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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

19 Aug 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Israel, Turkey Agree to Reinstate Diplomatic Relations

  • Israel and Turkey want to fully resume diplomatic relations, leaders from both countries said on in a historic step that followed a visit by the Israeli Prime Minister to Turkey.
  • The step came after Lapid's visit to Ankara in June and talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
  • The resumption of relations with Turkey is an important asset for regional stability and very important economic news for the citizens of Israel.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Centre Approves Limit of Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme to 5 Lakh crore

  • The Union Cabinet approved the enhancement in the limit of the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) by Rs. 50,000 crore to Rs. 5 lakh crore, with the additional amount being earmarked exclusively for enterprises in hospitality and related sectors. ECLGS is a continuing scheme and the additional amount of Rs. 50,000 crore would be made applicable to enterprises in hospitality and related sectors till validity of the scheme in March 31 next year.
  • The enhancement is expected to provide much-needed relief to enterprises in these sectors by incentivizing lending institutions to provide additional credit of up to Rs. 50,000 crore at low cost, enabling these business enterprises to meet their operational liabilities and continue their businesses.

HDFC Bank Introduces "Vigil Aunty" to Promote Secure Banking Practices

  • HDFC Bank launched a new campaign called "Vigil Aunty". Vigil Aunty Campaign attempts to motivate citizens all around the nation to adopt secure banking practices. This will go along with the bank's "Mooh Band Rakho" campaign, which implores consumers to keep their banking information private. A campaign to promote Vigil Aunty and persuade people to follow her on social media and/or WhatsApp will be run for four to six weeks.
  • The Vigil Aunty Campaign's protagonist is Anuradha (Anu) Menon. Menon, playing the role of Vigil Aunty, will be raising awareness of safe banking practises through a series of videos, reels, and chat programmes.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NASA's Moon Rocket Moved to Launch Pad for 1st Test Flight

  • NASA's new moon rocket arrived at the launch pad ahead of its debut flight in less than two weeks.
  • NASA is aiming for an Aug. 29 liftoff for the lunar test flight. No one will be inside the crew capsule atop the rocket, just three mannequins — test dummies swarming with sensors to measure radiation and vibration.
  • The capsule will fly around the moon in a distant orbit for a couple weeks, before heading back for a splashdown in the Pacific. The entire flight should last six weeks.
  • The flight is the first moonshot in NASA's Artemis program. The space agency is aiming for a lunar-orbiting flight with astronauts in two years and a lunar landing by a human crew as early as 2025.
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SPORTS

Ireland All-Rounder Kevin O'Brien Announces Retirement from International Cricket

  • Ireland all-rounder Kevin O'Brien announced his retirement from international cricket after falling out of contention for this year's T20 World Cup in Australia. O'Brien played three Tests, 153 one-day internationals and 110 T20 internationals during a 16-year international career and had spells with a number of English county clubs and T20 franchise sides around the world.
  • The 38-year-old famously blasted the Irish to victory over England in a 2011 World Cup group match in India with a 50-ball century—still the tournament's quickest. The Dubliner scored 9,048 runs in total for Ireland, including the country's first Test hundred, a second-innings knock of 118 against Pakistan in 2018, and took 276 wickets.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

FSIB Recommends Mohammad Mustafa as a Chairman of NABARD

  • The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) suggested Mohammad Mustafa to lead NABARD. Mohammad Mustafa served as the Small Industries Development Bank of India's Chairman and Managing Director (CMD).
  • The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, presided over by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, would make the final determination about the FSIB's proposal of Mohammad Mustafa.
  • NABARD is the top regulatory organisation in India for governing regional rural banks and top cooperative banks.
  • He was an IAS officer from the Uttar Pradesh cadre from the 1995 batch.
  • Mohammad Mustafa had previously held the positions of Director and Joint Secretary at the Department of Financial Services.
  • He held the positions of MD of CERSAI in 2016 and CMD of the National Housing Bank between 2014 and 2015.

GoI Unveils "Manthan" Platform for Better Industry and R&D Collaboration

  • With the view to implementing technology-based social impact innovations and solutions in India, the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) office to the Government of India launched the 'Manthan' platform. The platform aims to promote collaboration at scale between industry and the scientific research and development ecosystem which will further aid in achieving India's sustainability goals in alignment with the UN-defined Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) charter. The launch commemorated India's 75 years of Independence – Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.
  • Empowering all spheres of Science and Technology within the country is the main aim of the Government in India. Through this platform – Manthan – India aims to present an opportunity to bring national and global communities closer to the nation's technology revolution.
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DEFENCE

Vostok-2022: Indo-China Military Drills to be Held in Russia

  • The People's Liberation Army of China will take part in the Vostok-2022 strategic command and staff exercise in Russia, which also includes the armies of India, Belarus, Tajikistan, and Mongolia, according to the country's defence ministry. China's People's Liberation Army will send some troops to Russia to participate in the Vostok-2022 (East) strategic exercise, in accordance with the two countries' yearly military cooperation plan and agreement.
  • The Vostok-2022 strategic command and staff exercise will be conducted at 13 training facilities in the Eastern Military District under the direction of Valery Gerasimov, the head of the Russia's General Staff. Vostok-2022 strategic command and staff exercise will be held between August 30 and September 5, the drills are anticipated to take place.

Defence Minister Handed over F-INSAS, Nipun Mines, and LCA to the Army

  • Defence minister Rajnath Singh handed over the much-awaited indigenously manufactured Future Infantry Soldier as a System (F-INSAS) to the Indian Army.
  • Army Chief General Manoj Pande and Lt General Harpal Singh were present at the ceremony where the latest anti-personnel mine Nipun, the Made in India Landing Craft Assault (LCA) as well as a drone system to help keep an eye on enemy troops in the forward areas along the Line of Actual control were also handed over.
  • An army soldier also briefed Rajnath on the new weapon systems.
  • These systems will enhance the operational preparedness of the Army and help them to deal with future challenges."
  • The F-INSAS project aims at modernising infantry and enhancing the operational capability of the soldier.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Humanitarian Day

  • In a bid to promote human welfare across the globe, every year August 19 is celebrated as World Humanitarian Day. The special day is dedicated to honouring the sacrifices of all those who choose to serve humanity above all.
  • A bomb attack on the Canal Hotel in Baghdad, Iraq, killed 22 humanitarian aid workers on August 19, 2003. The lives taken away included the UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello. Five years after this, the UNGA adopted a resolution designating 19 August as World Humanitarian Day (WHD).
  • The United Nations General Assembly marks the event with a new theme every year which aims to bring together partners from across the humanitarian system to advocate for the survival, well-being and dignity of people affected by crises, and for the safety and security of aid workers.
  • The theme for World Humanitarian Day 2022 was 'to show the importance, effectiveness, and positive impact of humanitarian work'. The concept of WHD is actually based on a famous saying, "It takes a village to raise a child."

World Photography Day

  • World Photography Day is observed annually on August 19. The day celebrates the art of clicking pictures, the technology behind it, and its history. Photography has played a significant role in capturing events of the past and encapsulating them in a picture for the future generation to acknowledge.
  • The history of photography dates back to 1837 in France when two Frenchmen named Joseph Nicephore Niepce and Louis Daguerre developed the first-ever photographic process or daguerreotype. Following this, the invention was officially announced by the French Academy of Sciences on January 19, 1837. It is believed that the French government purchased the patent for the invention 10 days after the announcement was made. The government did not copyright the patent and gave it to the world as a gift.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Putin Revives 'Mother Heroine' Title, Announces Reward of Rs. 13L for Bearing 10 Kids

  • Russian President Vladimir Putin issued a decree, reviving the Soviet-era war of "Mother Heroine" title as the country battles a demographic crisis fuelled by plunging birth rates.
  • The Russian President Putin signed an order that said women who bear and raise 10 or more children will be bestowed with Russia's 'Mother Heroine' title as an 'honour'.
  • They will also receive a one-time payment of 1 million rubles (approx Rs. 13 lakh) after the 10th living child turns one. The mothers will 'qualify' for the 'award' even if any of their children die in battle, as the result of a terrorist act or in an emergency situation.
  • This decree was first introduced in 1944 by Soviet leader Josef Stalin in the wake of massive population losses during World War II. The title stopped being awarded after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 following the Cold War.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

University of Birmingham Dubai Announces Scholarships for Indian Students

  • The University of Birmingham Dubai announced scholarships for Indian students, domiciled and living in India. Interested students can apply for the scholarship at the official website.
  • Once the student has submitted their application, and if they receive an offer from the university, the value of the scholarship will be advised based on predicted grades or on meeting the offer conditions. Candidates can be awarded up to 40 per cent of their tuition fees.
  • The candidates should have cleared English language tests such as IELTS, TOEFL or PTE. The candidates will have to submit their previous academic qualifications as proof. There is a relaxation in board exam marks pass percentage. If a candidate from ICSE, CBSE, West Bengal State Board, has scored at least 65 per cent marks, will be considered for entry to Birmingham Foundation Academy while this criteria for other boards are 70 per cent.
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TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY AWARENESS

Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Approves Night Safari Park in Kukrail Forest Area

  • The Uttar Pradesh Cabinet approved the proposal for a night safari park in Lucknow district's Kukrail forest area. As part of the project, the government will establish a zoological park on around 150 acres and night safari on 350 acres without disturbing the dense 2,027-hectare forest in the forest area's eastern and western blocks.
  • Tourism Minister Jaiveer Singh said the new zoological garden in Lucknow would replace the existing one. He called the plan an "ambitious project" and said the government would hire a consultant to conduct a survey and cost assessment.
  • The Uttar Pradesh government has already identified 56 ecotourism sites in the state's 56 districts under its One District, One Destination scheme in an attempt to boost ecotourism and increase employment opportunities.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Coal Scam: Supreme Court Imposes Fine of Rs. 1 lakh on Central Government

  • The Supreme Court said that due to careless and callous approach of the Centre, a company was included on the list of errant mine owners and it had to suffer loss and ignominy and slapped Rs. 1 lakh litigation cost on the Centre.
  • The company's name was included on the list of coal block allottees whose leases were cancelled by the top court in 2014.
  • A bench headed by Chief Justice N.V. Ramana and comprising justices Krishna Murari and Hima Kohli said: "We are constrained to make certain observations regarding the conduct of the respondent no. 1 — UOI (Union of India). Here is a case where a private party followed all the rules and the law, as applicable, before investing large sums of money to undertake business."
  • The top court quashed the coal ministry's demand for additional levy for the coal extracted by the company.
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