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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

22 May 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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ENVIRONMENT

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki Erupts: Red Alert Issued Over Volcanic Ash Cloud

  • Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki, a volcano located on Indonesia's Flores Island, erupted twice on May 19, 2025, sending ash clouds soaring up to 0.7 miles (1.1 km) above its peak. The Indonesian authorities raised the volcano's alert status to the highest level amid warnings of a potentially more severe eruption. The eruption poses significant health, environmental, and aviation risks, prompting the issuance of a red alert by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin, Australia.

Arunachal Pradesh Welcomes New Butterfly Species: Euthalia malaccana Recorded for the First Time

  • Arunachal Pradesh's Leparada district has added a remarkable new member to India's butterfly family with the confirmed sighting of Euthalia malaccana. Previously considered a subspecies or restricted to Southeast Asia, this butterfly species' definitive presence in India extends the known range of Euthalia malaccana in the Indo-Australian region. This discovery, verified through extensive fieldwork and photographic documentation, enriches the biodiversity record of the northeastern region and highlights the importance of citizen science in wildlife research.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

6th Meeting of National Traders' Welfare Board held in New Delhi

  • The 6th meeting of the National Traders' Welfare Board (NTWB) was convened at Vanijya Bhawan, New Delhi, on 20th May 2025.
  • A key focus of the meeting was the 'Vocal for Local' initiative aimed at promoting indigenous industries and locally manufactured goods. Shri Singhi urged all Board members to actively advocate for this initiative in their respective States and Union Territories. All members present took a symbolic pledge to act as ambassadors of the movement, thereby strengthening its reach and impact across the country.
  • Shri Singhi also emphasised the role of digital transformation in empowering India's small traders. He encouraged the adoption of digital platforms like the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), noting that such initiatives can significantly enhance market access and income opportunities for small retailers. Members were urged to support the onboarding of local traders onto such platforms to ensure their integration into the digital economy.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DoT Launches Financial Fraud Risk Indicator to Tackle Cyber Crime

  • In a proactive move to safeguard India's fast-growing digital economy, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has introduced the Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI), a powerful analytics tool under the Digital Intelligence Platform (DIP). This initiative aims to identify and block mobile numbers linked to potential financial frauds, thereby bolstering cyber safety and helping institutions such as banks and UPI platforms prevent fraudulent transactions.
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SPORTS

Spain and Liverpool Legend Pepe Reina to Retire at 42

  • Former Spain and Liverpool goalkeeper Pepe Reina has officially announced that he will retire from professional football at the end of the 2024–25 season. Currently playing for Como in Serie A, the 42-year-old will conclude a remarkable career that has spanned over two decades and included over 1,000 competitive appearances across some of Europe's top clubs. Reina, known for his consistency and leadership, will play his final match against Inter Milan.
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DEFENCE

China and Cambodia Launch "Golden Dragon-2025" to Boost Military Ties

  • China and Cambodia have commenced the "Golden Dragon-2025" joint military exercise at a training center in Cambodia, reflecting a significant expansion in scale, scope, and sophistication of their bilateral defense cooperation. This year's drill showcases advanced unmanned combat systems and covers land, sea, and air operations, aiming to strengthen tactical coordination, humanitarian response, and counter-terrorism capabilities.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Geeta Samota: First CISF Officer to Summit Mount Everest

  • In a moment of national pride and individual triumph, CISF Sub-Inspector Geeta Samota etched her name in history by becoming the first officer from the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) to summit Mount Everest, the world's highest peak. Her incredible ascent on May 19, 2025, symbolizes not only the power of perseverance but also highlights the growing contribution of Indian women in adventure sports and paramilitary excellence.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

National Anti-Terrorism Day 2025: Promoting Unity Against Violence

  • India observes National Anti-Terrorism Day every year on May 21 to commemorate the death anniversary of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. This day serves as a reminder of the catastrophic consequences of terrorism and violence, urging people to maintain peace, harmony, and unity in society. The observance also reflects India's unwavering commitment to fighting terrorism and honoring the memory of all those who have lost their lives to such acts of violence.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Banu Mushtaq Makes History with International Booker Prize Win

  • Indian author, lawyer, and activist Banu Mushtaq has made literary history by winning the International Booker Prize 2025 for her short story anthology, Heart Lamp. The award marks the first time a Kannada-language work has received this prestigious international honor. Translated into English by Deepa Bhasthi, the book highlights the nuanced struggles and resilience of Muslim women in southern India.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Centre Launches e-Zero FIR to Fast-Track Cybercrime Cases

  • In a significant push toward combating cybercrime, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has launched a new initiative called e-Zero FIR under its Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). The move, announced by Union Home Minister Amit Shah on May 20, 2025, aims to enable swift registration of FIRs in high-value cyber financial fraud cases. Currently launched as a pilot project in Delhi, the system will automatically convert complaints filed via the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) or helpline 1930 into Zero FIRs for cases involving losses above Rs. 10 lakh—significantly enhancing the response time in apprehending cybercriminals.

PM Modi Inaugurates 103 Amrit Stations Across 18 States Under ₹1,100 Crore Plan

  • On May 22, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated 103 redeveloped Amrit Stations across 86 districts in 18 states, marking a major milestone under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme. Developed at a cost of over ₹1,100 crore, these modernized stations aim to transform the passenger experience by enhancing comfort, connectivity, and convenience while celebrating India's rich cultural and architectural heritage. This initiative is part of a broader national effort to modernize over 1,300 railway stations and uplift infrastructure in line with India's growing transit needs.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

WHO Adopts First-Ever Global Pandemic Treaty

  • In a landmark development, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the world's first global pandemic treaty during its annual World Health Assembly in Geneva on May 20, 2025. The agreement, passed by a vote of 124 in favor, none against, and 11 abstentions, aims to create a more equitable and coordinated global health response to future pandemics. The absence of the United States — a former WHO member — raises concerns about implementation and funding.
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