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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

01 Mar 2026

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Pakistan launches Ghazab lil-Haq operation against Afghanistan amid border tensions

Pakistan has launched a major cross-border offensive against Afghanistan under the operation Ghazab lil-Haq. The action follows months of clashes over allegations that Afghan forces shelter Pakistani militants. Reports describe precision airstrikes on key Afghan cities and military sites, with Pakistan portraying the strikes as a decisive response to border threats. Islamabad characterized the operation as an escalation toward an open conflict, signaling a shift in regional security dynamics. The development raises civilian risk and international concern, prompting calls for restraint and renewed dialogue to prevent further deterioration of stability along the shared border.
  • Operation name: Ghazab lil-Haq; date linked to late February 2026.
  • Reason: accusations of Afghan-based groups sheltering attackers from Pakistan.
  • Tactics: precision airstrikes on cities and military sites.
  • Characterization: Pakistan calls it an escalation toward an 'open war'.
  • Impact: heightened regional instability and civilian risk.
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ENVIRONMENT

International Polar Bear Day 2026 highlights Arctic threat to polar bears

International Polar Bear Day 2026 was observed on 27 February to highlight climate change and shrinking Arctic sea ice, which threaten polar bear populations. The observance is organized by Polar Bears International, a global conservation group focused on protecting polar bears and their Arctic habitat. The date aligns with a period when mother polar bears and their newborn cubs retreat to snow dens, a time these animals are especially vulnerable. Scientists warn that ongoing sea-ice loss reduces access to seals, the bears’ primary prey, increasing energy stress and the risk of mortality. Advocates urge stronger greenhouse gas reductions, better protection of denning sites, and continued Arctic monitoring to support survival.
  • Date of observance: 27 February 2026.
  • Organized by Polar Bears International.
  • Issue: climate change and shrinking Arctic sea ice threaten polar bears.
  • Vulnerable life stage: mothers with cubs denning in snow.
  • Consequences: reduced prey access leading to energy stress and higher mortality.
  • Calls to action: stronger emissions cuts and protection of denning areas.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Hindustan Oil Exploration Company names Baroruchi Mishra as CEO, effective 1 April 2026

Hindustan Oil Exploration Company (HOEC) announced a leadership transition with Baroruchi Mishra named the new Chief Executive Officer, effective 1 April 2026. The board approved the change as part of its succession plan and strategic roadmap for growth in oil and gas exploration. The appointment is expected to bolster management focus on production performance, operational efficiency, and long‑term energy expansion. Mishra will steer ongoing projects and potential partnerships while ensuring continuity of operations. The company stated that the transition aligns with its goals for sustainable growth and enhanced stakeholder value during a period of industry volatility and price cycles.
  • CEO appointment: Baroruchi Mishra, effective 1 April 2026.
  • Organization: Hindustan Oil Exploration Company (HOEC).
  • Reason: part of board-approved succession planning.
  • Focus areas: production, efficiency, energy expansion.
  • Implication: aims for continuity and future growth in exploration.

IndiGo CEO Pieter Elbers resigns; Rahul Bhatia to oversee operations

IndiGo announced that Chief Executive Officer Pieter Elbers has resigned from the post with immediate effect for personal reasons. The board appointed Rahul Bhatia, a former group promoter, as interim chief executive to oversee day-to-day operations while a search for a permanent replacement proceeds. The move follows a phase of flight cancellations and regulatory scrutiny that affected the airline’s performance. The interim leadership will focus on stabilizing operations, restoring passenger confidence, and maintaining service quality. No timeline was provided for selecting a new CEO, and further updates are expected as the company conducts its global leadership search.
  • Executive change: Pieter Elbers resigns as IndiGo CEO.
  • Interim leadership: Rahul Bhatia named interim CEO.
  • Context: ongoing recovery from flight cancellations and scrutiny.
  • Focus: stabilize operations and restore customer confidence.
  • Next steps: search for permanent replacement; timelines not disclosed.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

New Impatiens nagorum species described from Nagaland

Botanists have formally described a new flowering plant species, Impatiens nagorum, from Nagaland in northeastern India. The species was discovered in Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary in Kiphire district and described in the journal Phytotaxa. The research team included scientists from Kohima Science College, Nagaland University, the University of Warsaw, and the Botanical Survey of India. Impatiens nagorum belongs to a genus commonly known as balsams or touch-me-nots, with striking purple flowers and a height of up to 35 cm. The plant was recorded at an elevation of 2,336 metres in moist temperate broadleaf forests, highlighting Nagaland’s rich biodiversity and the region’s underexplored flora.
  • Species name: Impatiens nagorum.
  • Location: Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary, Kiphire district, Nagaland.
  • Discovery: described in Phytotaxa by a multi-institution team.
  • Family/genera: Impatiens (balsams/touch-me-nots).
  • Morphology: purple flowers, up to 35 cm tall.
  • Elevation: 2,336 metres; habitat in moist temperate broadleaf forests.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Cabinet approves Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0 with Rs 8.8 lakh crore outlay

The Union Cabinet approved Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0, authorizing an outlay of 8.8 lakh crore rupees to enhance rural drinking water services. The new phase emphasizes service delivery over mere infrastructure creation, aiming to improve governance, accountability, and execution across states. The plan supports expanded water distribution networks, better monitoring, and community participation to ensure sustainable access to safe drinking water. This policy alignment with broader rural development goals seeks to strengthen water security amid climate variability and growing demand, with implementation timelines and state-level responsibilities defined to accelerate progress and measure outcomes.
  • Outlay: Rs 8.8 lakh crore for Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0.
  • Focus: shift from infrastructure to service delivery.
  • Objectives: governance improvements, monitoring, accountability.
  • Scope: rural drinking water across states.
  • Context: climate variability and water security considerations.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

India launches nationwide free HPV vaccination for 14-year-old girls

India’s Union Health Ministry announced a nationwide HPV vaccination program for 14-year-old girls, offered free at government health facilities on a voluntary basis. The vaccine used is Gardasil, a quadrivalent formulation protecting against HPV types 16 and 18, as well as types 6 and 11. Officials estimate about 1.15 to 1.2 crore doses will be required annually to cover girls turning 14 each year. Global and Indian data suggest that a single-dose schedule can provide durable protection in the target age group. The program aims to reduce cervical cancer burden and align with WHO elimination targets, with state-level implementation and monitoring to ensure coverage.
  • Target group: girls turning 14 annually.
  • Vaccine: Gardasil quadrivalent, free at government facilities.
  • Estimated annual doses: ~1.15–1.2 crore.
  • Evidence: single-dose protection supported by global and Indian data.
  • Goal: reduce cervical cancer burden and meet WHO elimination goals.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Supreme Court backs Uniform Civil Code, urges legislative action

In a landmark development, the Supreme Court signalled support for a Uniform Civil Code, signaling that Parliament should consider reforms to personal law to promote equality. The Court cautioned that scrapping Shariat law entirely could create a legal vacuum, underscoring the need for a carefully calibrated approach. The decision intensifies the public policy debate on personal laws and invites legislative action to address areas where discrimination may persist. Legal experts noted that any UCC legislation would require broad consensus and careful balancing of constitutional rights and religious freedoms, with Parliament responsible for drafting balanced reform that respects diverse beliefs while advancing equal rights.
  • Judicial stance: Supreme Court supports Uniform Civil Code discussion.
  • Caution: avoid creating a legal vacuum by not discarding Shariat law entirely.
  • Policy implication: Parliament to consider reforms to personal law.
  • Judicial view: need for careful, consensus-driven legislation.
  • Legal considerations: balancing rights with religious freedoms.
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