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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

30 Sep 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

India, Bhutan Approves First Rail Links Projects

  • India unveiled, in September 2025, its plan to build two cross-border train links with Bhutan at a cost of over Rs 4,000 crore, in first such railway connectivity projects with the Himalayan nation to boost trade and economic engagement.
  • The details on the new rail projects linking the Bhutanese cities of Gelephu and Samtse with Kokrajhar in Assam and Banarhat in West Bengal respectively was made public by Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw and Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri.
  • Under the two projects, 89 kms of railway lines will be laid and work is expected to be completed in the next four years.
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ENVIRONMENT

New Farming Technology Holds Potential to Stop Desertification

  • An innovative experiment, in September 2025, to grow wheat for the first time in the arid land, using desert 'soilification' technology powered by an indigenous bioformulation, holds the potential to stop the expansion of western Rajasthan's Thar desert towards the National Capital Region. The desertification process has speeded up with gradual destruction of the Aravali ranges.
  • Amid the changes in the rainfall pattern, spread of sand dunes, unscientific plantation drives and degradation of land, the researchers at the Central University of Rajasthan (CUoR) here have taken up an experiment for wheat farming, fighting against odds and coming to terms with the harsh desert ecology.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Department of Posts and Indian Institute of Packaging Signs Strategic MoU to Advance Sustainable Packaging Solutions for Postal Services

  • In a significant step towards promoting sustainable packaging practices and enhancing postal service efficiency, the Parcel Directorate, Department of Posts (DoP), Ministry of Communications, Government of India, in September 2025, signed a comprehensive Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Institute of Packaging (IIP), an autonomous body under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
  • The MoU was signed by Dr. Sudhir Jakhere, IPoS, APMG(BD & Mktg.), Department of Posts, and Dr. Babu Rao Guduri, Addl. Director, Indian Institute of Packaging, Mumbai at O/o Chief Postmaster General, Maharashtra Circle, Mumbai.
  • The partnership focuses on developing innovative and sustainable packaging solutions across multiple domains. Under the agreement, IIP will provide comprehensive packaging solutions, which include:
  • Delivering expert packaging solutions to elevate India Post's parcel services, focusing on sustainable alternatives to current materials like corrugated boxes and cloth wraps. Development of airworthy packaging for liquids and similar items, alongside eco-friendly, cost-efficient, durable, shockproof, lightweight, customizable, and scalable materials.

Bank of Baroda, IIFL Finance Enters Into Co-lending Partnership

  • Bank of Baroda (BoB) and IIFL Finance, in September 2025, entered into a co-lending partnership to offer gold loans. The loans will primarily target underserved and unbanked customer segments across semi-urban and rural India.
  • The collaboration aims to provide small borrowers with faster, easier, and more affordable credit for agricultural and allied activities, per a joint BoB and IIFL statement.
  • Under this agreement and in line with the Reserve Bank of India's guidelines on co-lending, IIFL Finance will originate and service the gold loans, while BoB will participate in the funding, with joint underwriting , enabling a seamless and scalable credit delivery mechanism.
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SPORTS

World Para Archery Championship: History-maker Sheetal, Toman Kumar Lead India to Two Titles

  • The 18-year-old Indian Sheetal Devi scripted history by becoming the first woman armless archer to win world championship gold in the compound individual section, and Toman Kumar replicated the title run in the corresponding men's event as India continued their good run at the Para World Archery Championships here on a riveting in September 2025.
  • India produced two world champions and a total of five medals, Sheetal added a new page to history book, defeating Turkiye's world No.1 Oznur Cure Girdi 146-143 to claim gold.
  • The Jammu and Kashmir archer, the only competitor without arms in the tournament, shoots using her feet and chin.

Chris Woakes Retires from International Cricket After 14-Year Career

  • England's reliable seam-bowling all-rounder Chris Woakes announced his retirement from international cricket. The 36-year-old, who made his debut in 2011, closes a career spanning 14 years, during which he represented England across formats with distinction. Known for his swing bowling, lower-order batting, and sportsmanship, Woakes leaves behind a legacy marked by World Cup triumphs, Ashes heroics, and unmatched resilience on the field.
  • Chris Woakes made his England debut during the 2010–11 Ashes tour of Australia, and from then on became one of the most dependable figures in England's setup.
  • Over 217 international matches, he picked up 396 wickets and scored 3705 runs, cementing himself as a genuine all-rounder.

ICC, UNICEF Launchs 'Promise to Children' Campaign

  • In a powerful fusion of sport and social responsibility, the International Cricket Council (ICC) and UNICEF launched the 'Promise to Children' digital campaign during the 2025 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup. The initiative seeks to engage players, fans, and the global cricket community in pledging support for equal opportunities and rights for children, particularly the most vulnerable.
  • The 'Promise to Children' campaign is designed to champion children's rights across key areas,
    - Quality education
    - Healthcare and nutrition
    - Access to safe water and sanitation
    - Protection from violence
    - Opportunities to play and grow
  • The campaign aims to use cricket's global popularity and influence to spotlight these issues and drive public commitments.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

India Re-elected to ICAO Council with Stronger Mandate

  • India re-elected to the Part II of the Council of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), a specialized UN agency. Part II comprises of States making the largest contribution to the provision of facilities for international civil air navigation. The election took place in September 2025, during the 42nd ICAO Assembly Session, held in Montreal conclude on 3rd October.
  • India secured more votes as compared to the 2022 elections, reflecting the growing confidence among Member States in its leadership and commitment to international civil aviation.
  • Earlier, on 2nd September 2025, the Ministry of Civil Aviation hosted a reception for Ambassadors and High Commissioners in New Delhi ahead of the 42nd ICAO assembly session. On this occasion, Minister for Civil Aviation Shri Rammohan Naidu had sought the support of Member States for India's candidature for re-election for the 2025-2028 term.
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DEFENCE

India Embassy in Israel Marks 107th Anniversary of Battle of Haifa

  • The Embassy of India in Israel commemorated the 107th anniversary of the Battle of Haifa, honouring the courage and valour of Indian soldiers of the erstwhile Jodhpur, Mysore and Hyderabad Lancers who liberated Haifa in 1918.
  • The ceremony was attended by Ambassador J.P. Singh, Haifa Mayor Yona Yahav and other dignitaries. Addressing the gathering, Haifa Mayor, Yona Yahav, said that in every school, we are changing the texts and saying that it wasn't the British but the Indians who liberated us.
  • Moreover, in a social media post, the India Embassy in Israel said that sacrifice of Indian soldiers for this land is a legacy that continues to strengthen the unbreakable bond of friendship between India and Israel.

Raksha Mantri Attends the 278th Annual Day of Defence Accounts Department

  • Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh attended the 278th Annual Day celebration of the Defence Accounts Department in October 2025 in New Delhi. As a part of the Ministry of Defence's Year of Reforms initiatives, Raksha Mantri launched a series of new publications aimed at strengthening institutional capacity of the Controller General of Defence Accounts and enhancing service delivery. These launches underscore the Department's ongoing commitment to modernisation, enhanced transparency, and greater support to the Defence Services.
  • On the occasion, Rajnath Singh also presented the Raksha Mantri Awards for Excellence 2025 to CGDA officials in recognition of their outstanding contributions to key departmental projects and reforms. The ceremony is highlighting the Department's emphasis on innovation, professional excellence and efficiency in defence financial management.

BSF Launches AI Powered Command Centre for Border Security

  • A new command and control system aided by artificial intelligence (AI) and geographic information system (GIS) facilities launched at the BSF headquarters here in September 2025, to "improve" the capability of the force in safeguarding the country's borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh.
  • The centre is named Decision Support System (DSS) and it will "enhance" the decision-making capability of commanders at all levels.
  • Harnessing the technological solutions, BSF will be able to meet emerging threats of border security. The centre was inaugurated by BSF Director General (DG) Daljit Singh Chawdhary.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

International Translation Day 2025

  • International Translation Day is observed every year on 30th September globally. The day is an opportunity to pay tribute to the work of language professionals, which plays an important role in bringing nations together, facilitating dialogue, understanding and cooperation, contributing to development and strengthening world peace and security. 
  • In 2017, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the role of language professionals in connecting nations and fostering peace, understanding and development, and declared 30th September as International Translation Day. 30th September is the day to celebrate the feast of St. Jerome, the Bible translator, who is considered the patron saint of translators.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Mansi Kasliwal Becomes 1st Woman to Head Caltech's Palomar Observatory

  • California Institute of Technology (Caltech) appointed Prof Mansi Manoj Kasliwal as director of Palomar Observatory, making her the first woman and the second PIO to lead the facility. Shrinivas Kulkarni (2006-18) was the first PIO to head the observatory, located atop Palomar Mountain in north San Diego, California.
  • Palomar Observatory is home to three active research telescopes: the 5.1m Hale Telescope, the 1.2m Samuel Oschin Telescope, and the 1.5m telescope. Research there is conducted by a wide community of astronomers from Caltech and other domestic and international partner institutions.
  • Kasliwal, a professor of astronomy at Caltech, is internationally recognised for her pioneering work on explosive cosmic events such as supernovae and colliding neutron stars. In 2022, she received New Horizons in Physics Prize for her leadership in electromagnetic follow-ups of cosmic phenomena.
  • Born in Indore, Kasliwal moved to the US at 15. She earned her bachelor's degree from Cornell University in 2005 and completed her PhD in astronomy at Caltech in 2011. After postdoctoral research at Carnegie Observatories, she returned to Caltech, where she is now a tenured professor.

SAIL-MTI and IIM Jammu Signs MoU to Foster Future-Ready Leadership

  • Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), through its Management Training Institute (MTI) entered into an MoU with the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Jammu to collaborate on Executive Education Programmes aimed at building future-ready leaders. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was formally signed in September 2025, at SAIL's Corporate Office, Ispat Bhawan, New Delhi.
  • In line with SAIL's commitment to develop capable leaders for a changing business landscape, this collaboration is a key step toward strengthening organizational capacity, adopting global best practices and advancing the shared goal of nation-building through leadership excellence.
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TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY AWARENESS

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Introduces Four New Visit Visa Categories

  • The United Arab Emirates (UAE) introduced four new visit visa categories aimed at attracting specialists in artificial intelligence, entertainment, events, and tourism through cruise ships and leisure boats.
  • The new regulations are designed to reinforce the UAE's approach of openness to the world and its efforts to attract talent, expertise, and entrepreneurs in the fields of technology, particularly artificial intelligence, as well as entertainment and tourism.
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ART AND CULTURE

Telangana's Bathukamma Festival Creates Two Guinness World Records

  • In Telangana, the celebrations of Bathukamma Festival, organised by the state Government, set two new Guinness World Records in September 2025. The event held at the Saroornagar Stadium in Hyderabad. The two world records for its largest Bathukamma floral decoration consist of about seven tonnes of flowers and of 63.11 feet high, 11 feet wide. The second record for the highly synchronised performance by a large number of women, of 1354.
  • The representatives of the Guinness World Records declared the performance as a world record and presented certificates to State Tourism Minister Krishna Rao and Women Development Minister Anasuya Sitakka.
  • The Bathukamma was built by around 300 workers with metal, bamboo, and flowers, and the structure took 72 hours to complete.
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