of some giant stars.
  • Micronovae are observed from Earth as bursts of light lasting about 10 hours. They were documented on three white dwarfs - one 1,680 light years away from Earth, one 3,720 light years away and one 4,900 light years away. A light year is the distance light travels in a year, 9.5 trillion km.
  • The researchers discovered the micronovae when analysing data from NASA's TESS space telescope. They used the European Southern Observatory's Chile-based Very Large Telescope to confirm the explosions involved white dwarfs.

Apr 20, 2022

A First, Himachal Begins DNA Database Creation

  • Himachal Pradesh has become the first state in the country to initiate creation of DNA database that will be of immense help in investigating heinous crimes, identification of disaster victims and unclaimed bodies, missing persons and habitual offenders. The Directorate of Forensics Services, Junga, has procured DNA profile databasing and matching technology (Smallpond TM software from the USA) at a cost of Rs. 55 lakh. It has a capacity of about 20,000 DNA profiles that can be scaled up further.
  • Local database of DNA profile information can be created and maintained with this facility that enables efficient matching of new DNA profiles with the existing ones in seconds. On average, 600 cases with biological evidence come for DNA profiling in the state every year.
  • The State Forensic Science Laboratory, Junga, is the first lab to acquire this technology and the facility is on a par with international standards.
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