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General Awareness

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - March 2016

Mar 2016

Jul 09, 2020

Maldives and Sri Lanka First Two Countries in South-East Asia to Eliminate Rubella and Measles Ah...

  • According to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) South East Asian Region (SEAR) office, Maldives and Sri Lanka were verified to eliminate both measles and rubella, making them the first two countries in the WHO South-East Asia region to achieve beyond their 2023 target.
  • This was announced after the 5th meeting of the South-East Asia Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination, which comprises of 11 independent international experts in the fields of epidemiology, virology and public health, held virtually.
  • Maldives had reported cases of measles in 2009 and rubella in October 2015, on the other hand, Sri Lanka had reported cases of measles in May 2016 and rubella in March 2017.
  • All the 11 member countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, East Timor, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, North Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand) of the South-East Asia region of WHO set year 2023 as a target to fight measles and rubella in September 2019.
  • Whereas since 2014, the focus was on eradicating measles and controlling rubella and work on it was started.
  • It is to be noted that, a country is considered to have eliminated measles and rubella when there is no evidence of endemic transmission of the viruses for more than three years and there is a well- performing surveillance system.

Australia Suspends Hong Kong Extradition Treaty

  • Australia has suspended its extradition treaty with Hong Kong in response to fears over a new national security law imposed by China.
  • Prime Minister Scott Morrison said that the new law undermined "Hong Kong's own basic law" and the territory's current level of autonomy from Beijing.
  • Australia planned to extend visas for Hong Kong residents and encourage businesses there to relocate.
  • China has criticised the move as "gross interference" in its domestic affairs.
  • Since the law was enacted last week, Canada has also suspended its extradition treaty, while the UK has offered citizenship options to Hong Kong residents.
  • Critics say the law makes it easier to punish protesters and critics of the Chinese government.
  • Hong Kong's government says the law is required to bring order to a city that saw mass pro-democracy protests last year that often turned violent.

US Announces Visa Restrictions for Chinese Officials

  • US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced visa restrictions for a certain group of Chinese officials under the Reciprocal Access to Tibet Act.
  • Beijing has continued systematically to obstruct travel to the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) and other Tibetan areas by US diplomats and other officials, journalists, and tourists, while Chinese officials and other citizens enjoy far greater access to the United States.
  • Access to Tibetan areas is increasingly vital to regional stability, given the Chinese human rights abuses there, as well as Beijing's failure to prevent environmental degradation near the headwaters of Asia's major rivers.
  • Pompeo said that the US will continue to work to advance the sustainable economic development, environmental conservation, and humanitarian conditions of Tibetan communities within China and abroad.

Jul 08, 2020

Pakistan, Afghanistan and China Hold Talks

  • A day after India participated in a digital meeting of 20 regional countries on promoting peace in Afghanistan, Pakistan held a foreign secretary-level trilateral talks with Afghanistan and China. Afghan President Ashraf Ghani singled out PM Narendra Modi for providing Covid-related assistance.
  • China and Pakistan appreciated the efforts by the Ghani government and "relevant parties" (Taliban) for exchange of the prisoners. They also hailed WHO's role in combating Covid.

Beijing Security Office Opens in Hong Kong

  • A new national security office has been officially opened in Hong Kong, placing mainland Chinese agents in the heart of the territory for the first time.
  • The office is one element of a sweeping new law which outlaws criticism of China's government.
  • Hong Kong was, until the law was passed, the only part of China not subject to such policies.
  • The law has caused alarm in Hong Kong but officials say it will restore stability after violent protests.
  • Chief Executive Carrie Lam said that it was actually relatively mild as far as national security laws are concerned and would enable Hong Kongers to exercise their rights and freedoms without being intimidated and attacked.
  • The temporary base of the new office is a hotel in Causeway Bay, the commercial district next to Victoria Park, which had long been the focal point of pro-democracy protest marches and rallies in Hong Kong.

US Withdrawal from WHO will come into Effect from July 2021

  • As per the United Nations, the United States will leave the World Health Organization (WHO) on July 6, 2021, after receiving notification of the decision by President Donald Trump, who has accused the agency of becoming a puppet for China during the coronavirus pandemic.
  • Trump, who announced the decision over a month ago, has to give one-year notice of the US withdrawal from the Geneva-based body and pay all Washington`s dues under a 1948 joint resolution of the US Congress. The United States currently owes WHO more than $200 million in assessed contributions, according to the WHO website.

India Rises One Place in JLL's 11th Edition of the Global Real Estate Transparency Index 2020

  • According to the 11th edition of the 'Global Real Estate Transparency Index 2020', which covers 99 countries and territories and 163 cities, released by US based property consultant Jones Lang LaSalle's (JLL), India has improved by one place to 34th with a total score of 2.69 under 'semi-transparent' zone. Regulatory reforms, better market data and sustainability initiatives led to a one-point improvement in the nation's ranking.
  • The United Kingdom (UK) has topped the list with a score of 1.31 followed by the United States (1.35 points), Australia (1.39 points), France, Canada, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden and Germany.
  • India's neighbouring country Sri Lanka ranks 65th position while Pakistan is at 73rd position.

Jul 07, 2020

INFORM Risk Index 2020 for Humanitarian Crises and Disasters

  • In accordance with the "INFORM Report 2020:Shared evidence for managing crises and disasters" released in 2020 by research centre INFORM, operating under European Commission (EU), India was ranked at 31st place with an inform risk of 5.4, means risk of humanitarian crises and disasters . The report ranked the countries based on "INFORM Risk Index" which has been topped by Somalia with an inform risk of 8.9. The report has analyzed 191 countries.
  • Notably, this report is produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA) on behalf of all INFORM Partners.
  • It is the first global, objective and transparent tool for understanding the risk of regions based upon crises and disasters. A higher figure means more exposure to risks. The report considers the following while framing the index:
  • Natural Factors: Tsunami, Earthquake, Drought, Flood, Epidemic and Tropical Cyclones
  • Human Factors: Human Conflicts and conflict risks
  • Socio-Economic factors: Inequality, vulnerable people, deprivation and aid dependency
  • Institutional: DRR, Governance
  • Infrastructure: Communication, Physical infrastructure, Access to health system
  • INFORM is a multi-stakeholder forum for developing shared, quantitative analysis relevant to humanitarian crises and disasters. INFORM is a collaboration of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and the European Commission.
  • The Joint Research Center of European Commission is the scientific and technical lead for INFORM.

India Ranks 117th in SDG Index 2020

  • In accordance with the "Sustainable Development Report 2020- The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid-19", comprising of SDG index 2020, there will be severe negative impacts on most of the United Nations (UN)-mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to COVID-19 pandemic. India, which has ranked at 117th position with a score of 61.92 is also facing major challenges in 10 of the 17 SDGs including zero hunger, good health, gender inequality among others. The index has been topped by Sweden.
  • The report contains data on changes over time in 17 SDG indicators, the future of the SDGs amidst Covid-19, as well as calculations for trajectories until 2030.
  • The 2020 report reviewed the performance of 193 UN Member States out of which 166 were ranked under SDG index 2020. The top 3 countries are Sweden (84.72), Denmark (84.56) and Finland (83.77).
  • As per 2020 report COVID-19 had negatively affected several SDGs including:
  • SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and wellbeing), SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) and SDG 10 (reduced inequalities)
  • Meanwhile, the pandemic had brought "immediate relief" in following SDGs:
  • SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land)
  • Since its launch in 2016, this annual report provides the most up-to-date data to track and review the performance of all 193 UN member states on the 17 SDGs.

Hong Kong Police Get Sweeping Powers

  • Hong Kong administration released additional details of China's sweeping new national security law.
  • Under China's new legislation, crimes of secession and sedition will be punishable by up to life in prison, stoking concerns of a much more authoritarian era in a city which has been racked by anti-China protests for the past year. Authorities will have the power to enter and search places for evidence. They can also restrict people under investigation from leaving Hong Kong.
  • It may also allow for confiscation of the proceeds related to any offence endangering national security. It will require foreign and Taiwan political organisations and agents to provide information on activities concerning Hong Kong.
  • Meanwhile, Facebook, WhatsApp and Telegram said that they will deny law enforcement requests for user data in Hong Kong as they assess the impact of the new national security law enacted last week.

Jul 06, 2020

Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike Wins Another Term

  • Tokyo Gov Yuriko Koike won a second term to head the Japanese capital, propelled to an election victory by public support for her handling of the coronavirus crisis despite a recent rise in infections that has raised concerns of a resurgence of the disease.
  • In her victory speech, Koike, the first woman to lead Tokyo, pledged to continue to take measures to protect the city's 14 million people amid the pandemic, calling it her most pressing task.
  • As per Japanese public broadcaster NHK exit polls showed that 74% of respondents supported Koike, with 63% saying they approved of her handling of the coronavirus crisis.

Rapper Kayne West to Run for US President

  • International Rapper and Hip Hop artist, Kayne West announced that he will be running for the post of President of the United States .
  • The US Presidential Elections are scheduled for November 2020. Though both the main parties -the Republic and Democrats have announced their official candidates, nominations are still open in many states. So, yes Kayne West can run for US Presidential Race.
  • However, a long hurdled path awaits West, as he will have to start his Presidential campaign from scratch now for an election that is scheduled in November, which is very less time. Trump who is seeking re-election, and unopposed Democrat candidate Joe Biden have already started work on their respective Presidential campaigns.
  • Kayne West will also need to qualify for ballot access across 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as build a new political organization from scratch without the support of any party. There is no clarity yet whether West seriously plans to run for Presidency this year or if he has done any official paperwork for his election bid.

Jul 05, 2020

Petro Poroshenko Accuses Volodymyr Zelenskyof Hosting Russian Fifth Column

  • Ukraine's ex-president Petro Poroshenko accused his successor, Volodymyr Zelensky, of pursuing him in the courts out of a desire for "revenge".
  • Mr. Poroshenko marched with several thousand of his supporters to a pre-trial hearing in Kyiv last week.
  • He is facing more than 20 different investigations on what he says are politically-motivated charges.
  • Mr. Poroshenko told the BBC his election defeat had led to pro-Russian figures returning to key posts in government.
  • For the past six years Kyiv has been fighting a mostly low-level conflict against separatist forces backed by Russia in eastern Ukraine.

China Has Border Dispute with Bhutan Too

  • China officially stated for the first time it has a boundary dispute with Bhutan in the eastern sector, a development with significant implications for India as the region borders Arunachal Pradesh, which is also claimed by Beijing.
  • As per the Chinese foreign ministry, the China-Bhutan boundary has never been delimited and there have been disputes over the eastern, central and western sections for a long time. A third party should not point fingers in the China-Bhutan border issue – an apparent reference to India.
  • Bhutan and China have held 24 rounds of talks between 1984 and 2016 to settle their border issue and, according to discussions in the Bhutanese parliament and other public records of these meetings, the discussions have only centred on disputes in the western and central sections of the boundary.

China Has Border Dispute with Bhutan Too

  • China officially stated for the first time it has a boundary dispute with Bhutan in the eastern sector, a development with significant implications for India as the region borders Arunachal Pradesh, which is also claimed by Beijing.
  • As per the Chinese foreign ministry, the China-Bhutan boundary has never been delimited and there have been disputes over the eastern, central and western sections for a long time. A third party should not point fingers in the China-Bhutan border issue – an apparent reference to India.
  • Bhutan and China have held 24 rounds of talks between 1984 and 2016 to settle their border issue and, according to discussions in the Bhutanese parliament and other public records of these meetings, the discussions have only centred on disputes in the western and central sections of the boundary.
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