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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

21 Aug 2023

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

WHO South-East Asia Region Commits to Enhancing Efforts to End Tuberculosis, Adopts Gandhinagar Declaration

  • The WHO South-East Asia Region, which bears a disproportionate burden of nearly half of the global TB cases and deaths committed to further accelerate efforts to end tuberculosis by 2030 with its member countries adopting the Gandhinagar Declaration. Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director WHO South-East Asia, said in her address to a ministerial meeting on "Sustain, Accelerate, and Innovate to end TB in the South-East Asia Region".
  • The Gandhinagar Declaration was adopted at the end of the two-day meeting held to follow-up on the progress made to end TB, a flagship priority in the region, and in the run-up to the UN High Level Meeting on TB on September 22 in New York.
  • The declaration calls for establishing high-level multi-sectoral commission reporting to the highest political level in each country for synergy of efforts among various stakeholders, and to monitor progress towards ending TB and other priority diseases. The WHO regional director said, adding that during the COVID-19 pandemic, TB infrastructure was rapidly deployed for infection diagnosis and containment.
  • The declaration calls for ensuring appropriate adoption and use of science and technology for equitable and human rights-based TB services that are accessible to all, irrespective of any social, cultural, or demographic divide, through an integrated, primary health care approach.
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ENVIRONMENT

A New Snake Species Named after Harrison Ford

  • Researchers from Germany, the United States and Peru named a newly discovered species of snake after actor Harrison Ford.
  • Ford famously played Indiana Jones, who himself had some perilous encounters with snakes.
  • The German Society for Herpetology and Herpetoculture (DGHT) announced the naming of Tachymenoides harrisonfordi to recognise the Hollywood actor's environmental advocacy.
  • Ford's namesake snake measures 16 inches (40.6 centimetres) in length and is yellowish-brown with scattered black blotches, a black belly and a vertical streak over its copper-coloured eye.

Jitendra Singh Unveils New Lotus Variety 'Namoh 108'

  • Union Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh unveiled a new variety of lotus flower with 108 petals, named "Namoh 108", developed by the city-based National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI).
  • The "NBRI Namoh 108" lotus variety flowers from March to December and is the first flower whose genome is completely sequenced for its characteristics.
  • Considering the religious importance of the lotus flower and 'the digit 108', this combination gives an important identity to this variety.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Godrej Security Gets Central Vista Project

  • Whether it's scanners, vehicle access control, people access control, or barriers, India's upcoming Central Vista Avenue is set to have the influence of Godrej Security Solutions in ensuring safety and security. The company secured a significant deal to oversee the premises security of this iconic project.
  • This mega project is anticipated to be a catalyst, boosting the company's revenue by 18 per cent this financial year to Rs. 1,000 crore, up from Rs. 850 crore in the previous financial year. Godrej Security Solutions, one of the largest players in the transition from mechanical locks to technology-led integrated digital security systems, is part of the Rs. 12,000-crore Godrej and Boyce conglomerate.

YES Bank Launches New Mobile Banking App 'iris'

  • Private lender YES Bank introduced its state-of-the-art mobile banking app 'iris'.
  • Designed to cater to both existing and new customers, the app offers access over 100 features and services in just a few clicks on a single platform.
  • The iris app has a sleek and intuitive user interface that aims to offer a simplified banking experience for users of all age groups, and backgrounds.
  • It also ensures the safety of the customers' financial data by incorporating best-in-class safety features like biometric authentication, SIM binding as well as a two-factor verification.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Russia's Luna-25 Mission Ends in Failure

  • Russia's eagerly anticipated lunar mission, the Luna-25, suffered a significant setback as the spacecraft veered out of control and crashed onto the Moon surface. The failure is a poignant reminder of the unpredictable challenges inherent in space exploration, emphasizing that even the most advanced technology is susceptible to failure.
  • The Luna-25 mission was an ambitious undertaking by Russia, aimed at landing a spacecraft on the Moon's south pole. This region garnered intense scientific interest due to its potential to contain water ice, a precious resource for future lunar endeavours. Beyond its scientific objectives, the Luna-25 also served as a preliminary step towards more advanced lunar missions, setting the stage for future missions that would gather and return lunar soil samples to Earth.
  • The last successful landing of a Russian spacecraft on the Moon occurred in 1976, marking a substantial gap in the country's lunar exploration endeavours.
  • Despite the disappointing outcome of the Luna-25 mission, Russia remains undeterred in its commitment to lunar exploration. The country's space agency is poised to launch the Luna-26 and Luna-27 missions in the coming years.
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SPORTS

Sprinter, Asian Games Medallist Dutee Chand Faces Four-year Ban for Doping

  • India sprinter Dutee Chand has been banned for four years after failing two out-of-competition dope tests.
  • She was tested for selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in December 2022. Her ban period is effective from January 3, 2023. This means she will be out of action till January 3, 2027.
  • The ban would also mean that she has to forfeit her medals, points and prizes from the date her sample was collected, which was December 5, 2022.
  • "All the competitive results obtained by the athlete from the date of her sample collection shall stand disqualified," the Anti Doping Disciplinary Panel (ADDP) chairperson, Chaitanya Mahajan, said in its order.

FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Spain Wins the Title with 1-0 Victory over England

  • Spain secured its first ever Women's World Cup title with a 1-0 win over England at the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup final in Sydney. The win marked a historic FIFA Women's World Cup campaign for Spain who previously failed to make it past the Round of 16. Making it to the final after knockout wins over Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden, was already a first for Spain with the victory in the final cause for an even bigger celebration.
  • Spain's first major international trophy made it the first European team to win the Women's World Cup since Germany in 2007.In addition, Spain's victory makes it only the second nation to have won both the men's and the women's World Cups. The other nation is Germany, who won the men's World Cup in 1974 and 1990, and the women's World Cup in 2003 and 2007.

AFI Chief Adille Sumariwalla Elected to World Athletics Executive Board

  • Adille Sumariwalla was elected as one of the four vice presidents of World Athletics, the highest post ever held by an Indian in the global track and field governing body. Sumariwalla, who is the president of the Athletics Federation of India (AFI), received the third-highest number of votes cast during the WA elections in Budapest, Hungary. He will serve a four-year term.
  • In his new role as vice president, Sumariwalla will be responsible for helping to shape the future of athletics at the global level. He will also be involved in decision-making on a range of issues, including the development of the sport, anti-doping, and the World Championships. The other three vice presidents elected were Ximena Restrepo (Colombia), Raul Chapado (Spain), and Jackson Tuwei (Kenya).
  • Sumariwalla is a former Olympian who competed in the 100 meters at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. He has been president of the AFI since 2012 and has been a member of the WA Council since 2015.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

'India's First Village Atlas' is of Maem in Goa

  • Goa Chief Minister Pramod Sawant released a biodiversity atlas of Maem village in North Goa, which he termed as "India's first village atlas".
  • This atlas gives a socio-cultural history of Maem village that dates back to 12th century.
  • Chief Minister Pramod Sawant made a heartfelt plea to the younger generation, urging them to step up in safeguarding biodiversity, and provided reassurance of the state government's support in accomplishing this vital objective.

Sukhu Declares Entire State as Natural Calamity-affected Area

  • The Himachal Pradesh government declared the massive damage caused by heavy rains as a state calamity.
  • The entire hill state was declared as a 'natural calamity affected area' in view of the damage caused to human life and property due to heavy rains, a government notification said even as Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu claimed that they were awaiting a response from the Centre to declare the disaster Himachal Pradesh as a national calamity.
  • Principal Secretary (Revenue) Onkar Chand Sharma said that after the weather becomes normal and accessibility is improved, a complete assessment of the losses incurred by the hill state would be conducted and the report will be submitted to the Centre for recovery and reconstruction efforts.

Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya Launches the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH)

  • Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launched the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH), a World Health Organization (WHO)-managed network, with the aim of consolidating the evidence and amplifying the gains in global digital health.
  • The GIDH will promote equitable access to digital health by addressing challenges such as duplication of efforts and "products-focused" digital health transformation. Its key components will leverage existing evidence, tools and learnings and will be co-created through a transparent and inclusive process.
  • Eventually, the GIDH will aim to align efforts to support the Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020–2025 (an ongoing WHO project), quality-assured technical assistance to develop and strengthen standards-based and interoperable systems aligned to global best practices, and facilitate the use of quality assured digital transformation tools that enable governments to manage digital health transformation.
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DEFENCE

DIHAR Working to Provide Fresh Food to Army at Ladakh

  • People living in the arid land of Ladakh will be able to grow fresh vegetables around the year as scientists have developed a new greenhouse model, a passive solar greenhouse, for farming.
  • The model, developed by a team of scientists of the Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), was displayed at the Ladakhi Kisan Jawan Vigyan Mela, an inter-unit garden competition organized by DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation).
  • DIHAR, established in 1960, was tasked to find ways to meet the fresh food requirement of the soldiers deployed in the harsh terrain of Ladakh. Researchers from DIHAR led by senior scientist Tsering Stobdan developed the new model of the Ladakh greenhouse, a passive solar greenhouse.
  • The new method eliminates the need for armed forces to consume canned food and helps them grow fresh vegetables inside their bunkers in just 10-12 days.

IIT Delhi Develops World's Lightest Bulletproof Jacket

  • Researchers at IIT-Delhi developed the world's lightest bulletproof jackets, which are capable of stopping eight bullets fired from an AK-series rifle. The jackets, which weigh 8.2 kg, are over 2 kg lighter than the ones being used by the Indian Army.
  • Another version of the jacket weighs 9.5 kg and can stop as many as six bullets fired from certain sniper rifles. The bulletproof jackets that are being used by Indian soldiers currently weigh about 10.5 kg.
  • Professor Naresh Bhatnagar, from the Centre of Excellence on Personal Body Armour in IIT Delhi said that the jackets have been developed in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation and it took them 15 years to reach this point.

INS Vagir Sets New Record For Longest Scorpene Submarine Deployment

  • The Indian Navy's submarine, INS Vagir, made history by achieving an impressive milestone, it now holds the record for the longest-ever deployment of any scorpene-class submarine. The submarine covered an astonishing distance of 7,000 kilometres on its journey to Australia to participate in joint military exercises, marking a significant moment for both naval prowess and international cooperation.
  • INS Vagir's expedition to Australia marked the first time an Indian scorpene-class submarine ventured to Australian waters, signifying the growing collaboration between the Indian Navy and the Royal Australian Navy in enhancing maritime security and defense strategies.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Eminent Educationist & Social Activist Prof Deven Dutta Passes Away

  • Consumer rights activist and former vice-principal of Cotton University, Deven Dutta passed away at the age of 81. Born on April 5, 1944 at Nazira in Sivasagar, Deven Dutta was residing in Guwahati's Sundarpur area. He completed his post-graduation in English in the year 1965 and started his career as a professor of English at Cotton College. He was also a renowned litterateur and columnist.
  • Prof Dutta was a prolific writer and had published several books and articles on a variety of topics, including literature, education, and social issues. He was also a regular columnist in several newspapers and magazines.
  • In addition to his academic and literary achievements, Prof Dutta was also a social activist. He was involved in several social organisations and campaigns, including the fight for consumer rights and the protection of the environment.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism

  • The International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism is observed annually on August 21.
  • The International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism was established by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 72/165 of 20 December 2017. The resolution was adopted by consensus, reflecting the strong international commitment to combating terrorism and supporting its victims.
  • The day was chosen to commemorate the bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad, Iraq, on August 21, 2003, which killed 22 people, including Sergio Vieira de Mello, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

World Senior Citizen Day

  • World Senior Citizen Day is celebrated on August 21 every year to raise awareness of the contributions of older adults to society. This day is celebrated to recognise the wisdom, knowledge, and accomplishments of older individuals while raising awareness about the issues they face and advocating for their well-being.
  • The origins of World Senior Citizen Day can be traced back to the efforts of the former President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. In 1988, President Reagan issued a proclamation declaring August 21st as National Senior Citizens Day in the United States. The day was intended to honour the senior citizens in the country for their achievements and contributions, while also highlighting the importance of programs and policies that support their well-being.
  • Over time, the observance of World Senior Citizen Day extended beyond the United States, evolving into a global celebration. People around the world recognize the invaluable role that senior citizens play in society, from preserving cultural heritage to offering guidance to younger generations. This recognition led to the establishment of World Senior Citizen Day as an international observance.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Ghana's Paa Kwesi Asare Wins 2023 BBC News Komla Dumor Award

  • Ghanaian TV presenter and journalist Paa Kwesi Asare won the 2023 BBC News Komla Dumor Award.
  • Asare is the eighth recipient of the award and the first to come from Ghana, like the late Komla Dumor.
  • Asare is currently the head of business news at Ghana's private TV3 channel, where he has worked for seven years as one of its main news anchors.
  • The award was created to honour Dumor, a presenter for BBC World News, who died suddenly aged 41 in 2014.
  • He had worked tirelessly to bring a more nuanced African narrative to the world, representing a confident, savvy and entrepreneurial side of Africa.

Maharashtra's First 'Udyog Ratna' Award Conferred On Ratan Tata

  • The first-ever 'Udyog Ratna' award instituted by the Maharashtra government was conferred on veteran industrialist Ratan Tata.
  • The award was presented to Ratan Tata chairman emeritus of Tata Sons by Chief Minister Eknath Shinde and Deputy Chief Ministers Devendra Fadnavis and Ajit Pawar at the industrialist's home in Colaba, south Mumbai.
  • The honour comprised a shawl, a citation and a memento from the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC).
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

ETS to Set Up TOEFL, GRE Test Centres in Kashmir

  • US-based Educational Testing Service (ETS) announced that they will set up test centres for TOEFL and GRE in the Kashmir valley. The test centre will come up at Hashtag Educational Services, located at the Regal Chowk, Srinagar. The aim of setting up the test centres in a prime location is to offer easy accessibility to the test takers.
  • ETS is the non-profit educational assessment, research and measurement organisation and the owner of assessments such as TOEFL and GRE.
  • Following this development, ETS India plans to further invest in partnering with agents and educational institutions in the Kashmir region, to support local students in their study abroad journeys.

Highest Number of NEET UG Applicants from Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

  • The highest number of applications for medical exam National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) UG in the last five years from among state boards was from Maharashtra, according to the National Testing Agency (NTA). The Karnataka state board was at the second spot followed by Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh in terms of applicants.
  • The NEET-UG is the qualifying entrance exam for admission to Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) and Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery (BAMS).

IIT Kanpur to Organise Udghosh National Open School Quiz

  • The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) is gearing up for its annual sports festival, Udghosh 2023 and in order to bring the festival closer to school students, the institute announced Udghosh National Open School Quiz (UNOSQ) for students from classes 5 to 12.
  • The competition will be conducted in two phases and the participants will have to showcase their logical thinking, problem-solving abilities, general knowledge and sports acumen.
  • The quiz is divided into four pools to cater to different age groups— Pool A for youngsters (Classes 5 and 6), Pool B for rising stars (Classes 7 and 8), Pool C for champions (Classes 9 and 10) and Pool D for pioneers (Classes 11 and 12).
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ART AND CULTURE

Maharashtra Government Launches Bhagwan Birsa Munda Jodaraste Scheme

  • The Maharashtra government took a significant step towards enhancing connectivity and improving the lives of tribal communities in the state. The Bhagwan Birsa Munda Jodaraste Scheme aims to link all tribal villages in 17 districts of Maharashtra with main roads, effectively addressing the challenges faced by these communities in accessing essential services. The project, estimated at a cost of Rs. 5,000 crore, will involve the construction of approximately 6,838 kilometres of roads.
  • The Bhagwan Birsa Munda Jodaraste Scheme has been initiated by the Maharashtra government to connect tribal villages with primary roads, promoting better accessibility and improved living conditions.
  • The scheme is an outcome of the Budget Session announcement by Deputy Chief Minister and Finance Minister Devendra Fadnavis, focusing on the establishment of perennial roads to connect tribal padas (hamlets).
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

ASG Aishwarya Bhati Named Member of Commonwealth Military Justice Body

  • Additional Solicitor General (ASG) of India Aishwarya Bhati was named a member of the global consultation group of the Commonwealth, an international body that promotes democracy, good governance, peace, and the rule of law.
  • ASG Bhati became the second Indian to be part of the global military justice body.
  • Advocate (Major) Navdeep Singh, practicing primarily at the Punjab and Haryana High Court, was appointed earlier this year (2023) to the five-member Military Justice Advisory Committee constituted by the Commonwealth Secretariat.
  • Bhati is a Senior Advocate, who practices primarily at the Supreme Court and the Delhi High Court. She represented the petitioners in the case that lead to the landmark judgment granting permanent commission to women armed forces officers.
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