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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

05 Jun 2020

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Novavax Ggets U.S. Defense Funding for COVID-19 Vaccine

  • Novavax Inc said that the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) will give the late-stage biotech company up to $60 million to fund the manufacturing of its experimental COVID-19 vaccine. This deal includes the delivery of 10 million doses of its COVID-19 vaccine - NVX-CoV2373 - to the DoD this year.
  • The announcement of Novavax's vaccine trial came last month as drug makers pause clinical trials on drugs for other ailments to focus on COVID-19.
  • The Maryland-based company joined the race to test coronavirus vaccine candidates on humans and said that it was targeting the production of over a billion doses of its vaccine candidate next year.
  • Vaccines are seen by world leaders as the only real way to restart their stalled economies after months of sweeping shutdowns.

Brazil's Coronavirus Death Toll Passes Italy

  • Brazil's total COVID-19 death toll past that of Italy, as the Health Ministry reported 1,437 deaths in the last 24 hours and 30,925 additional coronavirus cases.
  • The Latin American nation has now reported 34,021 deaths from the coronavirus, trailing only the United States and the United Kingdom.

Hong Kong's Legislature Approves Bill Making it Illegal to Insult the Chinese National Anthem

  • Hong Kong's legislature approved a contentious bill that makes it illegal to insult the Chinese national anthem.
  • The legislation was approved after pro-democracy opposition lawmakers tried to disrupt the vote. The bill was passed with 41 lawmakers voting for it and just one voting against. Most of the pro-democracy lawmakers boycotted the vote out of protest.
  • The pro-democracy camp sees the anthem bill as an infringement of freedom of expression and the greater rights that residents of the semi-autonomous city have compared to mainland China.
  • According to the pro-Beijing majority, the law was necessary for Hong Kong citizens to show appropriate respect for the anthem.
  • Those found guilty of intentionally abusing the 'March of the Volunteers' face up to three years in prison and a fine of up to 50,000 Hong Kong dollars (USD 6,450).
View Month Wise

ENVIRONMENT

Air Pollution in China Back to Pre-Covid Levels

  • Air pollution in China has climbed back to pre-pandemic levels, and scientists say Europe may follow suit.
  • Air pollution causes at least 8m early deaths a year, and cleaner skies were seen as one of the few silver linings of Covid-19. Experts have called for action to help retain the air quality benefits of lockdowns, and measures taken to date have included expanding cycle lanes and space for walking in cities.
  • Data from the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (Crea) shows concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) across China are now at the same levels as one year earlier. At the height of the country's coronavirus response in early March, NO2 levels were down by 38% from 2019 and levels of PM2.5 were down by 34%.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Double Whammy for Textile Mills as Operations Resume

  • Textile mills in the State (Tamil Nadu), numbering over 2,000, are facing a difficult situation despite resuming operations — orders are less, prices have fallen, and export enquiries are yet to pick up.
  • Tamil Nadu has almost 45% of the country's spindle capacity and produces approximately 175 million kg of yarn a month.
  • As per Ashwin Chandran, chairman of Southern India Mills' Association, with the mills resuming operations in the last one month, the average capacity utilisation is just 40 %.
  • Some mills operated at 80% to 90 % capacity, only resulting in rising inventory. Of the total yarn produced in Tamil Nadu, nearly 40% was sold in the powerloom weaving clusters in north India, mainly Maharashtra. Weaving activities were yet to gain momentum in these clusters. Even in Tamil Nadu, where there were nearly five lakh powerlooms, the weaving clusters were operating at just 50% capacity.
  • Mr. Ashwin appealed to the Union and State governments to come out with schemes to boost exports so that Indian yarn was competitive in the international market.
  • The mills face labour shortage as most of the migrant workers have gone home. The demand should revive by the time the workers return, say the spinners.

Mubadala to Buy Stake in Jio Platforms

  • Mubadala, the Abu Dhabi-based sovereign investor, has agreed to invest Rs. 9,093.60 crore in Mukesh Ambani led Jio Platforms for 1.85% stake, valuing Jio Platforms at enterprise value of Rs. 5.16 lakh crore.
  • Jio Platforms with this investment has raised Rs. 87,655.35 crore from leading global technology and growth investors including Facebook, Silver Lake, Vista Equity Partners, General Atlantic, KKR and Mubadala in less than six weeks.
  • Jio Platforms, a next-generation technology platform focused on providing high-quality and affordable digital services across India, has more than 388 million subscribers.
  • Mubadala's Ventures business currently manages several venture funds in the US, Europe and Middle East.
  • Mubadala's portfolio spans advanced manufacturing, semiconductors, metals and mining, pharmaceutical and medical technology, renewable energy and utilities, and the management of diverse financial holdings.

India's Unemployment Rate Saw a Small Dip in 2018-19

  • As per the latest Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation in May 2020, India's unemployment rate improved from the 45-year high of 6.1% in 2017-18 to 5.8% in 2018-19. The labour force participation rate also improved marginally, from 36.9% in 2017-18 to 37.5% in 2018-19. The labour force is defined as people who are working, or seeking work or available for work. Its participation rate is the percentage of the labour force in the population. The unemployment rate is the percentage of people without work within the labour force.
  • The report shows the dip came across all categories, though women and rural workers showed the most improvement.
  • Women's unemployment fell from 5.7% to 5.2%, while male unemployment only fell from 6.2% to 6%. Urban unemployment was still at a high of 7.7% in 2018-19, a marginal drop from 7.8% in 2017-18, while rural unemployment fell from 5.3% to 5%.
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SPORTS

Chelsea to Sign Germany Forward Timo Werner

  • As per reports, Chelsea agreed a deal in principle to sign Germany striker Timo Werner from Bundesliga club RB Leipzig.
  • The report added that Werner has a 55 million euro release clause which expires on June 15 and that Premier League club Chelsea had offered the 24-year-old a contract worth 200,000 pounds per week.
  • Werner is second-top scorer in the Bundesliga this season with 25 goals, four behind Bayern Munich's Robert Lewandowski. He has made 29 appearances for Germany, scoring 11 times.

Japan Will Explore Simplified Version of Olympic Games

  • Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike said that it may be necessary to a stage a "simplified" Olympics next year due to the impact of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic and that organisers were already discussing possible changes.
  • John Coates, the head of the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) inspectorate for Tokyo, said that organisers had to plan for what could be a "very different" Olympics if Covid-19 isn't completely eradicated by next year.
View Month Wise

NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Haryana Government to Open Schools from July

  • As per Haryana Education Minister Kanwar Pal, the government will reopen schools in a phased manner from July and take feedback from teachers, parents and experts about holding classes in shifts, keeping in mind the norms of social distancing.
  • First, Classes 10, 11 and 12 will be started in July, in the next phase Classes 6, 7, 8 and 9, and then Classes 1 to 5 will start. We will also run demo session of classes to see how social distancing will be ensured. Any other possible problems that could be faced would be known when the schools open.
  • Mr. Pal said that colleges and universities will open in August.

Setback for Congress Ahead of RS Polls

  • Two Congress lawmakers have resigned from the Gujarat assembly and brought down the party's tally in the 182-member House to 66 ahead of the June 19 elections to four Rajya Sabha seats from the state.
  • The resignations prompted the Congress to divide its remaining legislators into seven groups and rush them to different places in the state to prevent further desertions until the polling is held. The Gujarat seats are going to the polls along with 20 others across the country.
  • A party needs 35 first preference votes to win a seat as the strength of the Gujarat assembly is now 173. Five Congress legislators earlier resigned from the assembly in March. Two more seats remain vacant in the state assembly because of litigation due to poll-related disputes.
  • The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) with 103 seats needs two more votes to win three of the four Rajya Sabha seats.
View Month Wise

DEFENCE

ITBP Establishes Two New Headquarters to Look after India-China Border

  • The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) issued an order of establishing two command headquarters in Chandigarh and Guwahati. The Chandigarh headquarters will be headed by IG rank official who will work as Additional Director General (ADG) and look after Ladakh, Leh, and Srinagar areas while the Guwahati sector will look after the north-eastern parts. Last year (2019) in October, the Union Cabinet had approved two new headquarters for ITBP along with 60 extra posts. Two new posts of ADG have been sanctioned by the Cabinet. ITBP is majorly responsible for guarding over 3,400 km-long Line of Actual Control with China. Amid tensions with China, the ITBP stepped up its vigil as Chinese choppers violated Indian airspace twice in recent weeks. These two new headquarters will also look after the international border with China.

India Looking to Ink Military Logistics Pact with Japan

  • India is fast inking reciprocal military logistics pacts with like-minded countries to extend its strategic and naval operational reach in the entire Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and beyond, with an eye firmly on China's expansionist behavior in the Indo-Pacific. After similar agreements with the US, France, South Korea and Singapore, it was India's turn to ink the mutual logistics support arrangement (MLSA) with Australia during the virtual summit between the two PMs.
  • That's not all. India is set to ink a military logistics pact with Japan next, while similar agreements with Russia and theUK are also being negotiated. The MLSA will enable our warships to get refueling from Australian tankers on the high seas, while also availing of berthing, maintenance and storage facilities at Australian naval bases. It will, of course, be on a reciprocal basis. The Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) inked with the US in 2016 similarly gives India refueling facilities and access to American bases in Djibouti, Diego Garcia, Guam and Subic Bay. The one inked with France in 2018, in turn, also extends the Indian Navy's reach in south-western IOR due to French bases in the Reunion Islands near Madagascar and Djibouti on the Horn of Africa.
View Month Wise

PERSONS IN NEWS

Rajeev Topno Appointed Senior Advisor to World Bank ED

  • Senior bureaucrat Rajeev Topno, private secretary to the Prime Minister, has been appointed as senior advisor to the Executive Director (ED), World Bank.
  • Topno is a 1996 batch IAS officer of Gujarat cadre.

Brajendra Navnit India's New Ambassador to WTO

  • Brajendra Navnit, a 1999-batch IAS officer, has been appointed Ambassador and Permanent Representative of India (PRI) to the World Trade Organisation for a period of three years.
  • He will be posted at the Permanent Mission of India (PMI) to the WTO in Geneva, which is under the Department of Commerce.
  • Navnit, who completed his tenure as Joint Secretary in the Prime Minister's Office, belongs to the Tamil Nadu cadre.
  • He replaced J. S. Deepak at the PMI, whose two-year extended term ended on May 31.
  • The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, which approved Navnit's foreign post, also gave a nod to the appointment of Anwar Hussain Shaik for the post of Counsellor, at the PMI to WTO, Geneva. He is a 2000 batch IRTS officer. His appointment, too, is for three years.
View Month Wise

DAYS AND EVENTS

Dentsu Aegis Network India Hits Gold at Indian Agency Awards 2020

  • Dentsu Aegis Network (DAN) India won the top prize category at the Social Samosa Indian Agency Awards and achieved a new milestone in the process.
  • It is for the second consecutive year that Dentsu X India has bagged the title.
  • While Dentsu X India bagged a gold in the 'Media Agency of the Year' category, another agency WATConsult won a gold in the 'Digital Agency of the Year' category. WATConsult also added a gold in the 'Thriving Agency Culture' category.
  • Both Divya Karani, CEO, Dentsu X India, and Heeru Dingra, CEO, WATConsult, have been named the 'Agency Head of the Year'.
  • Dentsu Aegis Network Ltd. is a London-headquartered multinational media and digital marketing communications company.

World Environment Day

  • World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated on 5th June every year, and is the United Nations' principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of our environment.
  • World Environment Day was established in 1972 by the United Nations on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, resulting from discussions on the integration of human interactions and the environment. Two years later, in 1974 the first WED was held with the theme "Only One Earth".
  • World Environment Day is promoted by the United Nation and for 2020 Colombia is host the World Environment Day. In 2019, China was the host country. World Environment Day is also known as Environment Day, Eco Day.
  • Each year WED has a theme and the theme for 2020 is "Time for Nature", and is hosted in Colombia in partnership with Germany.
  • Colombia is one of the largest "Megadiverse" nations in the world to hold 10% of the planet's biodiversity. Since it is part of the Amazon rain forest, Colombia ranks first in bird and orchid species diversity and second in plants, butterflies, freshwater fish, and amphibians.
View Month Wise

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Chhattisgarh Government Launches Spandan Campaign

  • The Chhattisgarh government launched the Spandan Campaign to contain incidents of suicide and fratricide involving police personnel, and instructions were issued to senior officers to strictly adhere to guidelines in this regard.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

University of Madras to Conduct its First Online Ph.D Thesis Defence

  • A woman research scholar from Thailand will be the first student of the University of Madras to defend her thesis via videoconference.
  • Prapaporn Vitheeswat, 42, is a scientist in Thailand government's Department of Marine and Coastal Resources of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Ms. Prapaporn wanted to do research in aquaculture and her search for a guide ended with N. Munuswamy, now a CSIR emeritus scientist in the university's Zoology department, Guindy campus.
  • With the Thai government funding her research, the woman travelled to Chennai in 2016. Her research work was fish and shrimp species, particularly on cryo-preservation of sperm, Dr. Munuswamy said. According to him she is his 38th Ph.D candidate.
  • She completed her course work in November last year and returned to Bangkok to be with her family, including an eight-year-old daughter. She had intended to return to India for her Ph.D thesis defence.
  • In April, the University Grants Commission, to a request from the higher education secretary of Gujarat in April, informed that viva voce exam could be conducted via video conferencing provided the university's statutory authorities approved of it.
  • The UGC's decision was taken up for consideration by the university and on May 15, the registrar formally intimated to all affiliated colleges, and directors of research organisations
  • Ms. Prapaporn's viva is scheduled for June 26. She will defend her thesis from her department in Bangkok and the external examiner and the supervisor will participate via videoconference in Chennai.
View Month Wise

ART AND CULTURE

BBC to Broadcast Royal Opera House Reopening Concert

  • The BBC is to broadcast the Royal Opera House's first post-lockdown performance across TV and radio later this month.
  • The concert, which will take place without a live audience, is scheduled for 13th June, hosted by the venue's director of music Antonio Pappano.
  • It will feature a dance premiere by Wayne McGregor, resident choreographer of the Royal Ballet, as well as music by Britten, Handel and Butterworth.
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