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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

08 Oct 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Army General Named as Madagascar PM

  • Madagascar's embattled President Andry Rajoelina appointed Gen Ruphin Fortunat Zafisambo as the new Prime Minister in a bid to end youth-led protests against his rule.
  • Coming days after the President expressed fears of a coup attempt, the general's appointment marks a significant militarisation of the government and appears to be an attempt by Rajoelina to secure the army's backing at a time of heightened tensions.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

PhonePe Partners with Mastercard to Launch Device Tokenisation, Unveils Smart Pod for Card and UPI Payments

  • PhonePe announced a partnership with Mastercard to roll out ecosystem-wide device tokenisation on its payments gateway, making digital transactions more seamless and secure for users.
  • In addition to the tokenisation launch, PhonePe also introduced the Smart Pod--an all-in-one payment device for merchants.
  • The PhonePe Smart Pod combines the features of the PhonePe Smart Speaker with features of a card terminal. It accepts card payments and UPI payments from the same terminal. It will allow customers to pay with a card at smaller outlets.

FM Launches Foreign Currency Settlement System at GIFT City

  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched a foreign currency settlement system at GIFT International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) during Global Fintech Fest-2025.
  • The new system enables real-time transaction settlements, improves liquidity management, and ensures compliance, reducing the typical 36-48 hours lag for foreign currency transactions. With this, GIFT City joined elite financial hubs such as Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Manila — all of which have local currency settlement infrastructure.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PM Modi Inaugurate India Mobile Congress 2025, Asia's Largest Tech and Telecom Event

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the ninth edition of the India Mobile Congress (IMC) at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, marking the start of Asia's largest technology and telecom event.
  • The four-day event, organised jointly by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), run from October 8 to 11 under the theme "Innovate to Transform". It aims to highlight India's growing leadership in digital transformation and next-generation connectivity.
  • Key focus areas at IMC 2025 include emerging technologies such as 6G, quantum communications, semiconductors in telecom, optical networks, and cyber fraud prevention.
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SPORTS

Sanju Samson Named EPL Ambassador for India

  • In a first-of-its-kind appointment, Indian cricketer Sanju Samson was named the official ambassador for the English Premier League (EPL) in India. The move marks a major step in the EPL's strategy to expand its presence in the Indian subcontinent by leveraging local sports icons with pan-India appeal.
  • Sanju Samson's new role aims to bridge India's cricketing passion with the growing interest in international football, especially among youth and urban sports fans. The EPL has chosen Samson for his,
  • Strong social media reach
  • Proven track record as a sportsperson
  • Deep-rooted interest in football, especially as a lifelong Liverpool FC fan
  • He will now act as a liaison between Indian fans and the EPL, participating in outreach events, brand campaigns, and fan engagement programs.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

A First, CRPF Gets Charge of Vice-President's Security

  • For the first time, the CRPF is handling the security of Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan, a responsibility it has taken over from the Delhi Police, which has been given the duty of only access control outside his residence.
  • As per reports, the CRPF is responsible for security inside the Vice-President's residence, which includes the main complex of his residence and the place of stay.
  • The Delhi Police, which earlier was in charge of the VVIP's residential complex, has been given the responsibility of access control, which includes the entry and exit gates and car passage clearance and the security outside the Vice-President's residence.
  • The CRPF was given this responsibility on the basis of threat inputs received by the Ministry of Home Affairs and after consulting with multiple agencies, added the sources.

India Builds World's Highest Motorable Road at 19,400 Ft in Ladakh

  • India has set a new benchmark in high-altitude infrastructure with the construction of the world's highest motorable road in eastern Ladakh. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has laid a route across Mig La Pass at an altitude of 19,400 feet (5,913 metres), overtaking the agency's own record at Umling La. The road, part of the Likaru-Mig La-Fukche alignment, links the Hanle region with Fukche village near the Line of Actual Control (LAC). The feat was executed under Project Himank by a team led by Brigadier Vishal Srivastava. To mark the completion, the Indian national flag and the BRO flag were hoisted at the windswept pass.
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DEFENCE

Rajanth Singh Inaugurates National Conference on Defence Manufacturing in New Delhi

  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated a national-level conference on 'Opportunities in Defence Manufacturing in the Country' at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
  • Organised under the aegis of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence (MoD), the conference aimed to provide a focused platform for strengthening coordination between the MoD and State/Union Territory governments. The objective is to align regional industrial policies and infrastructure development with the national goal of achieving self-reliance in defence manufacturing.
  • During the event, the Defence Minister launched the new Defence Exim Portal, designed to streamline the issuance of export and import authorisations. In addition, the Srijan DEEP (Defence Establishments and Entrepreneurs Platform) portal, a digital repository mapping the capabilities and products of Indian defence industries, was also unveiled.

DRDO Releases Indian Radio Software Architecture Standard for Military Communication

  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) released an Indian radio software architecture to enable interoperability in military communication.
  • The defence ministry described the launch as a "defining step" in India's journey towards self-reliance in defence communication technologies.
  • The Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) is a comprehensive software specification for software defined radios (SDR).
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DAYS AND EVENTS

India Celebrates 93rd Air Force Day

  • The Indian Air Force (IAF) celebrated its 93rd Air Force Day on October 8, 2025, showcasing the strength, discipline, and modernisation of India's aerial defence forces. The day is a tribute to the men and women of the IAF and highlights their operational readiness, technological advancements, and humanitarian contributions.
  • On this occasion, Chief of Defence Staff, General Anil Chauhan, Army Chief, General Upendra Dwivedi, Navy Chief, Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi and Air Force Chief, Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh paid tributes to the bravehearts at the National War Memorial in New Delhi.
  • This year, the IAF Day 2025 was held at the Hindon Air Force Base in Ghaziabad.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Nobel Prize in Physics 2025

  • Scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for 'the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit', the award-giving body said.
  • This year's Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.
  • All three winners are based in the United States.
  • The Nobel physics prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and includes a prize sum totalling 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million) that is shared among the winners if there are several, as is often the case.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Uttarakhand Minority Edu Bill Gets Government Nod

  • The Madrasa Board will be abolished and a uniform law will govern all minority educational institutions as Uttarakhand Governor Lt. Gen. Gurmeet Singh (Retd.) gave his assent to the Uttarakhand Minority Education Bill, 2025.
  • Under the Bill, educational institutions belonging to other minority communities, such as Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, Christian and Parsi, will also receive minority educational institution status in the state, along with those belonging to the Muslim community.
  • With the implementation of this Bill, the Madrasa Education Board Act, 2016, and the Non-Government Arabic and Persian Madrasa Recognition Rules, 2019, will expire on July 1, 2026.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Doon Defence Dreamers Creates History: 710+ NDA-II 2025 Selections

  • Setting a new national benchmark, Doon Defence Dreamers (DDD)-India's leading institute for NDA coaching in Dehradun achieved an extraordinary milestone of 710+ written selections in NDA/NA (II) 2025. This marks the highest single-session result in the academy's journey since its inception in 2014.
  • For every aspirant who dreams of serving the nation, this moment stands as a symbol of hope, discipline, and the power of structured preparation. Beyond the numbers, this record reflects DDD's teaching excellence, transparent system, and nationwide trust that makes it one of the best NDA coaching institutes in India.

Eco-friendly Wheat Straw Tableware Developed by IIT-Roorkee Researchers

  • As North India gears up for another stubble-burning season, a recurring environmental challenge that chokes Delhi and nearby regions with smog, scientists at IIT-Roorkee have introduced a promising alternative that addresses two pressing issues at once: crop residue management and plastic waste.
  • A team led by Professor Vibhore Kumar Rastogi from the Department of Paper Technology at IIT-Roorkee's Saharanpur campus developed biodegradable, disposable tableware made from wheat straw, a common agricultural by-product often burned after harvest. This marks India's first successful attempt to transform wheat straw into eco-friendly tableware.
  • The innovation has already cleared industrial trials at an Aurangabad-based company, indicating strong potential for large-scale production. The research group also includes postdoctoral fellow Rahul Ranjan and PhD scholar Jasmine Kaur.

UGC Approves 101 Universities for Online & Distance Learning in 2025

  • The University Grants Commission (UGC) approved 101 universities and 20 Category-I institutions to offer open and distance learning (ODL) programmes for the academic year 2025-26, to be commenced in July-August.
  • In a push towards digital education, the commission also authorised 113 universities to conduct online courses. Additionally, 13 institutions received clearance to launch specialised online learning (OL) programmes. The Commission announced October 15 as the final date for student admissions into recognised ODL and online programmes.
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