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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

07 Jul 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Jennifer Geerlings-Simons Becomes Suriname's First Woman President

  • Suriname's Parliament elected Jennifer Geerlings-Simons as the country's first female President. This historic decision came at a time when the nation is facing economic problems. Her election is a key moment in Suriname's political history, and people hope she will help improve the country's financial situation.
  • She was elected by Suriname's National Assembly, which chooses the President through a two-thirds vote. She ran unopposed, meaning no one else stood against her, as her party had already formed a strong coalition to win power.

Elon Musk Launches New Political Party in the US

  • Elon Musk, the billionaire businessman, announced the launch of a new political party called the America Party. This comes after public fallout with former US President Donald Trump, making the move even more significant.
  • Earlier, Musk was a close supporter of Donald Trump. He even joined election rallies and was part of Trump's administration. But their relationship turned sour when Musk left his government role in May 2025. He strongly criticized Trump's new spending and tax plans, which Musk believes will increase the US budget deficit by more than $3 trillion. One big reason for Musk's disappointment is that the new law offers no benefits for electric vehicles or green energy — areas Musk is deeply involved in through his company Tesla.
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ENVIRONMENT

EU Sets New 2040 Climate Target with Flexibility

  • The European Union (EU) revealed its much-awaited plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040, compared to 1990 levels. The plan is part of the EU's bigger goal to become carbon neutral by 2050. However, to get support from all countries, the EU added some flexibility to the plan, which has sparked debate.
  • To win support from some member countries that are unsure about the target, the plan allows them to use carbon credits—starting from 2036—to cover up to 3% of their emission cuts. These credits would be used to finance climate-friendly projects outside Europe, like tree planting or renewable energy.
  • This idea has upset climate groups, who say it creates a loophole and takes away focus from cutting emissions inside Europe. Groups like WWF EU and experts such as Neil Makaroff warn that this move may weaken Europe's green efforts and shift investment away from the continent.

Indonesia's Mt Lewotobi Laki-Laki Volcano Erupts

  • Indonesia's Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki erupted, spewing an ash cloud around 18 kilometres tall. This is the third time Laki-Laki has erupted this year (till July 2025).
  • Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki is a 1,584-metre-high twin-peaked volcano on the tourist island of Flores in eastern Indonesia.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Eternal Appoints Aditya Mangla as CEO of Food Ordering and Delivery

  • Eternal, the parent company of food delivery aggregator Zomato, announced the appointment of Aditya Mangla as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of its food ordering and delivery business.
  • Mangla took over the role from Rakesh Ranjan, who completed a two-year stint as CEO of the food ordering and delivery business.

Sahil Kini New CEO of RBI Innovation Hub

  • Sahil Kini was appointed as the new CEO of the Reserve Bank Innovation Hub (RBIH). This appointment follows a long search process that saw over 400 candidates applying for the top job. The RBIH is an important part of the Reserve Bank of India's plan to boost financial technology innovation in the country.
  • Sahil Kini takes over the leadership from Rajesh Bansal, who served as the founding CEO of RBIH for four years. Under Bansal, the hub launched important initiatives like the Frictionless Credit platform and the Swanari program, which aimed to make financial services more accessible to women.
  • The Reserve Bank Innovation Hub was set up in 2022 as a fully owned arm of the Reserve Bank of India, located in Bengaluru.

World Bank ranks India 4th among the world's Most Equal Societies

  • World Bank placed India among world's Most Equal Societies. According to the World Bank, India's Gini Index stands at 25.5, making it the fourth most equal country in the world, after the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Belarus. The Gini Index is a simple yet powerful way to understand how income, wealth or consumption is equally distributed across households or individuals in a country.
  • India falls into the "moderately low" inequality category, which includes Gini scores between 25 and 30. India is only a fraction away from joining the "low inequality" group, which includes countries like the Slovak Republic with a score of 24.1, Slovenia at 24.3, and Belarus at 24.4. Apart from these three, India has a better score than all the other 167 countries for which the World Bank has released data.
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SPORTS

Lando Norris Wins Rainy British Grand Prix

  • Lando Norris won the British Grand Prix at Silverstone in a dramatic and rainy race. This was a special win for Norris, who grew up dreaming of winning at his home track. His victory also helped him close the gap in the championship race against his teammate Oscar Piastri.

Rishabh Pant Scripts World Record Surpassing Ben Stokes

  • Rishab Pant during the 2nd Test against England continued his endeavours to entertain fans with his six-hitting prowess on the fourth day of the second Test in Birmingham. In his quick-fire 65 from 58 deliveries, Pant smoked the ball into the stands thrice and broke England captain Ben Stokes' record for hammering the most sixes in Test format in an away country.
  • Pant boasts 24 sixes in Tests in England, the most for any batter in the format in an away country, surpassing Stokes' 21 in South Africa. West Indies legend Vivian Richards follows in the third spot with a tally of 16 in England.

Indian Contingent Clinches 11 Medals its Best ever Medal Haul at the World Boxing Cup - Astana, Kazakhstan

  • Women boxers led India's to glory as three of them — Sakshi (54kg), Jaismine (57kg) and Nupur (80+kg) — registered contrasting victories to bag gold medals as the Indian contingent clinched its best ever medal haul at the World Boxing Cup – Astana, Kazakhstan 2025.
  • The Indian contingent finished with 11 medals, including three gold, five silver and three bronze medals. India had bagged six medals in the first leg in Brazil, including a gold and a silver.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

PM Modi in Argentina, First Bilateral Visit by an Indian PM in 57 Years

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on a two-day visit of his five-nation tour that aimed to reinforce India's engagements with the Global South and focus on strengthening ties with the South American country.
  • This was the first bilateral visit to the South American country by an Indian Prime Minister in 57 years, and is thus historic.
  • PM Modi had previously visited the country in 2018 to attend the G20 Summit.
  • PM Modi held wide-ranging talks with President Javier Milei to further boost the India-Argentina partnership in key areas including defence, agriculture, mining, oil and gas, renewable energy, trade and investment.

Himanta Sarma Launches 'Bodoland Speaks' To Promote Peace in Region

  • Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma inaugurated 'Bodoland Speaks: From Vision to Action', an initiative of the Bodoland Territorial Council under Bodoland Happiness Mission to promote peace in the region. At the programme, he announced that all government notifications will be translated into Bodo language in all 13 districts where people of the community reside.
  • Sarma also conferred Bodoland Lifetime Achievers Award on 18 personalities who contributed immensely to the enrichment of folk cultures in the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR).

Himachal Becomes First State to Use Face ID for Ration

  • Himachal Pradesh became the first state in the country to introduce Aadhaar-based face authentication (FaceAuth) for the distribution of ration to eligible beneficiaries under the Public Distribution System (PDS).
  • Until now, authentication was carried out using either OTP-based or biometric methods. However, frequent challenges such as SMS delivery failures and biometric mismatches at the UIDAI end were causing inconvenience to the beneficiaries.
  • With the launch of the FaceAuth mechanism, the process has now been streamlined and made more accessible.
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DEFENCE

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Inaugurate Controllers' Conference 2025

  • The Defence Accounts Department (DAD) is hosting the Controllers' Conference 2025 from July 7 to 9 at the Dr. S. K. Kothari Auditorium, DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi.
  • The conference was inaugurated by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, in the presence of top military and civilian leadership including Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan, the three service chiefs, Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh, Financial Adviser (Defence Services), S. G. Dastidar, and Controller General of Defence Accounts Mayank Sharma, marking it as a key platform for shaping the future of India's defence financial architecture.
  • A flagship forum for policy dialogue, strategic review, and institutional innovation, the Controllers' Conference brings together top leadership from DAD, the civil service, academia, think tanks, and stakeholders across the defence and finance sectors.
  • The theme of this year's conference, 'Transforming Financial Advice, Payment, Audit and Accounting through Defence Finance and Economics,' reflects a paradigm shift within the department, repositioning DAD from a finance & accounts body to a future-ready institution focused on Defence Finance and Economics.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

Global Forgiveness Day

  • On July 7 each year, people worldwide observe Global Forgiveness Day, a profound reminder of the transformative power of forgiveness in fostering peace, healing wounds, and promoting reconciliation.
  • This day was first established in 1994 by the Christian Embassy of Christ's Ambassadors in Canada. It was originally called Forgiveness Day, and it was renamed Global Forgiveness Day when it gained popularity around the world.

World Chocolate Day

  • World Chocolate Day, observed annually on July 7, celebrates the delight and indulgence of chocolate. The day commemorates the introduction of chocolate to Europe in the 16th century, perhaps around the 1550s. It was first commemorated in 2009 to highlight chocolate's rich heritage, which stretches back to the Aztec period, circa 1400 BC.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Modi Honoured with Symbolic 'Key to the City of Buenos Aires'

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi received a special honour in Argentina — the 'Key to the City of Buenos Aires'.
  • Jorge Macri, the city's chief official, presented him with this symbolic gift during his two-day visit. The key represents friendship and trust between the two countries.

Deepika Padukone Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star

  • Deepika Padukone became the first Indian actress to be honoured with a Hollywood Walk of Fame star. This is a big achievement, not only for Deepika but also for India, as it puts Indian talent on the global map.
  • The Hollywood Walk of Fame is one of the most famous honours in the entertainment world. Every year, a group of stars from film, music, TV, and more are selected to get a star on the sidewalks of Hollywood Boulevard, USA. This year (2025), Deepika was announced as one of the 35 selected names for the Class of 2026.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Poverty-Free Village Scheme

  • Rajasthan government launched the Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Poverty-Free Village Scheme.
  • Under this scheme, an amount of Rs. 300 crore has been sanctioned with the aim of bringing all the Below Poverty Line families of the identified villages above the poverty line.
  • In the first phase of the scheme, the government will cover 5,000 villages, offering development initiatives, self-employment opportunities, skill enhancement programs, and financial assistance, along with support in education and healthcare.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Tamil Nadu the First State to Adopt TB Death Prediction Model

  • Tamil Nadu become the first state in the country to implement a model which predicts the probability of deaths among adults with Tuberculosis and has integrated it with the existing state-wide application TB SeWA, which triages them at diagnosis.
  • The predictive model, developed by ICMR's National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE), aims to reduce the average time from diagnosis to hospital admission for severely ill TB patients, thereby bringing down the mortality rate further.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

For the First Time, SC Introduces OBC Quota for Staff Recruitment

  • The Supreme Court for the first time introduced reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in the recruitment of its staff.
  • This came after the top court came out with a roster specifying the post-wise quota for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in matters of recruitment and promotion.
  • The Chief Justice of India, in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (2) of Article 146 of the Constitution, amended Rule 4A of the Supreme Court Officers and Servants (Conditions of Service and Conduct) Rules, 1961.

Bombay High Court Launches Live Streaming of its Proceedings

  • Chief Justice of India (CJI) B. R. Gavai launched live streaming of Bombay High Court proceedings.
  • The service is available for hearings/proceedings before five benches of the High Court.
  • The first 5 benches selected to mark the beginning of live streaming are:
  • 1. Chief Justice Alok Aradhe and Justice Sandeep V. Marne
  • 2. Justice R. P. Mohite-Dere and Justice Dr. Neela Kedar Gokhale
  • 3. Justice M. S. Sonak and Justice Jitendra Shantilal Jain
  • 4. Justice Ravindra V. Ghuge and Justice M. M. Sathaye
  • 5. Justice A. S. Gadkari and Justice Rajesh S Patil
  • The hearings of Gujarat High Court, Karnataka High Court, Gauhati High Court, Calcutta High Court, Telangana High Court, Orissa High Court and certain other courts are already being live streamed on YouTube.
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