General Awareness

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - September 2018

Sep 2018

Jun 16, 2019

Indian Innovators to Make AI Diagnosis Foolproof

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are driving growth in medical imaging, with deep-learning applications being integrated with radiology for faster and higher-precision diagnosis.
Algorithms mine raw data sets within seconds to classify and detect aberrations by reading images at efficiencies that humans can't match.
Even so, errors do happen in AI diagnoses. Now, a clutch of innovators in India are developing solutions that are making AI-based image diagnostics more accurate and helping resolve complex cases in a fraction of the time taken by clinicians.
Dr Vidur Mahajan, who heads a team of young scientists is working with global partners — research, academia and industry — to help modify machines to always get it right.
The team's latest project ready for market pending FDA 510(k) approval is GE Healthcare's Critical Care Suite, which has an AI that screens X-rays for pneumothorax (collapsed lung) and sends automated notification to the technologist/radiologist when there is a suspected critical finding.
This new technology assists clinicians to prioritise results that need immediate review, so that the patient gets immediate treatment faster, resulting in better outcomes, reduced costs and improved patient experience.
The global market for machine learning in medical imaging, comprising software for automated detection, quantification, decision support and diagnosis, is expected to cross $2 billion by 2023.
Apart from image processing and interpretation, AI applications include image acquisition and processing to aided reporting, follow-up planning, data storage, and data mining, among many others.

Jun 15, 2019

App to put an orchestra in living room

"NomadPlay" is all down to an algorithm which separates out the sound components of a score to remove any instrument as desired, fading out an oboe or piano part for instance, and allowing the home musician to join the fray.Clothilde Chalot and Hannelore Guittet started Digital Music Solutions in Paris five years ago. 'Their app can be downloaded for free that offers albums, ranging from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony to Schubert's Fantasia in F Minor.
The concept is similar to that of karaoke, where fans grab the mic to provide their own vocals to the original track. Yet the NomadPlay app is more elaborate.
First off, you can search by level — beginner, intermediate, experienced or expert — or by instrument, as well as by composer. You can increase or slow down the tempo, repeat a bar or part of a bar and even annotate the score.
The app is brimming with educational promise as it can help budding musicians "learn a work more quickly". For professionals, the system offers a "huge time gain" as "when you practise with the others, you already have the reflexes".
"This digitally-pushed evolution eliminated the frontier between creator/artist and consumer

App to Detect Twitter Bots in any Language

Researchers have developed a new application that uses Machine Learning to detect Twitter bots in any language.
The study shows that the application is able to detect auto-generated tweets independent of the language used.
This enhances the quality of data and paints a more accurate picture of the reality.
Twitter Bots are non-personal and automated accounts that post content to online social networks. It has been estimated that around 5 to 10% of all users are bots and these accounts generate about 20-25% of all tweets posted.

World's Highest Weather Station

Climate scientists have created a history by installing world's highest operating weather station at Mount Everest's Death Zone, including five other automated stations on other parts of the mountain.
Tom Matthews and Baker Perry, along with a crew of engineers, stood on the Mount Everest's flank at 27,650 feet (8,430 metres), and erected seven-foot- building of a weather station that can withstand extreme winds and cold weather.
The weather station will record data on temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed, and wind direction.
Besides, the new weather stations will also give scientists direct observations to understand jet stream, and will also help understand how the climate change is affecting the Himalayas.
The other five weather stations that are located in the Mount Everest are in Balcony area (8,430 m), South Col (7,945m) at Phortse (3,810 m), Everest Base Camp (5,315 m) and Camp 2 (6,464 m).

Jun 14, 2019

India Planning to Launch Own Space Station

Indian Space Research Organisation Chairman K. Sivan said that India would set up a space station, similar to the International Space Station, but smaller in size, in 5 to 7 seven years to conduct microgravity experiments in space, .
The space station, weighing 20 tonnes in weight, will be constructed once the 'Gaganyaan' human space missionis successfully completed.
According to Anurag Kumar Sinha, who heads the Directorate of Human Space Programme, the Indian space station would be stationed at an altitude of 400 kilometres from earth.
The project is still at a design stage and would entirely depend on the success of the 'Gaganyaan', which intends to put 2 or 3 Indian astronauts in space for a maximum of a week by the end of 2021.

Jun 13, 2019

Annual Report on Internet Trends

According to an annual report on internet trends by venture capitalist Mary Meeker, more than half the world's population is active on the internet, with India accounting for about 12% of them, retaining its second position.
China has the largest base, accounting for 21% of all internet users globally, and the US comes third at 8%.
The number of people active online in 2018 was approximately 3.8 billion, or 51% of the world's population.
The growth in internet users in India was driven by cut-price data plans introduced by Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd and cheaper smartphones.
According to Meeker, Reliance Jio has created a hybrid, online-to-offline commerce platform by integrating Reliance Retail's physical marketplace with Reliance Jio's digital infrastructure and services, thus doubling its growth in a year to a total of 307 million subscribers.

Mozilla to Bring Paid Subscription to Firefox

Mozilla, the maker of Open Source browser Firefox, is planning to offer a subscription service within Firefox that would offer users access to premium features like a Virtual Private Network (VPN) service and Cloud storage.
Chris Beard, CEO, Mozilla said that the company intends to begin offering the subscriptions starting October.
With this plan, Mozilla aims to develop "diverse sources of revenue" to avoid being heavily reliant on capital that comes from search companies that pay to be featured in the Firefox browser.

Jun 08, 2019

NASA Opening the Space Station

NASA executives announced that the space agency will open up parts of the International Space Station to more commercial opportunities, allowing companies unprecedented use of the space station's facilities, including filming commercials or movies against the backdrop of space.
NASA is also calling on the private space industry to send in ideas for habitats and modules that can be attached to the space station semi-permanently.
A new interim directive from NASA allows private companies to buy time and space on the ISS for producing, marketing, or testing their products.
It also allows those companies to use resources on the ISS for commercial purposes, even making use of NASA astronauts' time and expertise (but not their likeness).
If companies want, they can even send their own astronauts to the ISS, starting as early as 2020, but all of these activities come with a hefty price tag.
Russia is more open to ads and brandingon the ISS (as it was with the Mir space station) and has sent tourists to the ISS before.
But NASA has strictly prohibited the use of its side of the International Space Station for commercial purposes.

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