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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

19 May 2025

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Portugal PM's Party Wins Snap Election

  • Portugal's governing right-of-centre Democratic Alliance won snap parliamentary elections - the third in as many years - again falling short of a majority.
  • Its leader Luís Montenegro promised supporters to "stimulate investment" and to "guarantee prosperity and social justice".
  • Socialist leader Pedro Nuno Santos announced his resignation after his party finished in second, and lost so many seats it ended up neck-and-neck with far-right Chega - a relatively newcomer.
  • The Socialists could even slip behind Chega if results from voters abroad, which take a few days to come in, mirror those in last year's election, when two out of the four seats went to Chega, and one to the Socialists.

Taiwan is Not Ruling Out 'Political Warfare' by China

  • Taiwan's coast guard said that China could try to disrupt public morale on the island ahead of President Lai Ching-te's one-year anniversary this week, after images surfaced on social media of a person planting a Chinese flag on a Taiwan beach.
  • China calls Lai, who completes a year in office, a separatist, and has rebuffed his offers for talks.
  • The Taiwanese China Policy Council, which is responsible for Mainland Affairs in Taiwan, said last week that Beijing may conduct more military exercises to "stoke up trouble" during the anniversary.
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ENVIRONMENT

Yala Glacier Declared 'Dead' in Nepal a Local Mourning on Loss

  • The Yala Glacier in Nepal, once a crucial site for glaciological training and cryosphere research in the Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH), has been officially declared 'dead', marking a significant and symbolic loss in the global climate crisis. Scientists, local communities, and monks gathered in Langtang, Nepal, to hold a poignant memorial for the glacier, which has retreated dramatically over recent decades. This event highlights the severe impact of global warming on Himalayan glaciers, with profound consequences for water security and ecological stability across South Asia.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Global Economic Forum Successfully Organised India Russia Economic Summit at Moscow & Saint Petersburg

  • Hari Krishna Maram, Founder and Chairman of the Global Economic Forum, delivered the inaugural address. The event was supported by several distinguished leaders, including Chief Adviser to the Russian President and Executive Secretary of the Eastern Economic Forum (EEF) Organising Committee, Mr. Anton Kobyakov; Russia's First Deputy Prime Minister, Denis Manturov; H.E., Valeri Khodzhaev, Consul General of the Russian Federation in India; and other eminent leaders.
  • The highly anticipated India-Russia Economic Summit 2025, organised by the Global Economic Forum, has successfully concluded in Moscow and St. Petersburg. This landmark event, held from May 8th to 13th, brought together key leaders, business delegates, and policymakers from both nations to strengthen bilateral economic ties and explore new avenues for cooperation. The summit also coincided with the grand celebration of the 80th Victory Day, a historic occasion witnessed by Indian delegates amidst the vibrant festivities in Moscow.

RBI to Issue New Rs 20 Banknotes with Governor Sanjay Malhotra's Signature

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced that it will soon release new Rs 20 denomination banknotes bearing the signature of the newly appointed RBI Governor, Sanjay Malhotra. These banknotes will be part of the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series and will retain the same design, features, and motifs as the notes currently in circulation.

ICRA Revises Outlook for Indian Telecom Tower Industry to 'Stable'

  • Credit rating agency ICRA revised the outlook for the Indian telecom tower industry to 'Stable' from 'Negative', following consistent, timely payments from telecom service providers and the clearance' of past dues.
  • The industry had previously been under pressure due to delayed payments, which resulted in elongated receivable cycles and liquidity challenges for tower companies. However, ICRA noted a significant improvement in the payment cycle, with receivable days now reduced to around 45–60 days—well below its threshold of 80 days for a negative outlook.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ISRO's 101st Mission Fails as PSLV Rocket Suffers Malfunction

  • In a rare failure, India's main rocket PSLV developed problems a few minutes after take-off and failed to place earth observation satellite EOS-09 into the intended orbit in an early morning launch.
  • It was not immediately clear what caused the failure of the flight. In a short statement, ISRO said that the problem was observed in the third stage but did not give any details.
  • This was the 101st mission launched by ISRO, and the 63rd one using the PSLV rocket, which is the most successful launch vehicle developed by India's space agency. PSLV has failed on only two earlier occasions.

NASA's GRAIL Mission Solves Lunar Mystery of Moon's Asymmetry

  • In a major breakthrough, a new NASA study based on data from the GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) mission finally resolved a decades-old mystery about why the Moon's nearside looks dramatically different from its far-side. The findings provide crucial insights into the Moon's internal structure, volcanic history, and thermal evolution.
  • NASA launched the GRAIL in 2011 from Cape Canaveral via Delta II rocket.
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SPORTS

Praggnanandhaa Clinches First Grand Chess Tour Title at Superbet Classic

  • Indian chess prodigy Grandmaster R. Praggnanandhaa achieved a major milestone in his career by winning his first-ever Grand Chess Tour tournament — the Superbet Classic 2025 held in Bucharest, Romania. He emerged victorious after a tense tiebreak battle against top-ranked players including Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and Alireza Firouzja, marking a historic moment for Indian chess on the global stage.

Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya Launches Annual Calendar under Khelo India to Strengthen India's Sporting Ecosystem

  • In a step to strengthen grassroots sports and athlete development across the country, Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS), Government of India, Mansukh Mandaviya  launched a comprehensive Annual Calendar under the Khelo India initiative.
  • This effort reflects the government's vision of building a structured, inclusive, and competitive sporting ecosystem that engages youth across diverse disciplines throughout the year.

Alcaraz Captures Seventh ATP Masters 1000 Title

  • Young Spanish tennis sensation Carlos Alcaraz ended world number one Jannik Sinner's 26-match winning streak, securing the Italian Open title in Rome.
  • With this victory, Alcaraz secured his seventh ATP Masters 1000 title. He defeated Sinner by 7-6(5), 6-1 in an absorbing match-up that lasted an hour and 44 minutes. He saved two set points in the first set and never looked back from there.
  • The 2025 edition of the Italian Open was the 82nd edition of the Italian Open.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

After Tharoor, Manish Tewari Agrees to be on Government Outreach Panel

  • After Shashi Tharoor, Chandigarh MP and former Minister Manish Tewari declared he would travel with the government delegation appointed to undertake global outreach on Operation Sindoor and Pakistan-sponsored terrorism.
  • Tharoor and Tewari, besides Salman Khurshid and Amar Singh, are among Congress leaders who feature in the final list of multi-party delegations the government finalised for travel across countries between May 24 and June 3. None of these four are on the official Congress nominee list for the exercise.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Observes Swachhata Pakhwada 2025

  • The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) observed Swachhata Pakhwada 2025 from May 1 to 15, 2025 at its Headquarters in New Delhi and across all its constituents' laboratories/ institutes/units, as part of the Government of India's flagship Swachh Bharat Mission, aimed at realising Mahatma Gandhi's dream of a clean and hygienic India. The "Swachhata Pakhwada" is a concept inspired by the Prime Minister's vision. The Pakhwada was organized in accordance with the Calendar of Swachhata Pakhwada 2025 issued by the Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India

Jaishankar Embarks on Visits Netherlands, Denmark and Germany

  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar embarked on a six-day visit of the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany during which he is expected to highlight Pakistan's relentless support for cross-border terrorism.
  • Jaishankar will meet the leadership of the three countries and hold discussions with his counterparts on the entire gamut of bilateral relations, regional and global matters of mutual interest.
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DEFENCE

Adani Defence & Aerospace and Sparton Enter into Strategic Partnership to Indigenise Sonobuoys for India

  • Adani Defence & Aerospace signed a binding collaboration agreement with Sparton (DeLeon Springs LLC), a group company of Elbit Systems and a leading provider of advanced Anti-submarine warfare systems.
  • This partnership marks a significant step toward localising the assembly of complex electronic systems and advanced Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) solutions for the Indian and global markets.
  • Adani Defence & Aerospace claimed that it became the first private sector company in India to offer indigenised sonobuoy solutions.
  • The partnership will combine Sparton's pioneering ASW technology with Adani Defence's established expertise in development, manufacturing, and sustenance for the Indian Navy.

Exercise Teesta Prahar

  • Exercise Teesta Prahar was military field exercise conducted by the Indian Army. It took place at the Teesta Field Firing Range in West Bengal. The exercise aimed to validate the operational readiness of various combat and support elements in challenging riverine terrain. It brought into light the Indian Army's commitment to modernisation and joint force integration.
  • Teesta Prahar involved multiple branches of the Indian Army, including Infantry, Artillery, Armoured Corps, Mechanised Infantry, Para Special Forces, Army Aviation, Engineers, and Signals. The exercise simulated realistic battlefield conditions to test the effectiveness of integrated operations. It served as a platform to demonstrate the Army's preparedness for diverse combat scenarios.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Fair Play Day Celebrating the Power of Sports to Unite and Inspire

  • Starting in 2025, the United Nations General Assembly officially proclaimed May 19 as World Fair Play Day, marking a global recognition of sport's role in promoting peace, inclusion, and justice. Backed by several member states, this new observance emphasises the transformative power of sports beyond just competition — as a tool for unity, discipline, and respect.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

President Murmu Confers Highest Literary Honour to Gulzar & Rambhadracharya

  • President Droupadi Murmu presented the 58th Jnanpith Award to poet-lyricist Gulzar and scholar-saint Rambhadracharya at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. This prestigious event honoured two iconic figures whose contributions have profoundly shaped Indian literature—Gulzar through his emotionally resonant poetry and songwriting, and Rambhadracharya through his erudite Sanskrit and Hindi compositions, along with his work in education and spiritual literature.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

IIT Bombay to Launch First Dual-Degree Programme with Japan's Tohoku University

  • The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT-B) is set to mark its international debut by establishing a dual degree PhD programme in Japan. It will set up a Centre with Tohoku University in the next year (2026). Presently, PhD programme will be offered. In due course, joint Masters' programmes will be offered.
  • Tohoku University is a renowned and government-supported Japanese institution. This joint effort will commence with a research-focused PhD programme, with MTech courses to be introduced soon after.
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