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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

20 Jun 2020

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Global Status Report on Preventing Violence Against Children 2020

  • According to the first report of its kind from the UN, half of the world's children — one billion every year — are affected by physical, sexual or psychological violence, suffering injuries and death because countries have failed to follow established strategies to protect them.
  • While nearly all countries (88%) have laws in place to protect minors, less than half (47%) say they strongly enforce them, said the Global Status Report on Preventing Violence Against Children 2020.
  • The report — launched by the World Health Organisation, the UNICEF, the UNESCO, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the End Violence Partnership — charted progress in 155 countries against the "INSPIRE" framework, a set of seven strategies for preventing and responding to violence against children.
  • The report signalled a clear need in all countries to scale up efforts to implement them. It included the first ever global homicide estimates specifically for children under 18 years of age — previous estimates were based on data that included 18 to 19-year olds.

India Will be United Nations Security Council President for August 2021

  • India, which has been elected as a non-permanent member of the Security Council, will serve as the president of the powerful 15-nation UN body for the month of August, 2021.
  • The presidency of the Council is held by each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the member states' names.
  • India will preside over the Council again for a month in 2022.
  • India, Norway, Ireland, Mexico and Kenya were elected as the non-permanent members of the UNSC for a two-year term beginning January 1, 2021.

India Second Major Driver of Global Energy Consumption in 2019 After China

  • According to the 69th edition of "Statistical Review of World Energy 2020", which collects and analyses energy data for 2019 , released by UK (United Kingdom) based oil and gas company BP plc, India was the 2nd major market after China to increase primary energy consumption in the year 2019.
  • India's position at total energy consumption: On the other hand, India's energy consumption in 2019 was the third largest (34.06 EJ-an increase of 2.3%) only after China (141.70 EJ) and United States (94.65 EJ). Despite, the rate of growth in energy consumption in the year 2019 has been slower than in 2018.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

RIL First Indian Company to Cross the Rs. 11 lakh crore m-cap Mark

  • Reliance Industries became the first Indian company to cross Rs. 11 lakh crore in market value. The stock soared 6 per cent. The company's market capitalisation touched $150 billion in dollar terms. Analysts expect the stock to gain 10-13 per cent from current levels in 2020.
  • Reliance has turned net debt-free by raising Rs. 168,818 crore in two months through the country's largest ever rights issue and a series of stake sale deals in its arm Jio Platforms.

BSE among World's 10 Most Valued Exchanges

  • Leading bourse BSE figured among the world's 10 largest exchanges in terms of cumulative market capitalisation of all companies listed on its platform, as per the latest data from the World Federation of Exchanges.
  • BSE is at the tenth place in the top-10 list, with a market capitalisation of $1.7 trillion.
  • The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) tops the chart with a valuation of $19.3 trillion.
  • Nasdaq comes second with a market capitalisation of $13.8 trillion.
  • BSE, the first listed stock exchange of India, is one of the country's leading exchange groups, with over 5 crore registered investors. Its benchmark -- the S&P BSE Sensex -- is a widely tracked stock market index.
  • Others ranked in the list include Tokyo Stock Exchange, placed third with a market valuation of $5.7 trillion, followed by Shanghai Stock Exchange ($4.9 trillion).

Facebook Acquires Sweden's Mapillary

  • In a move aimed at taking on Google Maps, Facebook has acquired Swedish start-up Mapillary, that is building a detailed, accurate, and up to date global street-level imagery platform, for an undisclosed sum.
  • Facebook is building tools and technology to improve maps through a combination of machine learning, satellite imagery and partnerships with mapping communities.
  • These maps power products like Facebook Marketplace that drive transactions for millions of small businesses, and supply vital data to humanitarian organisations around the world.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Astronomers Discover 240-year-old Neutron Star 'Swift J1818.0�'1607'

  • Astronomers at the US (United Sates) based space agency NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) have discovered the youngest known magnetar (a type of neutron star) named "Swift J1818.0-1607" about 16,000 light years away from Earth.
  • It is estimated to be about 240 years old, making it quite new and young by cosmic standards. It has a magnetic field up to 1,000 times stronger than a typical neutron star and about 100 million times stronger than the most powerful magnets made by humans.
  • It was first discovered back on March 12 by NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory when when a large amount of X-rays were emitted by it. The European Space Agency's XMM-Newton observatory and NASA's NuSTAR telescope, then studied this magnetar and found that it was the youngest one.
  • Over 3,000 known neutron stars are there.
View Month Wise

SPORTS

BCCI to Review IPL Sponsorship Deal with Vivo

  • The Board of Control for Cricket In India (BCCI) has decided to review IPL sponsorship deals, including one with Chinese mobile phone manufacturer Vivo, after 20 Indian soldiers were killed in Galwan Valley in eastern Ladakh.
  • Taking note of the border skirmish that resulted in the martyrdom of Indian soldiers, the IPL Governing Council has convened a meeting next week to review IPL's various sponsorship deals.
  • The meeting of the IPL Governing Council will review the yearly Rs. 440 crore title sponsorship deal with Vivo among others.
  • For those unaware, Vivo is the title sponsor of the Indian Premier League.
  • In 2017, Chinese mobile phone manufacturer Vivo had retained the title sponsorship rights of the Indian Premier League (IPL) for a period of five years.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Rajya Sabha Elections

  • Ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)'s Sanajaoba Leishemba, who is Manipur's titular king, won the lone Rajya Sabha seat from the state by securing 28 votes amid an ongoing power tussle between the two parties following the defections of nine lawmakers from the governing coalition. Leishemba defeated Congress's T. Mangibabu.
  • The ruling YSR Congress Party in Andhra Pradesh won all the four Rajya Sabha seats from the state.
  • The four YSRC candidates – Alla Ayodhya Rami Reddy, Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose, Mopidevi Venkata Ramana and Parimal Nathwani were declared elected as they polled the number of votes required for their election.
  • Senior Congress leader Digvijaya Singh and Jyotiraditya Scindia on Friday scored facile victories to enter the Rajya Sabha through rival parties in Madhya Pradesh.
  • The BJP, which was placed comfortably to win two seats in the changed circumstances after toppling the Kamal Nath government, got a mild jolt when one of its legislators Gopilal Jatav voted for Congress candidate "by mistake". Another MLA Jugal Kishore Bagri had his vote rejected on technical grounds.
  • The Congress won two Rajya Sabha seats in Rajasthan while the Bharatiya Janata Party won one in the biennial elections.
  • Congress candidates KC Venugopal and Neeraj Dangi, and BJP`s Rajendra Gehlot were declared the winners to the Rajya Sabha by Returning Officer and Assembly Secretary PK Mathur after the votes were counted.

India's 1st Ever Climate Change Assessment - Climate Change Tracker

  • India released its first national report on the state of the climate crisis titled "Assessment of climate change over the Indian region" prepared with the support of the Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) and edited by the scientists of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune.
  • This report is published as an open access book by Spring Nature.
  • The average temperature of India has raised by 0.7 degree celsius in 1901 – 2018 due to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and projected to rise by 2.7 degrees celsius by 2099 in the best the best care scenario and in the worst case scenario a rise will 4.4 degrees celsius.
  • The findings of the report states that the sea level in Mumbai and Bengal coast are rising at a rate of 3 cm and 5 cm per decade respectively which is projected to rise to 30 cm by 2099.
  • The temperature of the Indian ocean including the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal has risen by 1 degree celsius in 1951-2015 which is higher than the global average.

UP Provides Employment to 57 lakh 12975 Migrant Workers under MGNREGA

  • In accordance with the official government data, released earlier this month, Uttar Pradesh (UP) has provided employment to 57 lakh 12975 workers in 56,981 village panchayats of the state under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), making it the top Indian state to provide highest employment under MGNREGS.
  • This employment is 18% of the total work generated under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in the country.
  • UP is followed by Rajasthan, which has engaged 53.45 lakh workers, Andhra Pradesh (AP) with 36 lakh workers, West Bengal (WB) with 26 lakh and Madhya Pradesh (MP) with 23.95 lakh workers.
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DEFENCE

Japan Deploys Missile at China Border

  • China has created war-like conditions not only in India but against its other neighbors. In addition to the South China Sea, it is also engaged in seizing areas of Japan and Taiwan.
  • However, to respond to his intentions, India as well as Japan have created a mood. In addition to deploying its missile towards the border with China, Japan has also increased the number of army.
  • In view of China's war intentions, Japan is increasing its air defense. It will implement the Patriot Pac-3 MSE Air Defense Missile System deployment at four military bases by June this year. US-Japan News has cited that, "Pac-3 MSE is capable of countering any hit-to-kill.
  • The current Patriot PAC-3 deployed in Japan has a maximum range of 70 km and has been increased to 100 km in the new version of the PAC-3 MSE. In December 2017, Lockheed Martin signed a $ 944 million contract to deliver Patriot Advanced Capability-3 and PAC-3 missile segment enhancement missiles to the US and allied countries.

DRDO Starts Work on Astra BVRAAM Based Short Range-Air Defence System

  • Tender documents floated by State-owned DRDO showed that work on VL-SRSAM (Vertically Launched -Short-range Surface Air to Missile ) System based on Astra beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile has begun and tender documents called for interested parties to submit bids of VL-SRSAM missile integration Jig.
  • idrw.org has been informed that VL-SRSAM will be developed in two variants for Air Force and Indian Navy. The air force will get high mobility Truck-mounted canister based VL-SRSAM and Navy will get Canister based VL-SRSAM for its frontline warships which will replace ageing Israeli supplied Barak-1 Point Defence interceptor missiles which were procured after India ended its Tri-service Trishul SRSAM program in 2006 due to technical issues.
  • VL-SRSAM system will have autonomous capabilities with all-weather, Mobile, quick 360° launch capabilities for lock-on-before-launch (LOBL) and lock-on-after-launch (LOAL) capabilities. While DRDO is mum on the missiles range, but capabilities of a similar missile system should ensure at least 40-50 km in Astra Mk1 configuration and in future Astra Mk2, range will jump to 80km.
  • VL-SRSAM family will consist of Truck Mounted command and control unit which includes a Radar sensor and 4-6 Missile firing units and replenishments support Truck for the Air force variant, In Navy, VL-SRSAM variant will be integrated with main and secondary Radar system of the Warship for tracking and detection.
View Month Wise

PERSONS IN NEWS

Urjit Patel New Chairman of NIPFP

  • Former governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Urjit Patel who resigned from his post in December 2018 after a tussle with the government over the central bank's autonomy has been appointed as the chairman of the New Delhi Based economic think tank National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) for a period of four years.
  • The chairman's role is advisory in nature and he does not interfere in day today functioning of the institution. He chairs the board meetings which are held at least three to four times in a year.
  • The governing body of NIPFP comprises of three representatives of the Ministry of Finance, one representative of the Niti Aayog, one representative of the Reserve Bank of India, three representatives of sponsoring state governments, three distinguished economists, three heads of sister research institutions, and members of other sponsoring agencies and invitees.

Noted Economist B. P. R. Vithal Passes Away

  • Noted economist B. P. R. Vithal, who served as a Member of the Tenth Finance Commission, died in Hyderabad.
  • Vithal was a 1950-batch IAS officer.
  • Vithal had served as secretary, finance and planning, in the government of Andhra Pradesh from 1972 to 1982 and as deputy chairman of the State Planning Board. He was also chairman of the Expenditure Commission, Government of Kerala.
  • Vithal had a brief stint at the International Monetary Fund as Fiscal Advisor to the governments of Sudan and Malawi. He had established the Centre for Economic and Social Studies in Hyderabad.

JSW Cement Signs Sourav Ganguly & Sunil Chhetri as Brand Ambassadors

  • JSW Cement, a part of JSW Group, signed former Indian cricket captain Sourav Ganguly the current president of Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and Sunil Chhetri, captain of India's National Football Team and Bengaluru FC as their brand ambassadors for their marketing campaign Leaders Choice in West Bengal, Bihar and Odisha.
  • Leaders Choice is the first marketing campaign by JSW Group featuring Indian sports stars.
  • The campaign is based on "building a solid foundation for a better tomorrow" philosophy.
  • This campaign aims to strengthen the position of JSW Cement in PSC and Composite cement in India.
  • JSW Cements is known for its commitment towards sustainable development with focus on green portfolio.
View Month Wise

DAYS AND EVENTS

World Refugee Day

  • World Refugee Day is an international day designated by the United Nations to honour refugees around the globe. It falls each year on 20th June and celebrates the strength and courage of people who have been forced to flee their home country to escape conflict or persecution. World Refugee Day is an occasion to build empathy and understanding for their plight and to recognize their resilience in rebuilding their lives.
  • World Refugee Day was held globally for the first time on June 20, 2001, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. It was originally known as Africa Refugee Day, before the United Nations General Assembly officially designated it as an international day in December 2000.
  • Each year World Refugee Day has a theme and the theme for 2020 is 'Every Action Counts'.
View Month Wise

AWARDS AND HONOURS

Amartya Sen Wins 2020 Peace Prize of the German

  • Indian economist, philosopher and Nobel Laureate Amartya Kumar Sen (86) has been selected for 2020 Peace Prize by the Board of Trustees of the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade for his decades-long work around issues of global justice.
  • He will be presented with the award by German Publishers' and Booksellers' Association, Borsenverein in a ceremony that will take place on October 18, 2020, in Paulskirche (Germany).
  • Every year since 1950, the German Book Trade Peace Prize has been given. I addition to the title, the winner is also given a cash prize of €25,000 euros ($28,000).
  • Its goal is to honour those individuals who, with their outstanding work in the fields of literature, science and art, make a big contribution in making the ideas of peace come true.
  • In 2019, the award was presented to famous Brazilian photographer and photo journalist Sebastiao Ribeiro Salgado.
  • Professor Amartya Sen, who teaches at Harvard University in the US, has also been awarded the Nobel Prize in 1998 for Economics.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

IIT-Delhi, United Nations to Offer Research-based Solution to Storage, Supply of Food Grains

  • The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) India and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi have collaborated to develop innovative solutions for the government's food safety nets through operations research. The collaboration aims to support governments in achieving food and nutrition security targets.
  • The overall objective of this partnership is to use advanced analytics and operations research to develop practical solutions that support long-term strategic planning of procurement, storage, and movement of food grains by agencies such as the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and at the same time create cost-effective supply chain networks for distribution of these food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) at the state level.
  • Through their research, both IIT-Delhi and WFP will work with the state and central government. The IIT and UN aim to optimise the supply chain and analyse important operational data such as current stocks, projected harvest yields and consumption figures. Through this research, the institutes will identify the challenges and offer solutions.
View Month Wise

ART AND CULTURE

The $0-budget Movie that Topped the US Box Office

  • In normal times, blockbuster movies usually dominate the box office charts.
  • The big-budget productions, directed by the likes of James Cameron, Steven Spielberg and Ridley Scott, regularly draw the biggest crowds at cinemas across the US and beyond.
  • But earlier this month (June 2020), one box office-topping movie was watched by just two people, in one cinema.
  • Unsubscribe, a 29-minute horror movie shot entirely on video-conferencing app Zoom, generated $25,488 (£20,510) in ticket sales on that day.
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