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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

30 Oct 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The 20th East Asia Summit Adopts Kuala Lumpur Declaration

  • The 20th East Asia Summit adopted the Kuala Lumpur Declaration, reaffirming its commitment to peace and stability. The declaration was adopted during the Summit held in Kuala Lumpur. It called for close partnerships with other participating countries to promote strategic trust and to ensure transparent, predictable, and responsible behaviour in regional and international affairs.
  • The declaration also emphasised the importance of exchanging information on regional development cooperation, security policies, disaster management and discussions on the evolving regional architecture.

72 Nations Sign Historic UN Cybercrime Convention in Hanoi

  • In a defining moment for global cyber governance, 72 nations signed the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime in Hanoi. This landmark agreement creates the first universal legal framework to combat the escalating threat of cybercrime worldwide. Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2024 after five years of negotiations, the convention offers legally binding tools to tackle everything from ransomware and online fraud to child exploitation and the non-consensual sharing of intimate images.
  • The primary objective of the convention is to enhance global coordination in fighting cybercrime through,
  • Legislative frameworks to define cyber offences and guide national laws
  • Law enforcement cooperation across borders, including a 24/7 contact network
  • Technical support and capacity building, especially for developing countries
  • Facilitation of electronic evidence sharing in real time to expedite prosecutions
  • The treaty is legally binding and will enter into force 90 days after the 40th country ratifies it. With 72 signatories at launch, this threshold is expected to be reached swiftly.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

HAL to Manufacture Russian SJ�'100 Passenger Aircraft in India

  • Defence PSU Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Russia's United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to manufacture the SJ-100 civil commuter aircraft in India. The agreement, signed in Moscow marks a major step towards India producing a complete passenger aircraft for the first time since the Avro HS-748 project ended in 1988.
  • The SJ-100 is a twin-engine, narrow-body aircraft already in commercial service, with more than 200 units operating across 16 airlines worldwide. Under the new arrangement, HAL will have the rights to manufacture the aircraft for Indian customers.
  • As per the MoU, being billed as a big self-reliance push, HAL will have the rights to manufacture the aircraft for domestic customers.

Paytm Enables UPI for NRIs with Foreign Numbers

  • In a breakthrough for cross-border digital payments, Paytm introduced UPI payment support for NRIs using international mobile numbers. Announced in October 2025, this new service empowers Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) from 12 countries to make seamless UPI payments in India through the Paytm app, without needing an Indian SIM card.
  • The new feature enables NRIs to,
  • Make instant UPI transfers to Indian UPI IDs and mobile numbers
  • Pay merchants by scanning UPI QR codes across India
  • Shop online on Indian platforms using their existing NRE or NRO bank accounts
  • Skip forex conversion and traditional remittance charges
  • The following are the 12 countries: United States, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Australia, Canada, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Kuwait and Bahrain.
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SPORTS

Oman Replaces Pakistan in 2025 Junior Hockey World Cup

  • Oman replaces Pakistan in the FIH Men's Junior World after the latter withdrew from the tournament to be held in Chennai and Madurai from November 28 till December 10, the International Hockey Federation (FIH) confirmed.
  • Oman joins as the next highest placed team in the continental championship (Junior Asia Cup 2024), which was the qualifying tournament for the Junior World Cup.
  • For the first time, the FIH Hockey Junior World Cups 2025, for women and men, will each feature 24 teams, promoting greater accessibility to FIH events, which is a core principle of the FIH Empowerment and Engagement strategy.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

National Maritime Heritage Complex Logo Launched at India Maritime Week 2025

  • Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal, unveiled the logo of the proposed National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) at Lothal in Gujarat on the second day of India Maritime Week 2025 in Mumbai. He also released the NMHC Research Report on the occasion and inaugurated the Maritime Heritage Day celebrations. The launch marked a crucial step in showcasing and preserving India's vast maritime history and promoting it through digital, cultural, and tourism-led initiatives. The NMHC, to be established at Lothal in Gujarat, is envisioned as a world-class facility to commemorate India's ancient maritime legacy while inspiring future innovation in the sector.
  • The theme for India Maritime Week 2025 being held from October 27 to 31 is 'the theme 'Uniting Oceans, One Maritime Vision'.

The 3rd National Conference on National e-Vidhan Application

  • The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs organised the 3rd National Conference on the National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) in October 2025 in the Main Committee Room, Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi.
  • Kiren Rijiju, Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Minority Affairs and Dr. L. Murugan, Minister of State of Parliamentary Affairs and Information and Broadcasting will grace the occasion. Shri Nikunja Bihari Dhal, Secretary and Dr. Satya Prakash, Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs were also present during the conference.
  • The conference was attended by over 100 participants, including the Secretaries of Legislative Houses and Secretaries of the Nodal Departments of the concerned State Governments, who play a pivotal role in the implementation and operationalisation of the NeVA project in their respective States.
  • The NeVA is one of the 44 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) under the Digital India Programme of the Government of India. It aims to make the functioning of all State Legislatures paperless, transforming them into 'Digital Houses', and integrating all 37 Legislative Houses on a single digital platform under the vision of 'One Nation, One Application'.

President Murmu Takes Sortie in Rafale Fighter Jet

  • President Droupadi Murmu undertook a sortie in a Rafale fighter aircraft from the Air Force Station in Ambala, Haryana, becoming the first President of India to fly in two fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF). In April 2023, she had taken a sortie in a Sukhoi-30 MKI from the Tezpur Air Force Station in Assam.
  • The President, who is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces, flew for approximately 30 minutes covering about 200 kilometres before returning to the Air Force Station. The aircraft was flown by Group Captain Amit Gehani, Commanding Officer of the 17 Squadron.
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DEFENCE

Swan Defence, Mazagon Dock Sign Pact for Design and Construction of LPDs

  • Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) signed an agreement with Swan Defence and Heavy Industries for collaboration in the design and construction of Landing Platform Docks (LPDs) for the Indian Navy.
  • The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) had earlier this month (October 2025) accorded approval for the acquisition of LPDs - a critical capability addition for the Indian Navy to undertake amphibious operations, and deliver humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) missions.

Global Firework Index 2025

  • The Global Firepower Index 2025 ranks countries based on their military strength, defence capabilities, and global influence. It considers more than 60 factors, including manpower, equipment, technology, and defence budgets, to assess each nation's overall power. This annual ranking gives a clear picture of how nations compare in terms of military readiness and strategic strength.
  • According to the Global Firepower Index 2025 released in October 2025 the top 10 countries are: United States, Russia, China, India, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Türkiye and Italy.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

IIT Madras Bags Three National Science Awards

  • Three professors from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras were selected for the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025, one of the highest honours given by India for outstanding contributions to science and technology.
  • The recipients – Professor Thalappil Pradeep, Professor Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam, and Professor Shweta Prem Agrawal – have been recognised for their research in chemistry, healthcare innovation, and cryptography, respectively.
  • Professor Thalappil Pradeep of the Department of Chemistry was conferred with the Vigyan Shri award.
  • The Vigyan Yuva - Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award was given to Prof. Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Prof. Shweta Prem Agrawal of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

MSDE, ABCF and BITS Pilani Launch Innovation and Start-up Challenge for NSTI Students

  • Directorate General of Training (DGT) under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship joined hands with Aditya Birla Capital Foundation (ABCF) & Pilani Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Society (PIEDS), the incubator of BITS Pilani, to promote Innovation & Entrepreneurship among students in all National Skills Training Institutes (NSTI) across the country. NSTIs, under the aegis of DGT, provide vocational training to create a pool of Instructor trainees and skilled manpower for industries. At present, there are 33 NSTIs operational in the country, where more than 10,000 students pursuing skill training under the Craft Instructor Training Schemes (CITS) and Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS). There are designated NSTI (W) as well, that specifically focus on women's vocational training.
  • The innovation challenge has been launched under the title Navonmesh Protsahan Spardha: Kaushalta se Udyamita, with the objective to nurture skill-based innovation in NSTI students. Being a first of its kind innovation challenge, it will cater to 10,000+ NSTI students and will include mentoring, prizes, access to resources, and further incubation, for launching the ideas of students in the market. The focus of the program will be students with innovative ideas in IT/ITeS, Automotive, Apparel, Electronics & Hardware and Power, and Capital Goods & Manufacturing sectors. Pilani Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Society (PIEDS), the incubator of BITS Pilani, would be managing this program, and is being supported under the Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives of the Aditya Birla Capital Foundation.
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ART AND CULTURE

PM Participates in International Aryan Summit 2025

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the International Aryan Summit 2025 at Rohini, New Delhi. The programme formed a key part of the Jyāna Jyoti Festival commemorating the 200th birth anniversary of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati Ji and 150 years of Arya Samaj's service to society.
  • The Summit brought together representatives from Arya Samaj units across India and abroad — reflecting the universal relevance of Maharshi Dayanand's reformist ideals and the organisation's global outreach. It also featured an exhibition titled '150 Golden Years of Service', showcasing Arya Samaj's transformative journey through its contributions in education, social reform, and spiritual upliftment.
  • The Summit aimed to honour Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati's reformist and educational legacy, celebrate 150 years of Arya Samaj's service in education, social reform, and nation-building, and inspire global awareness of Vedic principles and Swadeshi values in alignment with Viksit Bharat 2047.
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TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY AWARENESS

Government Launches Tourism 'Vision 2029'

  • The Government of India launched an ambitious initiative to transform 50 domestic tourist destinations into world-class attractions by 2029. The plan, part of the Modi government's 'Tourism Boost Vision 2029', aims to redefine India's global image by creating experiences that combine cultural authenticity, natural beauty, and modern infrastructure across all regions of the country.
  • Under the scheme, each state and union territory has been asked to propose potential sites within a month. Selected destinations will undergo major upgrades over the next three to four years, guided by a central framework that focuses on sustainability, accessibility, and visitor engagement. From Kashmir's snow-covered valleys and Kerala's tranquil backwaters to Gujarat's coastal heritage and Assam's green hills, the initiative seeks to highlight India's diversity through a unified vision of excellence.
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