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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

26 Apr 2024

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Russia Vetoes UN Vote on Stopping Arms Race in Outer Space

  • Russia vetoed a UN Security Council resolution calling on all nations to prevent a dangerous nuclear arms race in outer space, describing it as 'a dirty spectacle'.
  • The draft resolution, put forward by the US and Japan, sought to reaffirm a principle already set out in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.
  • It also called on countries to uphold the Outer Space Treaty, under which all parties agreed 'not to place in orbit around the Earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction'.
  • Of the council's 15 members, 13 voted in favour, while Russia - one of five permanent members with a veto - voted against and China abstained.

Prabowo Subianto Declared Indonesia's President-Elect Amid Controversy

  • Indonesia's electoral commission officially declared Prabowo Subianto as the President-elect after the country's highest court rejected challenges to his landslide victory lodged by two losing presidential candidates. Subianto, currently serving as the Defence Minister, secured 58.6% of the votes, amounting to more than 96 million ballots, which is more than twice the number received by either of his rivals.
  • However, Subianto's victory was not without controversy, as his opponents alleged widespread fraud and state interference in the electoral process. Authorities deployed over 4,200 police and soldiers to maintain order during the declaration ceremony held at the General Election Commission compound.
  • Prabowo Subianto, a longtime commander in Indonesia's Kopassus special forces, was discharged from the military in 1998 after Kopassus soldiers tortured activists who opposed dictator Suharto, his father-in-law. Although he denies any involvement, several of his men were tried and convicted.
  • Subianto went into self-exile in Jordan before returning and founding the Gerindra Party in 2008. He has previously worked closely with hard-line Islamists to undermine his opponents and made three unsuccessful bids for the presidency, challenging his own losses to Widodo in 2019, which led to violence that claimed nine lives in Jakarta.

Italian PM Meloni Invites PM Modi to G7 Summit Outreach Session in June

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi received an invitation from his Italian counterpart Giorgia Meloni to attend the G7 Summit Outreach Session in Italy on June 13-15.
  • Modi thanked Italian Prime Minister Meloni for the invite to the G7 Summit Outreach Sessions to be held in Italy's Puglia.
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ENVIRONMENT

Karnataka and Gujarat Lead India's Clean Energy Transition

  • A report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) and Ember evaluated the progress of India's clean electricity transition at the state level. While Karnataka and Gujarat maintained strong performances, states like Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh lag behind, necessitating increased efforts for renewable energy integration and decarbonisation.

Fourth Session on Global Plastics Treaty Negotiations

  • The fourth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-4) to develop an international legally binding treaty on plastic pollution is being held in Ottawa, Canada from April 23 to 29. The objective of this penultimate round of negotiations is to refine the text of the draft agreement, aiming to finalise the treaty at the fifth session (INC-5) in November 2024.
  • In March 2022, the UN Environment Assembly adopted a historic resolution to develop a global treaty on plastic pollution
  • The treaty aims to address the full life cycle of plastic, including production, design and disposal
  • INC began its work in late 2022 with the ambition to complete negotiations by end of 2024
  • Previous sessions were held in Uruguay (INC-1), France (INC-2), and Kenya (INC-3).
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

SBI Card Introduces Inaugural Travel-centric Core Credit Card 'MILES'

  • SBI Card introduced its inaugural travel-centric core credit card, 'SBI Card MILES'.
  • The card promises comprehensive travel benefits, including the conversion of Travel Credits to Air Miles and Hotel Points, enhanced rewards on all travel bookings, and access to airport lounges.
  • The bank has partnered with more than 20 leading airline and hotel brands such as Air Vistara, Air India, SpiceJet, and IHG Hotels & Resorts.
  • There are three variants, SBI Card MILES ELITE, SBI Card MILES PRIME, and SBI Card MILES, which have been designed to elevate these experiences through curated travel benefits.

FSIB Recommends Rana Ashutosh for State Bank's MD Post

  • The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB), the nodal body to select directors and CEOs in public sector financial institutions, recommended Rana Ashutosh Kumar Singh to take over as Managing Director (MD) at State Bank of India (SBI) when the position becomes vacant later this year (2024).
  • Separately, Bank of Maharashtra (BoM) executive director Asheesh Pandey was recommended to take over as the CEO of Chennai-based Indian Bank, FSIB said on its website.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

C-DOT and IIT, Jodhpur Sign Agreement for Automated Service Management in Network of 5G and beyond Using AI

  • C-DOT, the premier Telecom R&D Centre of the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India and Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur (IIT-J) signed an agreement for 'Automated Service Management in 5G and Beyond Networks Using AI'.
  • The agreement is signed under the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) of the DoT, which is designed for providing funding support to domestic companies and institutions involved in technology design, development, commercialisation of telecommunication products and solutions to enable affordable broadband and mobile services in rural and remote areas.
  • The primary objective is to develop AI frameworks for automated network management, fault detection, and diagnostic techniques by utilising continuous information generated within the network like 5G. The service will establish a real time 5G and Beyond test bed (in compliance with O-RAN) for the demonstration of the developed automated network management and slicing techniques in conjunction with specific application use-cases such as smart metering, remotely operated vehicles, etc.

China Launches 3-member Crew to its Space Station

  • China launched a three-member crew to its orbiting space station as part of its ambitious program that aims to put astronauts on the moon by 2030.
  • The Shenzhou-18 spacecraft lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on the edge of the Gobi Desert in north-western China atop a Long March 2-F rocket.
  • The spacecraft's three-member crew will relieved the Shenzhou-17 team, which has been staffing China's Tiangong space station since last October (2023).
  • The trio is made of Commander Ye Guangfu, a veteran astronaut who took part in the Shenzhou-13 mission in 2021, and fighter pilots Li Cong and Li Guangsu who are spaceflight rookies.
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SPORTS

T20 World Cup Ambassador Usain Bolt Predicts Big Things for Cricket in USA

  • Legendary sprinter Usain Bolt was named the official ambassador for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, co-hosted by the West Indies and the United States from June 1 to 29. The Jamaican icon, known as the fastest man alive, brings his passion for cricket and global appeal to ignite the tournament and propel the sport into new territories.
  • Bolt's role as an ambassador goes beyond a mere title. He will be a driving force in promoting the event, making cameo appearances alongside Caribbean music giants Sean Paul and Kes in the official anthem's music video, set to be released next week. Fans can expect to see Bolt cheering on the Windies at key matches and participating in fan engagement events, particularly in the USA, where cricket is poised for a significant leap.
  • The USA represents the biggest untapped market in the world of sports. Bolt sees the T20 World Cup as a catalyst for cricket's inclusion in the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics. He envisions "dancing, music, and high energy" during the Caribbean matches, believing the event will be a turning point for the USA as a major cricket hub.

Delhi Capitals Rope in Afghanistan's Gulbadin Naib to Replace Injured Mitchell Marsh

  • Delhi Capitals announced a major change to their team roster as they prepare for a crucial phase in the Indian Premier League (IPL) season with Gulbadin Naib being roped in place of Mitchell Marsh. The announcement made saw the Afghanistan all-rounder sign for INR 5 million. He came in as a replacement for Marsh being an all-rounder with 65 T20 caps for the national side.
  • Marsh had got injured at the start of the month and was not available for the side ever since with Shai Hope filing in his place. With DC in desperate need of reinforcements ahead of the final month of the IPL, it was essential for them to get the services of a like-to-like player. In Naib, they will have both batting and bowling options and will look to fill the void left by Marsh.

Virat Kohli Becomes First to Reach this Milestone during Match vs SRH

  • Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) batter Virat Kohli created history by becoming the first batter to score 400 or more runs in an Indian Premier League (IPL) season for 10 times. Kohli achieved the feat against SunRisers Hyderabad (SRH) on April 25. He scored a sluggish 51 off 43 balls vs SRH and now has 430 to his name in the ongoing IPL season so far.
  • Before the 2024 season, Kohli had scored 400 or more runs in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2016, 2015, 2013, and 2011. His highest ever aggregate in IPL came in 2016 when he hit a whopping 973 runs in 16 games - still a league record for most runs in a single season.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

NCP(SP) Manifesto: Rs. 1 lakh/year Dole to Poor Women, Jobless Youth, Minimum Wage Hike

  • The Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) unveiled its manifesto, favouring caste census and promising a separate commission for farmers' welfare, right to apprenticeship, 50 per cent reservation for women in jobs.
  • Sharad Pawar, along with state President Jayant Patil and other senior functionaries disclosed the salient aspects of the Manifesto, which include an aid of Rs. 1 lakh per year to a woman from all the poor families in the country under the Mahalakshmi Scheme, and help make crores of women as 'lakhpatis'.
  • As per the manifesto, titled 'Shapatnama', the NCP (SP) will review and propose changes to the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), National Register for Citizens (NRC), Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and other laws "conflicting" with the constitutional principles.
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DEFENCE

India Successfully Tests Crystal Maze-2 Missile

  • The Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully carried out a test firing of a new version of an air-launched medium-range ballistic missile that is capable of hitting targets at a distance exceeding 250 km.
  • The missile, also referred to as ROCKS or Crystal Maze 2, originated from Israel and underwent a test launch from a Su-30 MKI fighter jet in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • With options for either a penetration or blast fragmentation warhead, the missile is capable of destroying above-ground or well-protected underground targets, even in heavily surface-to-air defended areas.

Indian Army's Pune Institute Trains Religious Teachers of All Faiths and Commissions them as Junior Commission Officers

  • A one-of-a-kind army establishment in Pune, the Institute of National Integration (INI), trains religious teachers from different faiths who serve with Army units and formations across the country.
  • This unique training institute has been training religious teachers in various aspects of junior leadership by exposing them to the spiritual, philosophical and psychological facets of religion and training them to be mentors and counsellors for the soldiers of the Indian Army.
  • According to the Commandant, Brigadier M M Vitekar, the Institute of National Integration (INI), is a unique and premium establishment of the Indian Army that has been established with the vision to act as the centre of excellence to promote inter-faith harmony amongst Officers, JCOs & NCOs of Indian Army and prepare religious teachers for effective discharge of their prescribed role in units, that is to foster and promote religious harmony and ethos of National Integration.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Intellectual Property Day

  • The World Intellectual Property Day is celebrated every year on April 26. The day aims to raise awareness about intellectual property (IP) rights and its role in encouraging innovation and creativity to make the world a better place. The day was established in 2000 by the World Intellectual Property Office.
  • The day was first celebrated by the World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) in 2000 with a focus on creating sustainable solutions.
  • WIPO, established in 1967, is the global forum for intellectual property (IP) services, policy, information and cooperation. This is a self-funding agency of the United Nations, with 193 member states to promote the protection of intellectual property rights.
  • The theme for World Intellectual Property Day 2024 is 'IP and the SDGs: Building Our Common Future with Innovation and Creativity'.

International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day

  • Every year, on April 26, we observe the International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day. This day is dedicated to remembering the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and raising awareness about this catastrophic event.
  • On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine (formerly part of the Soviet Union) exploded, releasing a massive radioactive cloud into the atmosphere. This disaster exposed approximately 8.4 million people to harmful nuclear radiation.
  • The radioactive contamination devastated the surrounding areas, causing extensive damage to crops, plants, and infrastructure. The affected regions in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia were heavily contaminated, posing a serious threat to human health and the environment.
  • In 1990, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution calling for international cooperation to address and mitigate the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. This marked the beginning of the United Nations' involvement in the recovery efforts.
  • In 2016, the United Nations officially established the International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day to recognise the persistent long-term consequences of the disaster and support the affected communities and territories in their efforts to achieve sustainable development.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Five-Month Executive Programme in Robotics by IIT Delhi

  • The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) introduced a 5-month executive programme in Robotics. The course which comprises 120 hours of online learning aims to provide professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge required to thrive in the ever-evolving field of robotics. By doing so, it aims to promote innovation and leadership within the industry.
  • The programme covers the fundamentals of robotics, including mechanical components, sensors, and artificial intelligence. The programme will be conducted via the state-of-the-art Interactive Learning (IL) platform and delivered in Direct-to-Device (D2D) mode.

Hindujas Inks New India-UK Healthcare Pact with King's College London

  • The Hinduja Group and King's College London announced a new partnership aimed at improving healthcare outcomes in India and the UK, through training and research capacity building as well as scholarships for Indian students.
  • King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, the Hinduja Foundation UK and Mumbai's P.D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre run by the National Health & Education Society are involved in the new strategic partnership to advance two-way training, education and research capacity building.
  • It will lead to the creation of a new Hinduja-King's Health Partners Academy with the aim of driving forward the development of new technologies to address global healthcare challenges.
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ART AND CULTURE

Kashmir's Carpet Artisans Claim to Have Made Asia's Largest Hand-knotted Carpet

  • After Srinagar was designated among the most creative cities in the World, Kashmir's artisans are making sure to live up to the expectations of this title. In a village called Wayil in North Kashmir's Kralpora area, a team of Kashmiri artisans unveiled a masterpiece and it's been touted as Asia's largest handcrafted carpet.
  • This hand-knotted Kashmiri carpet is 72 feet by 40 feet, covering a vast area of 2,880 square feet. It took over 25 artisans around eight long years to complete this masterpiece. The whole carpet Industry of Kashmir valley takes pride in its creation. The intricate weaving of this exceptional carpet was overseen by two seasoned veterans of the craft, Fayaz Ahmed Shah and Abdul Gaffar Sheikh, whose unwavering dedication ensured the completion of this monumental piece despite various challenges.
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TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY AWARENESS

Passport Affordability Rankings: Indian Passport Second Cheapest, UAE Tops

  • A study conducted by Australian firm Compare the Market AU revealed intriguing insights into global passport affordability and accessibility. According to the study, the Indian passport ranks as the second cheapest worldwide, with the UAE passport claiming the top spot for affordability. While the Indian passport offers a cost-effective option in terms of both acquisition cost and yearly expenses, its visa-free access is relatively limited compared to higher-priced passports.
  • In terms of cost per year of validity, the Indian passport emerges as the most economical option, with a mere $1.81 expenditure per year. This places India ahead of countries like South Africa and Kenya, offering passport holders significant savings over time.
  • Contrary to popular belief, the United States' passport is not the most expensive globally. According to the study, Mexico holds the title for the most expensive passport, followed closely by Australia.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Justice G. S. Patel Bids Tearful, Poetic Adieu to Bombay High Court

  • Bombay High Court judge Justice Gautam Patel bid a tearful adieu to the Bombay High Court, demitting office after serving nearly eleven years as a judge.
  • Justice Patel, in his unique way, equated the Bar and Bench with the two trees he would see from his chambers on the third floor of the court building.
  • He started practice in 1987 in Mumbai, working on commercial, corporate and civil litigations and also appearing in a large number of environmental public interest litigations including those relating to the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, protection of mangroves, town and country planning issues, Melghat National Park, the Mill Lands, protection of open spaces, etc.
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