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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

25 Nov 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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ENVIRONMENT

Ethiopian Volcano Erupts after 12,000 Years

  • The Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia's Afar region erupted, coating nearby villages in ash. According to locals quoted by the Associated Press (AP), there is no previous record of this volcano erupting. The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program confirmed that Hayli Gubbi had no known activity during the Holocene period, which began around 12,000 years ago. Satellite images reviewed by the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre showed ash rising up to 14 km and drifting westward.
  • A thick ash cloud from the eruption reached India, leading India's aviation regulator, the DGCA, to issue a detailed advisory. Airlines have been told to avoid volcanic ash-affected routes and flight levels, adjust planning and fuel, and immediately report any suspected ash encounter, including engine anomalies.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

J&K to Hold First-Ever Limestone Block Auction

  • In a step toward enhancing mineral development, Jammu & Kashmir hosted its first-ever auction of limestone blocks in November 2025. This event marked the beginning of a new era in the Union Territory's mining sector, aimed at attracting investment, boosting industrial activity, and unlocking the region's economic potential. The auction took place at the Convention Centre, Jammu, in the presence of Union Minister of Coal and Mines G. Kishan Reddy, Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, and Deputy Chief Minister Surinder Choudhary.
  • The move to auction limestone blocks is part of broader mining sector reforms that seek to make mineral allocation more transparent and competitive. Jammu & Kashmir, rich in mineral deposits but underexplored due to decades of limited private sector involvement, now stands at the cusp of a major transformation.

India & Afghanistan Hold Talks to Deepen Cooperation in Textile Sector

  • A high level delegation of India and Afghanistan discussed to explore avenues for deeper economic engagement in the textile sector. Ministry of Textiles said that a high-level delegation from Afghanistan, led by Director General of Economic Relations, Shafiullah Azam, met Trade Advisor of the Textiles Ministry A. Bipin Menon in New Delhi. During the meeting, both sides discussed avenues for mutual cooperation, including technical support and training for Afghan cotton farmers, facilitation of shipments and visas, and closer engagement between industry bodies of both countries. The visiting delegation also articulated Afghanistan's priority to strengthen its textile ecosystem, create employment opportunities, and enhance training facilities for farmers entering the cotton and textile value chain.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Jitendra Singh Inaugurates Fabrication and Central Facilities under National Quantum Mission at IIT Bombay

  • Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology Jitendra Singh called upon society to contribute to the field of science and technology. He inaugurated the fabrication and central facilities under the National Quantum Mission, with a total outlay of Rs. 720 crore, at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Addressing the occasion, Singh stated that India is one of the very first countries in the world to have a National Quantum Mission.
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SPORTS

India Scripts History, Clinches Inaugural Women's T20 World Cup for the Blind

  • Making history in women's cricket, India emerged victorious in the first-ever Blind Women's T20 World Cup held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, by defeating Nepal in a clinical seven-wicket triumph on November 23, 2025. The final, played at the iconic P. Sara Oval, showcased India's dominance in the sport and marked a historic milestone for inclusive cricket. This win not only establishes India as the first champion of the blind women's T20 format but also underscores the nation's growing leadership in promoting disability sports at the international level.
  • The tournament featured six teams - India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Australia and the US.

Lakshya Sen Clinches Australian Open Super 500 Title

  • India's Lakshya Sen claimed the 2025 Australian Open Super 500 title in Sydney, defeating Japan's Yushi Tanaka in straight games, 21-15, 21-11. This emphatic victory marked Sen's first title of the year and his third career Super 500 crown, bringing a rewarding end to his international season. Ranked World No. 14, Sen dominated the final with clinical precision and steady nerves. The win was particularly significant after a year of near-misses and hard-fought performances, including a runner-up finish at the Hong Kong Open earlier in 2025.

The Khelo India University Games 2025

  • The fifth edition of the Khelo India University Games 2025 is being held in seven Rajasthan cities – Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kota and Bharatpur –from November 24 to December 5, 2025.
  • Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma and Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports Mansukh Mandaviya lit the ceremonial lamp marking the beginning of the event.
  • Around 7,000 participants, including nearly 5,000 athletes from 230 universities across the country, are taking part in the Games.
  • Athletes are competing in 23 sporting disciplines at the Khelo India University Games, while the traditional sport Kho-Kho will be showcased as a demonstration event.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

India, Canada to Resume Trade Deal Talks

  • India and Canada have agreed to resume talks for a free trade agreement (FTA), commerce and industry minister Piyush Goyal said as both countries aim to strengthen economic and trade ties. "We have agreed to begin negotiations for a high ambition Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) and double the trade between the two nations by 2030," Goyal said at a conference organised by Indo-Canadian Business chamber.
  • The minister said a CEPA or FTA has many strategic elements and it's the demonstration of trust between the two countries. He said it gives confidence to investors, it gives confidence to businesses, to the provinces to engage with the two countries and the underlying theme of any such pact has to be mutual trust and respect.

CSIR and ICMR Hold High-Level Brainstorming Meeting to Chart Joint Health Research Roadmap

  • The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) convened a high-level Brainstorming Meeting at the CSIR Science Centre, New Delhi, to strengthen ongoing collaborations and outline a forward-looking, integrated roadmap for joint health research.
  • The meeting was co-chaired by Dr. N. Kalaiselvi, Director General, CSIR and Secretary, DSIR, and Dr. Rajiv Bahl, Director General, ICMR and Secretary, Department of Health Research. Directors of several CSIR and ICMR laboratories, along with senior officials from both organisations, participated in the discussions.
  • During the deliberations, the two organisations reviewed the progress of major ongoing collaborative initiatives, including CSIR molecules moving into clinical trials, the status of ICMR-supported Centres of Advanced Research in CSIR laboratories, and the implementation of big-ticket projects. The need to continue and expand wastewater surveillance for multiple pathogens across cities, hospitals, and communities was highlighted, with a consensus to strengthen joint efforts through the One Health Mission.
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DEFENCE

India and Nepal Start 19th 'Suryakiran' Military Exercise

  • India and Nepal are conducting the 19th edition of the annual bilateral military Exercise Suryakiran from November 25 to December 8 in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand.
  • According to the Indian Army, the exercise with the Nepal Army aims to strengthen operational synergy in conducting jungle warfare and counter-terrorism operations in mountainous terrain.
  • It also focuses on integration of niche technology to enhance interoperability while sharing best practices, reflecting the shared commitment of India and Nepal towards global peace and security, while further deepening defence cooperation, camaraderie and mutual trust between both armies.
  • The exercise is an annual training event conducted alternatively in the two countries.

BEL & Safran Sign JV to Manufacture HAMMER Precision Weapon in India

  • Bharat Electronics Limited and Safran Electronics and Defence of France signed a Joint Venture Cooperation Agreement in New Delhi, for the production of Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range (HAMMER) Smart Precision Guided Air-to-Ground Weapon.
  • Ministry of Defence said that the agreement will localise the manufacturing, supply and maintenance of HAMMER to meet the operational needs of the Air Force and Navy.
  • The transfer of production will happen in a phased manner with Bharat Electronics Limited leading final assembly, testing and quality assurance. HAMMER is a combat-proven, precision-guided weapon system known for its high accuracy and modular design, making it adaptable for multiple platforms, including the Rafale and Light Combat Aircraft Tejas.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Dharmendra Passes Away

  • Bollywood mourned the loss of legendary and veteran actor Dharmendra who passed away in Mumbai at the age of 89, just days shy of his 90th birthday on December 8. Known affectionately as the 'He-Man of Bollywood', the veteran actor, whose unparalleled career spanned over six decades and 300 films.
  • Born Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol on December 8, 1935, in Nasrali, Punjab, he ventured into cinema in 1960 with the film 'Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere.' Dharmendra quickly rose to stardom in the mid-1960s with romantic and dramatic roles in films like 'Phool Aur Patthar' (1966) and 'Anupama' (1966).
  • His initial stardom was built on his striking good looks and ability to master both drama and comedy, as exemplified in Hrishikesh Mukerjee's 'Chupke Chupke.' He was honoured with the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award, in 2012.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

International Day for Elimination of Violence against Women

  • International Day for Elimination of Violence against Women is observed on November 25.
  • Women's rights activists have observed November 25 as a day against gender-based violence since 1981. This date was selected to honour the Mirabal sisters, three political activists from the Dominican Republic who were brutally murdered in 1960 by order of the country's ruler, Rafael Trujillo (1930-1961).
  • In February 2000, the General Assembly adopted resolution 54/134, officially designating November 25 as the International day for the Elimination of Violence against Women and in doing so, inviting governments, international organisations as well as NGOs to join together and organise activities designed to raise public awareness of the issue every year on that date.
  • The theme for International Day for Elimination of Violence against Women 2025 is 'UNiTE to End Digital Violence against All Women and Girls'.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Womaniya Initiative: Empowering Women through Public Procurement

  • In a step toward gender equality and inclusive economic development, the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) and UN Women, in November 2025, signed a Memorandum of Understanding under the Womaniya Initiative. The move supports Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) on Gender Equality and strengthens women's participation in public procurement.
  • Launched in 2019, the Womaniya initiative is a flagship programme on the GeM platform aimed at promoting women entrepreneurship. It empowers women-led micro and small enterprises (MSEs), self-help groups (SHGs), artisans, and marginalised women by enabling them to directly sell their goods and services to government buyers.

IIM Ranchi Receives AMBA Accreditation and Eduniversal 4 Palmes

  • In a major recognition of its growing global stature, the Indian Institute of Management Ranchi (IIM Ranchi) received international accreditation from the Association of MBAs (AMBA) and was also awarded 4 Palmes of Excellence in the Eduniversal Best Business Schools Ranking 2025. These accolades place IIM Ranchi among the elite global management institutions and reaffirm its position as a rising leader in India's competitive business education landscape.
  • The AMBA accreditation, considered one of the most selective and prestigious global recognitions in postgraduate management education, places IIM Ranchi in the top 2% of business schools worldwide that meet rigorous global standards.
  • This accreditation is awarded only after a comprehensive evaluation process that assesses an institution's,
  • Curriculum innovation
  • Pedagogical quality
  • Learning experience
  • Career outcomes for students
  • The 4 Palmes category is reserved for institutions with significant international influence and growing global academic engagement, distinguishing IIM Ranchi as a key player in shaping future-ready management talent.
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ART AND CULTURE

Sangai Festival 2025 in Manipur

  • Manipur's Sangai Festival, the state's biggest cultural event, opened in Imphal. The ten-day festival, which will run till November 30, is named after the rare Sangai deer.
  • The festival showcases Manipur's traditions, handloom, food, indigenous sports, and local crafts. Every year, it brings together more than 35 tribes and communities.
  • This year's edition includes events across multiple venues under the theme 'Where blossoms breathe harmony'.
  • Manipur governor Ajay Kumar Bhalla inaugurated the 10-day festival at the Bhagya Chandra Open Air Theatre in Imphal.
  • Named after the rare Sangai deer found only in Manipur, the festival has grown since 2010 into a major platform to showcase the state's heritage.
  • The aim of the festival is to bring more domestic and international tourists to the state by highlighting Manipur's diverse cultures and landscapes. It gives local artisans, weavers, farmers, and entrepreneurs a chance to display their work and find new markets.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Justice J.K. Maheshwari is Chairperson of Supreme Court Legal Services Committee

  • Supreme Court Justice Maheshwari was appointed as chairperson of the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee (SCLSC).
  • A gazette notification intimating the development was issued by the National Legal Services Authority.
  • The nomination of Justice Maheshwari was made by Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3A of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
  • Justice Maheshwari, who has been serving on the Supreme Court since 2021, will now head the SCLSC, which is responsible for providing free legal services to eligible litigants in matters before the Supreme Court.
  • The post was earlier held by Justice Surya Kant who was elevated as CJI.

Justice Vikram Nath Nominated Executive Chairman of National Legal Services Authority

  • Supreme Court judge, Justice Vikram Nath, was nominated as the next Executive Chairman of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).
  • His appointment is effective from November 24, 2025.
  • The position was previously held by Justice Surya Kant, who was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI).
  • The nomination was made by President of India Droupadi Murmu in exercise of powers conferred by Clause (b) of Section 3(2) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, which empowers the President to nominate a sitting Supreme Court judge to serve as Executive Chairman of NALSA.
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