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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

10 Oct 2024

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Bangladesh Forms Nine-Member Constitution Reform Commission

  • Bangladesh's interim government established a nine-member Constitution Reform Commission, headed by Bangladeshi-American professor Ali Riaz, to review and propose reforms within 90 days. The commission, formed after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned, aims to create a more representative and democratic framework. Members include professors, legal experts, and student representatives, with student Mahfuj Alam serving as special assistant to Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus. The commission is part of broader reforms announced by Yunus, which include commissions for judiciary, police, electoral system, public administration, and anti-corruption.
  • The interim government also announced five other commissions to reform key sectors. The commissions aim to strengthen governance, particularly in the judiciary and electoral systems, for free and fair elections. Final consultations with political parties will follow these reforms.
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ENVIRONMENT

Wildlife Population Declined by 73% in 50 Years: WWF Report

  • The World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) biennial living planet report, monitored global wildlife populations declined by 73 per cent in the last 50 years, owing to habitat loss, degradation, impacts of climate change and invasive species.
  • In India, the decline of three vulture species – white-rumped vulture, Indian vulture, and slender-billed vulture, has been alarming, WWF said.
  • The report's conclusions were based on tracking 35,000 population trends and 5,495 species of amphibians, mammals, birds, fish and reptiles. To be sure, the decline is not in terms of the number of populations lost but the average changes in monitored animal populations around the world. Among the different ecosystems, the freshwater populations saw the highest decline with their populations falling by 85 per cent, followed by terrestrial populations, which saw a 69 per cent decline and a 56 per cent decline in marine populations, according to the report. Habitat loss, over exploitation, climate change, pollution, invasive species, diseases were the dominant drivers of the decline of wildlife. Habitat loss was driven by unsustainable agriculture, fragmentation, logging, mining, to name a few causes.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Tata Electronics Appoints Bobby Mitra as CIO & prez of AI, Digital Wing

  • Tata Electronics appointed Bobby Mitra as Chief Information Officer (CIO) and President of AI and Digital Transformation.
  • In this role, Mitra will drive enterprise-wide initiatives in AI and digital transformation for electronic manufacturing services, semiconductor assembly and test, semiconductor foundry, and design services businesses.
  • Mitra and his team will be instrumental in advancing Tata Electronics' commitment to AI-led manufacturing excellence, particularly in establishing India's first semiconductor Fab in Dholera, Gujarat and the first indigenous semiconductor assembly and test facility in Jagiroad, Assam.

Manish Tiwary New Managing Director of Nestlé India Limited

  • Manish Tiwary, former head of Amazon India, was appointed as the Managing Director of Nestlé India Limited. His tenure will begin on August 1, 2025, following the retirement of the company's current Chairman and Managing Director, Suresh Narayanan, who will step down on July 31, 2025. This leadership change marks an important phase for Nestlé India as it moves forward under the guidance of a seasoned business leader with nearly three decades of experience in the consumer goods and e-commerce sectors.
  • Manish Tiwary's appointment as the Managing Director of Nestlé India is being viewed as a move towards driving digital transformation and supply chain modernization in the FMCG sector. Tiwary brings with him a wealth of experience, having spent the majority of his career leading large-scale operations, both in the consumer goods and e-commerce industries.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Europe Creating Its Own Moon at LUNA Facility

  • European scientists are investigating the feasibility of building a moon replica on Earth. To achieve this, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Aerospace Centre established the LUNA Analog Facility. This facility, located near Cologne, Germany, features 900 tons of crushed volcanic rock to mimic the lunar surface.
  • To simulate the moon's low-gravity conditions, scientists plan to use movable ceiling-mounted trolleys that can track the movements of rovers or astronauts, creating a similar experience to what they would encounter on the moon.
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SPORTS

Andrés Iniesta Announces Retirement

  • Andrés Iniesta, the Spaniard, maestro of the game announced retirement from professional football after a long 22 years serving in the field. The player represented the National team of Spain and FC Barcelona, one of the best clubs in the world.

Kashmir Hosts International Cricket Match after Four Decades

  • It is after four decades that Kashmir Valley witnessed an International Cricket Match in Srinagar's Bakshi Stadium. Indian and International cricketing stars played cricket in the Valley during the final leg of the Legends League Cricket 2024.
  • Srinagar is hosting over a 100 International Cricketing stars for the Legends League Cricket. Cricketers like Mohammad Kaif, Shikhar Dhawan, Dinesh Karthik, Harbhajan Singh, Suresh Raina, Chris Gayle, Ross Taylor and lan Bell arrived to be live in action in Kashmir for the first time ever. Seven matches including the final will be played between October 9 and 16, 2024 at the Bakshi Stadium in Srinagar.

Lakshya Sen, Kiran George in Second Round of Arctic Open

  • India's star shuttler Lakshya Sen progressed to the men's singles Round of 16 at the Arctic Open Super 500 tournament in Vantaa, Finland after his opponent Rasmus Gemke withdrew from the opening round match. Indian qualifier Kiran George shocked world No. 25 Wang Tzu Wei of Chinese Taipei 23-21 21-18 and advanced to the pre-quarter-finals.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Two Independent MLAs Join BJP after Party's Big Win in Haryana Elections

  • A day after the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a majority in Assembly elections in the Indian state of Haryana, two independent Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), joined the saffron outfit in a big boost for the ruling party.
  • Devender Kadyan and Rajesh Joon joined the BJP at Union Minister and Haryana in-charge Dharmendra Pradhan's house in the presence of state BJP chief Mohan Lal Badoli. Kadyan had won from Ganaur as an Independent, while Joon defeated his BJP rival to secure victory in Bahadurgarh.

PM Modi Inaugurates Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) Mumbai

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) in Mumbai, aiming to enhance youth employability and create an industry-ready workforce for Industry 4.0. The IIS, built on a 4-acre campus at the National Skill Training Institute, focuses on cutting-edge technologies like factory automation, AI, data analytics, and additive manufacturing.
  • Established under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between the Ministry of Skill Development and Tata IIS, it emphasises aligning Indian youth's skills with global standards. The event also marked the launch of several development projects in Maharashtra worth over Rs. 7600 crore.
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DEFENCE

DRDO Chief Inaugurates Advanced Land-Based Submarine Battery Test Facility in Visakhapatnam

  • Based Submarine Battery Test Facility at NSTL, Visakhapatnam. Event was attended by DG (N&SM), Director NSTL and other senior scientists of NSTL.
  • This facility will cater to test submarine battery based on lithium Ion technology developed by NSTL The Transfer-of-Technology holder HBL Power Systems, Hyderabad.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Tata Sons Chairman Ratan Tata Passes Away

  • The Chairman Emeritus of Tata Sons and recipient of India's second highest civilian honour, Padma Vibhushan, Ratan Tata passed away. He was 86 years old.
  • In 2008, he received the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour in India, after receiving the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian honour in 2000. He joined Tata in 1961, where he worked on the shop floor of Tata Steel. He later succeeded J. R. D. Tata as chairman of Tata Sons upon the latter's retirement in 1991. Under his tenure the Tata Group acquired Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover, and Corus, in an attempt to turn Tata from a largely India-centric group into a global business.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Mental Health Day

  • World Mental Health Day is observed annually on October 10. This global observance aims to raise awareness about mental health issues and mobilise efforts in support of mental health care worldwide.
  • World Mental Health Day was founded in 1992 by the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH), led by Deputy Secretary General Richard Hunter. This was first observed on October 10 when 12 countries participated. The goal of this day is to spread awareness, reduce stigma related to mental health and mobilise global support.
  • The theme for World Mental Health Day 2024 is 'It is Time to Prioritize Mental Health in the Workplace'.

World Sight Day

  • World Sight Day is an annual event observed on the second Thursday of October (In 2024 it was observed on October 10), aimed at raising awareness about eye health and visual impairment worldwide. Organised by the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB), World Sight Day brings attention to the growing need for access to eye care services and encourages governments, organisations, and individuals to prioritise the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairments.
  • World Sight Day was established in the year 2000 by the IAPB as part of its "VISION 2020: The Right to Sight" initiative. The initiative was a collaboration between the World Health Organisation (WHO) and IAPB, aimed at eliminating preventable blindness by the year 2020. The first observance of World Sight Day marked the beginning of a long-term strategy to fight global vision impairment.
  • The theme for World Sight Day 2024 is 'Children, love your eyes'. It emphasises the significance of safeguarding eye health and vision, raising awareness about vision impairment and blindness, and promoting proper eye and vision care.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Baker, Hassabis, Jumper Awarded Nobel 2024 in Chemistry for Pioneering Protein Research

  • The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to David Baker for his innovative work in computational protein design and to Demis Hassabis and John M. Jumper for their groundbreaking AI-based protein structure prediction. These discoveries, recognised by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, represent major advancements in understanding and designing proteins.

Celebrating Excellence in Indian Cinema at the National Film Awards

  • The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting confers the prestigious National Film Awards along with cinema's highest honour, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award each year. The 70th National Film Awards were conferred by President Draupadi Murmu.
  • The Awards aim at encouraging the production of films of aesthetic & technical excellence and social relevance contributing to the understanding and appreciation of cultures of different regions of the country in cinematic form, thereby also promoting unity and integrity of the nation.
  • The National Film Awards were established in 1954 to promote cinematic excellence in India.
  • The first edition of the awards was held for films released in 1953 and was initially referred to as the 'State Awards'.
  • The first awards included two President's Gold Medals, two certificates of merit, and 12 silver medals for regional films.
  • The inaugural event spanned two days, featuring exhibitions and the premiere of two documentaries alongside the awards presentation.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Odisha Launches Gramodaya Scheme for Welfare Programs in LWE Hit Villages

  • The Odisha government launched Gramodaya, a new scheme to ensure that welfare programmes reach the people living in the Left Wing Extremism (LWE)-affected districts.
  • This initiative covers 583 villages spread across 10 LWE-affected districts of the state.
  • The initiative is to be implemented in the districts of Bargarh, Balangir, Boudh, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur, Nuapada and Rayagada.
  • The objective of the programme is to converge all the departments of the state government which will work together to ensure effective development of the LWE hit areas. However, there is no special budgetary allocation for the initiative as funds would come from departments earmarked for different schemes.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

NCERT Partners with Amazon for K-12 Books; to Triple-fold Publication of Textbooks

  • The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) will triple-fold the publication of textbooks and print 15 crore books this year, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan announced. The announcement was made at an event for the signing of a Letter of Engagement between NCERT and Amazon.
  • This partnership, formalised through a Letter of Engagement (LoE), guarantees that NCERT books will be available at Maximum Retail Price (MRP) across all serviceable pin codes in India, while ensuring that students have access to genuine learning material and resources.

Jharkhand Doubles Students' Quota for Overseas Scholarships

  • The Jharkhand government doubled the quota of students eligible for the Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Overseas Scholarship scheme from 25 to 50.
  • This was approved during a cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Hemant Soren.

IISc Bangalore Position Slips in Times Higher Education's World University Rankings 2025

  • Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, slipped to the 251-300 band in the latest Times Higher Education's World University Rankings 2025, which were released. While it retained its position as the top Indian university, IISc failed to enter the global top 250.
  • The rankings of Anna University, Mahatma Gandhi University, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences and Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences improved with all four entering the 401-500 band.
  • The University of Oxford retained the number one position in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for the ninth year in a row followed by MIT. Moreover, US and UK universities dominate the top 10 position.
  • The UK-based Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2025 feature 2092 universities from over 100 countries and regions.
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ART AND CULTURE

A National Maritime Heritage Complex in Lothal

  • The Union Cabinet approved the development of the National Maritime Heritage Complex in Gujarat's Lothal.
  • Union Information & Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said that the project aims to showcase India's 4,500-year-old diverse maritime heritage. He said that once fully developed, it will be the world's greatest maritime complex, adding that the project is being developed by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
  • The proposed complex will have several components including a Lighthouse Museum and a five-dimensional theatre offering interactive experiences. It will be completed in two phases.
  • While the project's Phase 1A is already under implementation with more than 60 per cent physical progress and is planned to be completed by 2025, the Cabinet accorded in-principle approval for Phase 1B and Phase 2, as per the master plan, by raising funds through voluntary resources/ contributions and their execution (will be carried out) after raising of the funds.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Justice Manoj Kumar Tiwari Takes Over as Acting Chief Justice of Uttarakhand High Court

  • The Central government cleared the appointment of Justice Manoj Kumar Tiwari as the acting Chief Justice of Uttarakhand High Court.
  • Justice Tiwari took over as acting Chief Justice upon retirement of incumbent Chief Justice Ritu Bahri on October 10.
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