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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - March 2018

Mar 2018

Jun 20, 2020

India Will be United Nations Security Council President for August 2021

  • India, which has been elected as a non-permanent member of the Security Council, will serve as the president of the powerful 15-nation UN body for the month of August, 2021.
  • The presidency of the Council is held by each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the member states' names.
  • India will preside over the Council again for a month in 2022.
  • India, Norway, Ireland, Mexico and Kenya were elected as the non-permanent members of the UNSC for a two-year term beginning January 1, 2021.

Global Status Report on Preventing Violence Against Children 2020

  • According to the first report of its kind from the UN, half of the world's children — one billion every year — are affected by physical, sexual or psychological violence, suffering injuries and death because countries have failed to follow established strategies to protect them.
  • While nearly all countries (88%) have laws in place to protect minors, less than half (47%) say they strongly enforce them, said the Global Status Report on Preventing Violence Against Children 2020.
  • The report — launched by the World Health Organisation, the UNICEF, the UNESCO, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the End Violence Partnership — charted progress in 155 countries against the "INSPIRE" framework, a set of seven strategies for preventing and responding to violence against children.
  • The report signalled a clear need in all countries to scale up efforts to implement them. It included the first ever global homicide estimates specifically for children under 18 years of age — previous estimates were based on data that included 18 to 19-year olds.

India Second Major Driver of Global Energy Consumption in 2019 After China

  • According to the 69th edition of "Statistical Review of World Energy 2020", which collects and analyses energy data for 2019 , released by UK (United Kingdom) based oil and gas company BP plc, India was the 2nd major market after China to increase primary energy consumption in the year 2019.
  • India's position at total energy consumption: On the other hand, India's energy consumption in 2019 was the third largest (34.06 EJ-an increase of 2.3%) only after China (141.70 EJ) and United States (94.65 EJ). Despite, the rate of growth in energy consumption in the year 2019 has been slower than in 2018.

Jun 19, 2020

President of Kyrgyzstan Signs Decrees Appointing Members of Government

  • President of Kyrgyzstan Sooronbai Jeenbekov signed decrees on the appointment of members of the Government.
  • Taalaibek Temiraliev became the head of the Cabinet's Office, Chingiz Aidarbekov became the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kashkar Dzhunushaliev became the Head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Marat Dzhamankulov was appointed the Minister of Justice, Baktygul Jeenbaeva was appointed the Minister of Finance, and Sanzhar Mukanbetov was appointed the Minister of Economy and many more were appointed.
  • The Parliament of Kyrgyzstan approved the candidacy of Kubatbek Boronov for the post of head of the Cabinet, as well as the composition and structure of the Government. At least 105 deputies voted affirmatively.

Bozkir Elected President of 75th UN General Assembly

  • The UN General Assembly elected Turkish diplomat Volkan Bozkir to be its president ahead of the 75th General Debate in September.
  • In a secret ballot vote Bozkir, who was unopposed for the post, received 178 ballots in support as 11 nations abstained, Anadolu Agency reported.
  • Bozkir is currently serving as a Justice and Development (AK) Party lawmaker from Istanbul and head of the Turkish Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee.
  • He was elected to the Turkish legislature in 2011 following nearly 40 years in the foreign service that included posts in Germany, Iraq, New York and Romania.
  • Bozkir is the first Turkish national to head the General Assembly. He is expected to take office in September this year and hold the post for one year.

Jun 18, 2020

Myanmar Govt. Forms Tribunal to Probe China-funded City Project

  • Myanmar government's discomfort with China is on the rise. After Myanmar's auditor general in a startling announcement cautioned government officials about continued reliance on Chinese loans, the Myanmar government has formed a tribunal to investigate irregularities surrounding a controversial China-backed city development project near the Thai border in Karen State.
  • The project has been criticised due to a lack of transparency, land confiscations, confusion over the scale of construction and the growing influx of Chinese money as well as suspected illicit activity and local concerns about the social impacts of casino businesses.
  • The planned mega resort and city expansion project is controlled by the Karen State Border Guard Force, a Myanmar military-backed armed group led by Colonel Chit Thu and formerly known as the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA).

World Competitiveness Index 2020

  • According to the 32nd edition of edition of World Competitiveness Index 2020, which ranked performance of 63 economies across the globe, prepared by Switzerland-based International Institute for Management and Development (IMD)'s World Competitiveness Center (WCC), the Indian economy remained at 43rd position this year. While Singapore continues to occupy the first place in the list due to its strong economic performance comes from robust international trade and investment, employment and labor market measures.
  • Some of India's traditional weaknesses in terms of competitive power, such as weak infrastructure and inadequate investment in education, still persist.
  • India ranks next to China (20th rank) in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations, where Russia ranks 50th, Brazil 56th and South Africa 59th.
  • Even though India's Position remains unchanged in the 2020 list, it's performance has improved in areas such as long-term employment growth, current account balances, long-term employment growth, high technology exports, foreign exchange reserves, public spending on education, political stability and total productivity.

Nepal's Parliament Approves New Map

  • Nepal's upper house of Parliament unanimously voted to amend the Constitution to update the country's new political map, laying claim over three strategically key areas along the border with it.
  • India has already termed as "untenable" the "artificial enlargement" of territorial claims by Nepal after its Lower House of Parliament unanimously approved the new political map of the country featuring Lipulekh, Kalapani and Limpiyadhura areas which India maintains belong to it.
  • The National Assembly, or the Upper House of the Nepalese parliament, unanimously passed the Constitution amendment bill providing for the inclusion of the country's new political map in its national emblem.

Bill to Punish China over Crackdown on Uyghur Muslims

  • US President Donald Trump has signed into law a legislation that condemns the gross human rights violations of Uyghur minority groups in China's restive Muslim-majority Xinjiang region, paving the way for imposing sanctions against senior Chinese officials.
  • The Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act, 2020 holds accountable the perpetrators of human rights violations and abuses such as the systematic use of indoctrination camps, forced labour and intrusive surveillance to eradicate the ethnic identity and religious beliefs of Uyghurs and other minorities in China.
  • However, a section of the Act purports to limit his discretion to terminate inadmissibility sanctions under the Act.

Jun 17, 2020

India Ranked 43rd on IMD's World Competitiveness Index

  • India continues to remain ranked 43rd on an annual World Competitiveness Index compiled by Institute for Management Development (IMD) with some traditional weaknesses like poor infrastructure and insufficient education investment keeping its ranking low.
  • Singapore has retained its top position on the 63-nation list.
  • Denmark has moved up to the second position (from 8th last year), Switzerland has gained one place to rank 3rd, the Netherlands has retained its 4th place and Hong Kong has slipped to the fifth place (from 2nd in 2019).

North Korea Blows up Joint Liaison Office With South in Kaesong

  • North Korea has blown up a joint liaison office with the South near the North's border town of Kaesong.
  • The move comes just hours after the North renewed threats of military action at the Korean border.
  • The site was opened in 2018 to help the Koreas - officially in a state of war - to communicate. It had been empty since January 2020 due to Covid-19 restrictions.
  • In a statement, South Korea warned it would "respond strongly" if the North "continues to worsen the situation".
  • The destruction of the office, it said, "abandons the hopes of everyone who wanted the development of inter-Korean relations and peace settlement in the Korean Peninsula".

India Ninth-Largest Recipient of FDI in 2019 With $51 Billion: UN

  • India received $51 billion in foreign investment in 2019 and was the world's 9th largest recipient of foreign direct investments (FDI) in 2019, according to a report by the UN's trade body.
  • The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) said in a report on Monday that a lower but positive economic growth in India in the post-Covid-19 pandemic period and India's large market will continue to attract market-seeking investments to the country.
  • The World Investment Report 2020 by the UNCTAD said that India was the 9th largest recipient of FDI in 2019, with $51 billion dollars of inflows during the year, an increase from the 42 billion dollars of FDI received in 2018, when India ranked 12 among the top 20 host economies in the world.

North Korea Blows up Joint Liaison Office With South in Kaesong

  • North Korea has blown up a joint liaison office with the South near the North's border town of Kaesong.
  • The move comes just hours after the North renewed threats of military action at the Korean border.
  • The site was opened in 2018 to help the Koreas - officially in a state of war - to communicate. It had been empty since January 2020 due to Covid-19 restrictions.
  • In a statement, South Korea warned it would "respond strongly" if the North "continues to worsen the situation".
  • The destruction of the office, it said, "abandons the hopes of everyone who wanted the development of inter-Korean relations and peace settlement in the Korean Peninsula".

India Ranked 43rd on IMD's World Competitiveness Index

  • India continues to remain ranked 43rd on an annual World Competitiveness Index compiled by Institute for Management Development (IMD) with some traditional weaknesses like poor infrastructure and insufficient education investment keeping its ranking low.
  • Singapore has retained its top position on the 63-nation list.
  • Denmark has moved up to the second position (from 8th last year), Switzerland has gained one place to rank 3rd, the Netherlands has retained its 4th place and Hong Kong has slipped to the fifth place (from 2nd in 2019).

PM of Kyrgyzstan Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev Resigns From Post

  • Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev has resigned from the post.
  • He resigned due to citing an ongoing criminal investigation into the assignment of national radio frequencies.
  • The Kyrgyz parliament raised the issue of the offer of radio frequencies, which was trailed by various representatives requesting Abylgaziev demonstrate his honesty against charges of debasement.
  • He was delegated as a leader by President Sooronbai Jeenbekov in April 2018.

Jun 16, 2020

Afghan Govt. and Taliban To Meet In Doha

  • Afghanistan's government and the Taliban have agreed that Doha will be the venue for the first meeting in their peace talks. The talks, known as the intra-Afghan dialogue, will be the first high-level meeting between the two sides after years of fighting. No date has been announced for the meeting, but it is expected to take place after the two sides settle differences on the release by the Afghan government of 5,000 Taliban prisoners.

Trump Confirms Plans to Cut Troops in Germany

  • US President Donald Trump has confirmed plans to withdraw 9,500 American troops from bases in Germany.
  • He accused Germany of being "delinquent" in its payments to NATO, and said that he would stick with the plan unless Berlin changed its course.
  • Mr. Trump has long complained that European members of NATO should spend more on their own defence.
  • Germany's ambassador to the US said US troops were not there to defend Germany but defend transatlantic security.
  • Emily Haber added that Berlin had been informed of the plan.

India Leads "Verified" Initiative of United Nations

  • India with 12 other countries lead the "Verified" initiative launched by the United Nations, to fight the spreading of misinformation about COVID-19 with fact-based accurate information.
  • The initiative is led by the United Nations Department of Global Communication(DGC) with an aim to provide facts about COVID-19 in the digital space.
  • This will provide information on the following three themes:Science – to Save lives, Solidarity – to promote local and global cooperation and Solution – to advocate for support to impacted population.
  • The initiative recruits information volunteers – "Digital first responders" who will receive daily feeds on verified facts and will spread the information to counter the misinformation.
  • This collaboration of the world's leading social mobilisation organisation and supported by IKEA foundation and Luminate.

India Becomes Founding Member of Global Partnership for Artificial Intelligence

  • India joined international and multi-stakeholder initiative Global Partnership for Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) on artificial intelligence as its founder member.
  • By joining GPAI as a founding member, India will actively participate in the global development of Artificial Intelligence, leveraging upon its experience around use of digital technologies for inclusive growth.
  • This body is supported by Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris.
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