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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

22 Oct 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Sanae Takaichi Becomes Japan's First Woman Prime Minister

  • Sanae Takaichi was elected as Japan's first female Prime Minister, shattering one of the world's most enduring political glass ceilings. She secured 237 votes in the 465-seat Lower House of Parliament, becoming Japan's 104th Prime Minister, succeeding Shigeru Ishiba, who resigned following electoral setbacks.
  • Takaichi's rise not only represents a symbolic victory for gender representation but also signals a sharp ideological pivot to the right in Japanese politics, aligning closely with the legacy of her mentor, former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.
  • A known conservative and a long-time member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Takaichi has modelled much of her political outlook on Margaret Thatcher and Shinzo Abe. She has consistently advocated for,
  • Stricter immigration policies
  • Traditional family values
  • A tougher national security stance
  • Reinterpretation of Japan's pacifist constitution

Trump, Albanese Sign Critical Minerals Deal to Counter China

  • In a move to bolster Western supply chain resilience and curb China's dominance in critical minerals, U.S. President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed a wide-ranging critical minerals agreement at their first formal summit in the White House. The agreement establishes a new $8.5 billion mineral supply pipeline, with both nations pledging $1 billion each over the next six months toward mining and processing infrastructure for key minerals like lithium, nickel, and rare earth elements, vital for defence, technology, and clean energy sectors.
  • The partnership outlines,
  • Minimum price floors for critical minerals to stabilise the market
  • Permitting reforms to speed up mining and processing projects
  • Joint efforts on geological mapping, mineral recycling, and security-based asset protection
  • Provisions to prevent foreign (especially Chinese) acquisitions of critical mineral assets on national security grounds

Union Minister Jayant Chaudhary Leads Knowledge Exchange Mission to Philippines

  • Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Education, Jayant Chaudhary, led a high-level Knowledge Exchange Mission to the Philippines from October 20–22, 2025, facilitated by the World Bank.
  • The Indian delegation included senior officers from the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and representatives from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana.
  • The mission featured strategic engagements with key Philippine institutions such as the Department of Migrant Workers (DMW), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), and the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA).
  • The visit is aimed at fostering knowledge exchange and sharing best practices in areas related to skills development, labour mobility, and data-driven policy frameworks.
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ENVIRONMENT

India Rises to Ninth Position Globally in Forest Area, Retains Third Spot in Annual Forest Gain

  • India climbed to the ninth position globally in total forest area, according to the Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 released by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in Bali.
  • Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav announced the achievement, noting that India also retained its 3rd position worldwide in annual forest area gain, reaffirming the country's steady progress in sustainable forest management.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

India Launches First-Ever State Mining Readiness Index

  • In a move to modernise India's mineral governance, the Ministry of Mines released the first-ever State Mining Readiness Index (SMRI) and State Rankings for 2025. Announced as part of the Union Budget 2025–26, this index aims to benchmark States on how efficiently and sustainably they manage their non-coal mineral resources, ushering in a new era of transparency, accountability, and competition in the mining sector.
  • The SMRI is rooted in three key goals,
  • Promote healthy competition among States to improve mining governance and operational efficiency.
  • Improve transparency and ease of doing business in mineral auctions and mine development.
  • Encourage sustainability, ensuring that mining aligns with India's climate and social responsibilities.

Tata Trusts Makes Venu Srinivasan Trustee for Life

  • Tata Trusts unanimously reappointed Venu Srinivasan as a trustee for life, and all eyes are now on the upcoming decision regarding Mehli Mistry's renewal, amid reported internal divisions within the organisation.
  • The reappointment of Srinivasan, ahead of his term expiring on October 23, came amid reports of a vertical split within Tata Trusts — with one faction said to align with Noel Tata, who took over as Chairman following Ratan Tata's death, and the other comprising those seen as loyalists of the former doyen.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Chandrayaan-2 Detects Solar Impact on Moon's Exosphere

  • In a major scientific achievement, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) confirmed that its Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter has made the first-ever direct observation of how solar activity, specifically Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), impacts the Moon's exosphere. This landmark discovery offers unprecedented insight into lunar space weather and the dynamics of the Moon's extremely thin atmosphere.
  • Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are massive bursts of plasma and magnetic field released from the Sun's corona, comprising mainly Hydrogen and Helium ions.
  • When these ejections reach planetary bodies, they can have significant effects—on Earth, they interfere with satellites and power grids.
  • On the Moon, which lacks both an atmosphere and a global magnetic field, the effects are even more direct and profound.
View Month Wise

SPORTS

Verstappen Wins US Grand Prix, F1 Title Race Heats Up

  • The Formula 1 United States Grand Prix 2025 delivered high drama and shifting championship dynamics as Max Verstappen stormed to his third win in four races, tightening the gap in a now fierce three-way title battle. McLaren's Lando Norris finished second, cutting his teammate Oscar Piastri's lead in the standings and setting up a thrilling final stretch with five Grand Prix and two sprint races remaining.

Morocco Stuns Argentina to Win Historic U-20 World Cup

  • Morocco made history by defeating Argentina 2-0 in the Under-20 FIFA World Cup final in Chile, capturing the nation's first World Cup title at any level. The North African nation capped off a phenomenal tournament run with a commanding victory over one of football's traditional powerhouses. This win not only marks Morocco's emergence as a global football force but also positions them as a key player in youth development on the world stage, becoming the first African team since Ghana in 2009 to win the U-20 World Cup.
  • The hero of the night was Yassir Zabiri, a rising talent currently playing for FC Famalicão in Portugal's Primeira Liga. Zabiri scored both goals in the first half, delivering a performance that stunned a heavily favoured Argentine side.

India's Tanvi Sharma settles for silver at Badminton World Junior Championships

  • Indian shuttler Tanvi Sharma's quest for gold at the BWF World Junior Championships ended as she lost to Thailand's Anyapat Phichitpreechasak in the women's singles final.
  • Tanvi became the third Indian female shuttler to reach the tournament final, following former world No.1 Saina Nehwal and Aparna Popat. She lost 7-15 12-15 to the second-seeded Thai player.
  • Tanvi secured India's first silver medal at the World Junior Championships in 17 years. Previously, only Saina had won gold in 2008 and silver in 2006, while Aparna claimed silver in 1996.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Bathou Religion Gets Separate Census Code in Assam

  • In a move ahead of the upcoming national census, the Bathou religion, practiced by the Bodo community of Assam, was granted a separate code—a first-time recognition of its religious identity at the national level. This official acknowledgment marks a significant step toward preserving and promoting the cultural and spiritual heritage of one of Northeast India's most prominent indigenous groups.
  • The announcement of a distinct census code for Bathou religion has been welcomed as a historic and long-overdue recognition.
  • Previously, followers of Bathou were often grouped under the umbrella of 'Others' in census records, which led to a lack of visibility for their distinct identity.
  • Promod Boro, leader of the United Peoples' Party-Liberal (UPPL) and former Chief Executive Member of the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), expressed gratitude to Union Home Minister Amit Shah for fulfilling a long-standing demand.

CPSEs and Autonomous Bodies under Ministry of Heavy Industries Participates Special Campaign 5.0

  • Inspired by the Prime Minister's vision to institutionalise Swachhata and reduce pending matters in government, the Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI), along with its Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) and Autonomous Bodies (ABs), is actively participating in the 5th consecutive year of the Special Campaign for Disposal of Pending Matters (SCDPM) 5.0 till October31, 2025.
  • Implementation of cleanliness activities identified during the Preparatory phase of Special campaign 5.0, wasn inspected by Secretary, MHI along with senior officers of the Ministry. A report of the daily progress is being monitored by a dedicated team and uploaded in the SCDPM portal hosted by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.

India Formally Upgrades Its 'Technical Mission' in Kabul to Embassy

  • India announced the upgrading of its diplomatic presence in Afghanistan from the status of a technical mission in Kabul to a full-fledged embassy as part of its engagement with the Taliban while stopping short of a formal recognition of the regime that came to power in August 2021.
  • The formal announcement from the external affairs ministry came less than a week after Taliban foreign minister Amir Khan Muttaqi concluded his visit to India, the first by a senior member of the group. Following talks with Muttaqi, external affairs minister S. Jaishankar had said India would upgrade its diplomatic role in Kabul.
  • India withdrew its officials from and shuttered all its missions in Afghanistan after the Taliban seized power in 2021. India re-established its diplomatic presence in Kabul in June 2022 by deploying a "technical team" headed by a middle-ranking diplomat.
View Month Wise

DEFENCE

The Second Edition of Indian Navy's Commanders' Conference

  • The second edition of Indian Navy's biannual Commanders' Conference 2025 is being held in New Delhi from October 22 to 24, 2025. The Conference assumes greater significance in the backdrop of 'Operation Sindoor' and the Navy's high tempo of operations and combat preparedness. The Navy's focus on enhancing combat capabilities, interoperability, and joint Operations with Indian Army, IAF, and ICG underscores its resolve to deter emerging threats and showcase maritime prowess in the IOR and Indo-Pacific.
  • The conference serves as a platform for close interaction with national leadership and bureaucrats, and fine tune Navy's outlook towards mitigating multi-dimensional challenges in current geo-strategic environment.
  • The conference also features addresses by the Chief of Defence Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff and embedded discussions with senior naval leadership. Interactions would aim for harnessing synergy in joint planning and execution of operations and optimising resources for capability enhancement.
View Month Wise

PERSONS IN NEWS

Veteran Actor and Comic Legend Asrani Passes Away

  • Actor Govardhan Asrani, popularly known as Asrani, known for his comic timings, died at the age of 84.
  • Asrani's contribution to the field of comic acting has been invaluable. Over several decades, he gave Hindi cinema many memorable characters and carved a special place in the hearts of the audience.
View Month Wise

AWARDS AND HONOURS

Masako Nozawa Becomes First Voice Actor Honoured by Japan

  • In a landmark moment for the anime and entertainment industry, Masako Nozawa, the legendary voice behind Son Goku from the Dragon Ball franchise, was selected as one of the 2025 Persons of Cultural Merit honourees in Japan. This makes her the first voice actor ever to receive this prestigious cultural award, marking a turning point in the recognition of voice acting as an integral part of Japanese culture.
  • The award ceremony will take place on November 3, 2025, at The Okura Tokyo hotel, where Nozawa will be honored alongside other prominent cultural figures including manga creator Keiko Takemiya, actor Min Tanaka, and playwright Hideki Noda.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Nagaland University Researchers Find Plant Compound to Treat Diabetic Wounds, Foot Ulcers

  • Researchers at Nagaland University identified a naturally occurring plant compound called 'Sinapic acid' as a powerful therapeutic agent that can significantly promote wound healing in patients with diabetes.
  • A diabetic wound is a slow-healing sore, most often a foot ulcer. Also known as diabetic foot, it raises the risk of nerve damage (neuropathy), poor blood circulation, infections, and, in severe cases, amputation.
  • The study demonstrated that oral administration of Sinapic acid can accelerate diabetic wound healing in preclinical models.
  • Sinapic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant found in various edible plants. The research established that the compound works by activating the SIRT1 pathway, which plays a crucial role in tissue repair, angiogenesis, and inflammation control.
  • The discovery marks a major advancement that could lead to safe, natural, and effective treatments for diabetic wound management.
View Month Wise

LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Law Ministry Increases Notary Limits in Four States

  • To ensure wider access to essential legal documentation services, the Ministry of Law and Justice notified the Notaries (Amendment) Rules, 2025, significantly increasing the maximum number of notaries in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Nagaland. The move aims to meet the surging demand for notary services due to expanding administrative units and growing population pressures. The notification, issued under G.S.R. 763(E) on October 17, 2025, modifies the existing Notaries Rules, 1956, by exercising powers granted under the Notaries Act, 1952.
  • The amendment directly increases the sanctioned strength of notaries in the four states as follows,
  • Gujarat: Raised from 2,900 to 6,000
  • Tamil Nadu: Increased from 2,500 to 3,500
  • Rajasthan: Expanded from 2,000 to 3,000
  • Nagaland: Doubled from 200 to 400
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