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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

28 May 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

India Joins First Movers Coalition to Decarbonise Carbon-heavy Sectors

  • India joined the First Movers Coalition, a global initiative aimed at decarbonising the heavy industry and long-distance transport sectors responsible for 30 per cent of global emissions. Launched by US President Joe Biden and the WEF at COP26 as a flagship public-private partnership to clean up the most carbon-intensive sectors, also saw 50 new corporate members with collective market cap of USD 8.5 trillion joining the force.
  • Besides India, Denmark, Italy, Japan, Norway, Singapore, Sweden and the United Kingdom have also joined the US as government partners to create early markets for clean technologies through policy measures and private sector engagements.

Hungary Amends Constitution to Extend Govt's State of Emergency Powers

  • Hungary's Parliament amended the country's Constitution to enable the government to introduce a special legal order and declare a state of emergency in case of an armed conflict, war or humanitarian disaster in a neighbouring country. The legislation was approved with 136 votes for and 36 against.
  • The government will have the power to suspend some laws or deviate from their stipulations to ensure the security of residents, their assets, as well as the stability of the national economy. The Constitutional Court, if requested, must review the measures taken by the government. The 10th amendment of the country's Constitution was initiated by Justice Minister Judit Varga and will enter into force on November 1, 2022.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

RBI to Adopt 'Graded Approach' to Introduce Digital Currency

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is proposing to adopt a graded approach towards the launch of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in the country to ensure conformity objectives of monetary policy, financial stability and efficient operations of currency and payment systems.
  • RBI has been exploring the pros and cons of introduction of CBDC in India and the appropriate design elements of CBDCs that could be implemented with little, or no disruption are under examination.
  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had announced in the Union Budget for 2022-23 that the RBI will introduce the CBDS as India's official digital rupee in 2022-23. The digital currency is expected to be tethered to the fiat version of the Indian rupee, and will use blockchain and related technologies to operate.

RBI Reduces Net-Worth Requirement for Non-Bank Bharat Bill Payment Units

  • The RBI eased norms for non-bank entities to set up Bharat Bill Payment operating units by reducing the net-worth reqirement to Rs. 25 crore, with a view to encourage more players in the segment. At present, a net worth of Rs. 100 crore is required to obtain authorisation for a non-bank BBPOU (Bharat Bill Payment Operating Units). Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) is an interoperable platform for bill payments and the scope and coverage of BBPS extends to all categories of billers who raise recurring bills.
  • The requirement of Rs. 100 crore net worth for a non-bank BBPOU to obtain authorisation was viewed as a constraint to greater participation. To increase participation, the RBI had decided to align the net worth requirement of non-bank BBPOUs with that of other non–bank participants which handle customer funds (like payment aggregators) and have a similar risk profile.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NASA's Latest Mars Craft Nears Landing for Unprecedented Seismic Mission

  • NASA's first spacecraft built to explore the deep interior of another world streaked toward a landing scheduled on a vast, barren plain on Mars, carrying instruments to detect planetary heat and seismic rumblings never measured anywhere but Earth. After sailing 301 million miles (548 million km) on a six-month voyage through deep space, the robotic lander InSight was due to touch down on the dusty, rock-strewn surface of the Red Planet. If all goes according to plan, InSight will hurtle through the top of the thin Martian atmosphere at 12,000 miles per hour (19,310 kilometers per hour).
  • The stationary probe, launched in May from California, will then pause for 16 minutes for the dust to settle, literally, around its landing site, before disc-shaped solar panels are unfurled like wings to provide power to the spacecraft.
  • InSight will spend 24 months - about one Martian year - using seismic monitoring and underground temperature readings to unlock mysteries about how Mars formed and, by extension, the origins of the Earth and other rocky planets of the inner solar system.
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SPORTS

Indian GM Praggnanandhaa Loses to China's Ding Liren in Chessable Masters Final

  • Young Indian Grandmaster R Praggnanandhaa went down fighting to World No.2 Ding Liren in the tie-break of the Meltwater Champions Chess Tour Chessable Masters 2022 online tournament final.
  • The 29-year-old Liren used his experience to trump Praggnanandhaa in the second of the tie-break games. After the first blitz game ended in stalemate, the Chinese player won the next in 49 moves to dash the Indian teenager's hopes.
  • Earlier, in the second set, which he needed to win to force a tie-break, Praggnanandhaa got the all-important victory in the second game in 79 moves. The Indian GM had defeated the highly-rated Dutchman Anish Giri in the semifinal to become the first Indian player to reach the final of a Meltwater Champions Chess Tour event. He had beaten world No.1 Magnus Carlsen for a second time during the preliminary phase in which he finished fourth and got past Wei Yi of China in the quarter-finals.

10-team ICC Women's ODI C'ship from Next Edition

  • The next edition of the ICC Women's Championship was announced by the ICC with two new teams added to the mix, making it a 10-team league. After the success of the ICC Women's Championship (IWC) 2014-16 and 2017-20, the tournament enters its third iteration for the years 2022-25, with Bangladesh and Ireland – ranked 9th and 10th in the MRF Tyres ICC Women's ODI Team Rankings – added to the mix this time around. They join Australia, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and West Indies in pursuit of automatic qualification for the 2025 ICC Women's World Cup. Australia will be out to defend their crown, having won the previous two cycles of the IWC.
  • As a part of the revamped ICC Cricket World Cup pathway, five Associate women's teams – Netherlands, Papua New Guinea, Scotland, Thailand and the USA – have been given ODI status with immediate effect.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

NICSI Signs MoU with Delhi SCHOOL of Management for R&D Management and Consultancy in e-Governance

  • The National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Delhi School of Management for research & development and consultancy in e-governance by synergising resources. During the MoU signing, NICSI Chairman Dr Rajendra Kumar briefed the attendees about the vision of the Union Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology to use technology for digital transformation to benefit citizens and effectively utilise resources (knowledge, manpower, infrastructure) by collaborative efforts to enhance efficiency.
  • Delhi School of Management students will be able to explore the emerging technologies and develop a better understanding of the working environment of the government with hands-on exposure in e-governance and ICT (information and communications technology) management. This will help the government strengthen its internal system with effective utilisation of technology.

MeitY Hosts Digital India BHASHINI Brainstorming Session

  • Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology, Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, was present during a brainstorming session organised by MeiTY on Mission Digital India BHASHINI – the National Language Translation Mission (NLTM). According to him, Startups are an essential component of our digital ecosystem, and Mission Digital India Bhashini will support them in developing India-specific and Indian Languages enabled IT solutions.
  • Multilingualism provides a significant potential for businesses to build novel solutions and products that can serve all Indian citizens, regardless of their native language. To fulfil the aims of Digital India, enabling access to knowledge resources and digital empowerment of citizens is a top priority. The Hon'ble Minister of State expressed his desire to digitally link all Indians and encourage their digital inclusion through the use of AI/NLP to overcome linguistic hurdles on the Internet.
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DEFENCE

IAF Trumps Chinese Air Force in Air Power Index; Ranks 3rd after US and Russia

  • World Directory of Modern Military Aircraft (WDMMA) released the World Air Powers Ranking of 2022. The Indian Air Force (IAF) has been placed at the third position on the World Air Power Index in terms of the total fighting strength of the various air services of different nations of the world. This report has placed the Indian Air Force (IAF) above the Chinese Aviation based armed forces (PLAAF), Japan Air Self-Preservation Power (JASDF), Israeli Aviation based armed forces, and French Air and Space Power. According to yhe report, the Indian Air Force (IAF) currently counts 1,645 total units in its active aircraft inventory.
  • While preparing the report, factors like modernization, logistical support, attack and defence capabilities are also considered. Thus, the military air power of a country is not ranked only on the basis of its total quantity of aircraft but it also considers its quality and components of inventory.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

International Day of Action for Women's Health

  • In the year 1987, May 28th was declared as International Day of Action for Women's Health or International Women's Health Day. Since then each year this day is celebrated by women's and health groups. Latin American and Caribbean Women's Health Network (LACWHN) and Women's Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR) are working together to make this campaign successful.
  • The main objective of this day is to raise awareness on the issues related to women's health and well being such as Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). It is one of the best platforms to remind everyone specially the government leaders and parliamentarians that the women's health matters.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Coveted Award for Former PM Manmohan Singh

  • Former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh will be honoured with prestigious Anuvrat Puraskar. Sanchay Jain, president, Anuvrat Vishwa Bharati Society, said this was the top award of the Anuvrat movement.
  • The award will be given to Dr. Manmohan Singh soon for simplicity and purity in personal life and for his constructive contribution in upgrade of moral and human values. As many as 26 distinguished persons, including former PM Gulzarilal Nanda, Dr Atmaram, Jainendra Kumar, Shivaji Bhave, L.K. Advani, Shivraj Patil, T.N. Seshan and Prakash Amte, were honoured with the Anuvrat Puraskar.
  • Acharya Tulsi had founded the Anuvrat Andolan after Independence and its aim was to motivate citizens to experience real freedom by adopting restraint, purity and non-violence in their lives.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

NHA Launches Revamp Ayushman Bharat Health Account Mobile App

  • The National Health Authority (NHA) under its flagship scheme of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) announced the launch of a revamped Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) mobile application. The ABHA app, previously known as National Digital Health Mission' Health Records app is available for download from the Google Play Store and already has over 4 lakh downloads. The updated version of the ABHA app has a new User Interface (UI) and added functionalities that enable individuals to access their health records anytime and anywhere.
  • In addition to this, ABHA mobile application has new functionalities such as edit profile, link and unlink ABHA number (14 digit) with ABHA address. Other functionalities such as Login via face authentication/ fingerprint/ biometric and the ability to scan QR codes at the counter of the ABDM compliant facility for express registration shall also be released soon.

Ministry of Education Releases National Achievement Survey 2021 Report

  • Ministry of Education released the National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2021 report. It assesses the health of school education system in the country by conducting comprehensive evaluation survey of children's learning competencies at classes 3, 5, 8 and 10th with a cycle period of three years. The report reflects the overall assessment of school education system. The last National Achievement Survey was held in 2017.
  • The NAS 2021 was held on 12th of November2021 at all India level and covered Government Schools, Government Aided Schools and Private Unaided Schools.
  • The objective of NAS 2021 is to evaluate children's progress and learning competencies as an indicator of the efficiency of the education system, so as to take appropriate steps for remedial actions at different levels.
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BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Ruskin Bond's Book Titled 'Listen to Your Heart: The London Adventure' Released

  • A new book titled "Listen to Your Heart: The London Adventure" authored by Ruskin Bond, was published by Penguin Random House India (PRHI). Ruskin Bond, India's famous Children's book author, was born in Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) and grew up in Jamnagar (Gujarat), Dehradun (Uttarakhand), New Delhi and Shimla (Himachal Pradesh).
  • His latest book, Listen to Your Heart: The London Adventure gives readers a peek into the four years he spent in the Channel Islands and England. The fifth – and final – volume of his memoir, talks about how he muses over his loneliness, switches jobs, falls in love, befriends the ocean and relentlessly chases his big dream of becoming a famous writer.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Vande Mataram: Delhi HC Issues Notice to Centre, Delhi Govt, NCERT

  • The Delhi High Court sought responses from the Centre, Delhi Government and National Council for Education Research and Training (NCERT) on a plea seeking that Vande Mataram be accorded a status at par with the national anthem Jana Gana Mana.
  • The Division Bench of Acting Chief Justice Vipin Sanghi and Justice Sachin Datta was dealing with a public interest litigation filed by BJP leader and practising Advocate Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay alleging that the song Vande Mataram, which had played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana.
  • During the course of hearing, the Bench, at the outset, expressed displeasure over the petition being all over the press even before the same being listed before the Court, giving an impression that it is filed for publicity.

Delhi High Court: Notice to Concerned Authorities for Vaccination of Street Dogs against Canine Distemper and Parvo Virus

  • The Delhi High Court issued notices to both the Delhi Government and the Municipal Corporations on a petition seeking vaccination of street dogs and other animals in the national capital against deadly viruses like Canine Distemper and Parvo Virus. A Division Bench comprising Acting Chief Justice Vipin Sanghi and Justice Sachin Datta observed that the public interest litigation raised several important issues with regard to care and protection of stray dogs and other animals in the city, which neede "urgent attention" of the government.
  • The Apex Court directed the respondents to come out with a clear and considered stand in respect of all the issues raised in the petition.
  • Advocate Rahul Mohod, petitioner-in-person, approached the Court, raising grievance with regard to lack of mechanism to vaccinate stray dogs and other street animals to protect them from diseases such as Canine Distemper and Parvo Virus, which are known killers.
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