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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

26 Jul 2023

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Russia Bans Sex Change and Transgender Marriages

  • Russian President Vladimir Putin signed new legislation, which marked the final step in outlawing gender-affirming procedures, a crippling blow to Russia's already embattled LGBTQ+ community.
  • The bill, which was approved unanimously by both houses of parliament, bans any medical interventions aimed at changing the sex of a person, as well as changing one's gender in official documents and public records. The only exception will be medical intervention to treat congenital anomalies.
  • It also annuls marriages in which one person has changed gender and bars transgender people from becoming foster or adoptive parents.
  • The ban is said to stem from the Kremlin's crusade to protect what it views as the country's traditional values. Lawmakers say the legislation is to safeguard Russia against Western anti-family ideology," with some describing gender transitioning as pure satanism.

China Names Wang Yi as New Foreign Minister, Replaces 'Missing' Qin Gang

  • China named veteran diplomat Wang Yi its new Foreign Minister, removing former rising star Qin Gang after a mysterious one-month absence from duties.
  • Qin a former aide to President Xi Jinping and envoy to the United States, took over the ministry in December 2022 but has not been seen in public since June 25, 2023 when he met visiting diplomats in Beijing.
  • The ministry has said that he was off work for health reasons without giving details, sparking speculation and drawing attention to the secrecy often surrounding China's Communist leadership and decision making.
  • Qin's successor Wang was also his predecessor, holding the post from 2013-2022 as ties frayed with rival superpower the United States to a point Beijing described as an all-time low.

Jill Biden in Paris to Mark US Return to UN Educational and Scientific Agency

  • U.S. first lady Jill Biden attended a flag-raising ceremony at UNESCO in Paris on July 25, marking Washington's official re-entry into the U.N. agency after a controversial five-year hiatus.
  • The Stars and Stripes was hoisted up outside UNESCO's headquarters with the Eiffel Tower on the skyline to rousing applause and a rendition of the national anthem. Before the flag-raising, Biden made remarks about the importance of American leadership in preserving cultural heritage and empowering education and science across the globe.
  • The U.S. decision to return to Paris-based UNESCO was based mainly on concerns that China has filled a leadership gap since Washington withdrew during the Trump administration. This development underscores the broader geopolitical dynamics at play, particularly the growing influence of China in international institutions. The U.S. exit from UNESCO in 2017 cited an alleged anti-Israel bias within the organization. The decision followed a 2011 move by UNESCO to include Palestine as a member state, which led the U.S. and Israel to cease financing the agency. The U.S. withdrawal became official a year later in 2018.
  • This is the second time the U.S. has returned to UNESCO after a period of withdrawal. The country previously left the organization in 1984 under the Reagan administration, citing mismanagement, corruption and perceived advancement of Soviet interests. It rejoined in 2003 under George W. Bush's presidency.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

TVS Supply Chain Solutions (TVS SCS) Bags Rs. 2,000-crore Deal from U.K.'s Centrica Plc

  • TVS Supply Chain Solutions (TVS SCS) secured a business deal to transform the supply chain of UK's leading energy services and solutions company Centrica, which also operates British Gas. This deal is for a period of seven years and is expected to be valued about Rs. 2,000 crore.
  • TVS SCS, which clocked revenues of over $1.2 billion in FY23, will provide its global supply chain expertise and offer a suite of its in-built, state-of-the-art proprietary IT systems and automate the supply chain in line with Centrica's business requirements.
  • TVS SCS, through its UK operations, manages around 3 million items per day for customers across automotive, beverage, defence, healthcare, rail, and utilities sectors. These clients rely on TVS SCS' ability to create and manage a resilient supply chain that actively mitigates the risk of supply from global disruptions.

HCLTech Launches its Global Delivery Centre in Morocco

  • HCLTech, launched of its global Delivery Centre (GDC) in Rabat, Morocco.
  • The GDC is HCLTech's first facility in Morocco and is part of the company's nearshore strategy to serve global enterprises.
  • It will deliver transformation projects to clients across HCLTech's portfolio themes of digital, engineering, cloud, AI and software. The launch further strengthens HCLTech's global network of nearshore locations that have over 23,000 employees working on digital transformation projects for some of the world's biggest companies.
  • The launch follows the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between HCLTech and the Government of Morocco in 2022 to invest in the country's technology sector.

Tata Steel Reappoints T. V. Narendran as CEO and Managing Director

  • Tata Steel reappointed T. V. Narendran as MD and CEO for 5 years. Based on the recommendation of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee, the Board considered and unanimously approved the reappointment of T. V. Narendran as the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of the Company.
  • Narendran has over 35 years of experience in the mining and metals industry. Narendran joined Tata Steel in 1988. He was appointed as Managing Director of Tata Steel for India and South East Asia in November 2013.
  • In October 2017, Tata Steel elevated Narendran as Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director globally.
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SPORTS

Harmanpreet Kaur Gets Two Games Ban after Dhaka Outburst

  • The International Cricket Council (ICC) handed a two-match suspension to Indian women's team skipper Harmanpreet Kaur for her behaviour during the third ODI of their three-match series against Bangladesh. Harmanpreet was penalised for her outburst in Dhaka when she shattered the stumps after being adjudged leg-before and publicly criticised the match officials.
  • The suspension could see Harmanpreet miss two crucial games of India's campaign at the Asian Games in September-October in Hangzhou, China.
  • She was given out lbw off a Nahida Akter delivery while trying to sweep but claimed that she got a bottom edge and in a fit of rage shattered the stumps before walking back to the pavilion.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

India and Argentina Agree for Bilateral Exchange of Young Researchers and Start-ups in Biotechnology and Agriculture Field

  • India and Argentina agreed to a bilateral exchange of young researchers and start-ups, particularly in the field of biotechnology and agriculture. Union Minister for Science and Technology Jitendra Singh said this in New Delhi after meeting a high-level delegation led by the Governor of Santa Fe province of Argentina, Omar Angel Perotti. Singh said that the two countries also decided to hold comprehensive talks between delegations comprising academia, research, and development institutes, and industry in the field of science and technology and biotechnology.
  • The Indian delegation evinced interest in collaborating in geospatial technology, quantum computation, and bio-enzymes. It was pointed out that India has the world's third largest start-up ecosystem and there is huge potential for joint studies and collaboration at various levels such as institutional, universities, and multilateral fora.
  • India is the 4th largest trading partner of Argentina, with bilateral trade touching a historic peak of 6.4 billion US dollar in the year 2022, recording a growth rate of 12 per cent over 2021.

Third and Final G-20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group Meeting Concludes in Chennai

  • The G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group, under the Indian presidency, held its third and final meeting in Chennai from July 24 to 26.
  • This was the first time a dedicated working group on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) was constituted, signifying India's commitment to addressing global challenges posed by disasters and climate emergencies.
  • This meeting brought together G20 countries and their leadership, international organisations and knowledge partners to engage in drafting the communique encapsulating shared commitments and key recommendations regarding the working group's priority areas. These areas included the Global Coverage of Early Warning Systems, Disaster and Climate Resilient Infrastructure, Financing Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Response System, and the Ecosystem-based Approach to DRR.
  • The communique, endorsed by all, will serve as a seminal guiding document for G20 nations, underscoring the critical significance of disaster risk reduction. It will outline concrete actions to be undertaken at national and international levels.

Jammu to Pioneer India's First Cannabis Medicine Project

  • Union Minister Jitendra Singh said that Jammu is going to pioneer India's first cannabis medicine project, stressing that the project undertaken by the CSIR-IIIM will produce export quality medicines meant for different kinds of neuropathies and diabetic pains.
  • The 'Cannabis Research Project' of CSIR-IIIM Jammu is a first-of-its-kind in the country in public-private partnership with a Canadian firm, which has a great potential to put substance of abuse for the good of mankind especially for patients suffering from neuropathies, cancer and epilepsy.
  • This project of CSIR-IIIM is also important from the perspective of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' (self-reliant India) as after getting all the approvals, it will be able to produce export quality drugs meant for different kinds of neuropathies and diabetic pains.
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DEFENCE

Space Start-up Pixxel Wins Defence Ministry Grant to Build Satellites for IAF

  • Space start-up Pixxel won a multi-crore rupee grant from the government to build miniaturised multi-payload satellites for the Indian Air Force, marking its entry into the defence sector.
  • Under the grant from Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) of the defence ministry, Pixxel will develop small satellites of up to 150 kg for electro-optical, infrared, synthetic aperture radar and hyperspectral purposes.
  • The grant is part of the SPARKS initiative under Mission DefSpace launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2022 with 75 defence space challenges in five buckets, launch system, satellite system, communication and payload system, ground system, and software system, to provide a holistic 360 degrees overview of space.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

Kargil Vijay Diwas

  • Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated all across the country on July 26 every year. The day commemorates the victory of the Indian armed forces in the Kargil War fought against Pakistan. The day is observed to pay tribute and to honour the bravery and sacrifice of the soldiers in the war of 1999. The operation that took place during the war is also known as Operation Vijay.
  • The year 2023, marked the 24th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas.
  • The armed conflict between Pakistan and India started after the Pakistani troops intruded into the Indian territory in the Kargil district of then Jammu and Kashmir (now in Ladakh UT). The Kargil War continued from May to July 1999.
  • Indian Army launched 'Operation Vijay' after the first infiltration was reported by local shepherds on May 3, 1999. The target of Operation Vijay was to recapture the Indian territory along the LoC, which was occupied by the Pakistani infiltrators. Indian Air Force launched the airstrike on May 26 under operation Safed Sagar to support the Indian Army.
  • On July 26, 1999, Indian Army declared Operation Vijay a success after recapturing all the military posts in Kargil that were taken over by Pakistani infiltrators.

International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem

  • The International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem is observed annually on July 26. Its purpose is to increase global understanding of the significance of mangrove ecosystems as distinct, precious, and delicate environments. The day also seeks to advocate for sustainable practices in managing, safeguarding, and utilizing these ecosystems.
  • The International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem, observed on July 26, was established by UNESCO during their General Conference in 2015 to create awareness about the critical value of mangrove ecosystems. The main objective of this day is to promote the preservation and sustainable development of mangrove forests.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

President of India Confers National Geoscience Awards - 2022

  • The President of India Droupadi Murmu conferred the prestigious National Geoscience Awards- 2022 (NGA) of the Ministry of Mines at Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre. Minister of Coal, Mines & Parliamentary Affairs Pralhad Joshi and Minister of State for Coal, Mines & Railways Raosaheb Patil Danve and senior functionaries of the Ministry of Mines, Geological Survey of India graced the occasion.
  • Twenty-two Geoscientists including working professionals and academicians from across the country received the awards grouped under three categories namely one National Geoscience Award for Life Time Achievement, one National Young Geoscientist Award and eight National Geoscience Awards in various fields of geosciences.
  • The National Geoscience Award for Lifetime Achievement was conferred upon Om Narain Bhargava, well known for his pioneering work in the Himalayas spanning over the last four decades. The National Young Geoscientist Award was presented to Amiya Kumar Samal, Assistant Professor of Banaras Hindu University who has made significant contribution in understanding the variation of sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) below different archean cratons of the Indian shield.
  • Instituted in 1966, the National Geoscience Awards (NGA) is a symbol of recognition and appreciation for exceptional individuals and organizations that have demonstrated excellence, dedication and innovation in the realm of Geosciences. The awards are presented in the field of Mineral Discovery and Exploration, Basic Geosciences, Applied Geosciences and Mining, Mineral Beneficiation and Sustainable Mineral Development.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Bill in Lok Sabha to Add Two Synonyms for Mahar Community in Chhattisgarh to State's Scheduled Castes List

  • The Union Social Justice Ministry introduced the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2023 in the Lok Sabha to add two synonyms for the Mahar community in Chhattisgarh to the State's Scheduled Castes list.
  • The Bill, introduced by Social Justice Minister Virendra Kumar, adds 'Mahara' and 'Mahra' as synonyms of the Mahar community, thereby expanding government schemes and benefits meant for SCs in the State to around 2 lakh more people. Chhattisgarh is set to see its next Assembly elections later this year (2023).
  • In the Bill, the inclusion of these two synonyms was first proposed by the State Government, as required by the rules. Subsequently, the office of the Registrar General of India and the National Commission for Scheduled Castes had given their approval for the same, allowing for this Bill to be brought.
  • The Bill will entail some additional recurring and non-recurring expenditure on account of benefits of schemes meant for the development of the Scheduled Castes to which the persons belonging to the newly added communities will become entitled, as a result of this Bill.

Union Cabinet Clears Bill to Replace Delhi Services Ordinance for Control, Posting of Officers

  • The Union Cabinet gave its nod to a bill that will replace the ordinance promulgated for the creation of an authority for transfers and postings of Group-A officers in Delhi. The legislation was approved by a meeting of the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Delhi. The bill is expected to be tabled in the ongoing Monsoon session of Parliament to replace the ordinance.
  • An ordinance is promulgated by the President on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet when the Parliament is not in session. The Parliament must adopt a law to replace the ordinance within six weeks of the commencement of the next session.
  • The controversial Delhi ordinance was promulgated by the central government in May 2023, a week after the Supreme Court handed over the control of services in Delhi excluding police, public order and land to the elected government headed by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal.

Lok Sabha Passes Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill

  • The Lok Sabha passed the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to amend Biological Diversity Act of 2002.
  • The Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on December 16, 2021, before being referred to a Parliamentary Standing Committee headed by Sanjay Jaiswal for examination.
  • The Bill amends Biological Diversity Act, 2002 with an aim to simplify compliance requirements for domestic companies.
  • It proposes to exempt users of codified traditional knowledge and AYUSH practitioners from sharing benefits with local communities.
  • The Bill also removes research and bio-survey activities from the purview of benefit-sharing requirements. Benefit sharing will be based on terms agreed between the user and the local management committee represented by the National Authority.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

CISCE Partners with NIEi for 'School Leadership Training Programme'

  • The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is all set to organise the 'School Leadership Training Programme' for principals, headmasters and headmistresses in association with the National Institute of Education International (NIEi), Singapore. This is being conducted at CISCE's East Zone Office in Kolkata from July 24-28, 2023, the training programme is centred around equipping the heads of schools with educational capacities to effectively implement the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in their respective schools.
  • CISCE previously hosted the Master Trainers' Programme for Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) from April 26-29, 2023. The four-day training programme, conducted at CISCE's Delhi office, focused on enhancing the teaching skills of trainers and teachers in foundational literacy and numeracy as part of the National Education Policy (NEP)-2020.
  • These initiatives, the 'School Leadership Training Programme' and the Master Trainers' Programme for FLN, reflect CISCE's proactive approach towards promoting educational excellence and ensuring the effective implementation of critical educational reforms outlined in the NEP 2020. By empowering educational leaders and enhancing teaching skills, CISCE continues to contribute significantly to the advancement of the Indian education system.

IIT Madras Develop 'MultiCens' Approach for Human Inter-Organ Communication

  • Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) scientists at the Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBC-DSAI) developed a computational approach called 'MultiCens' to understand the interactions between genes that are responsible for inter-organ communication within the body.
  • Communication among cells in different tissues and organs is pivotal to multicellular life. The molecular basis of such communication has long been studied, but genome-wide screens for genes and other biomolecules mediating tissue-tissue signalling are lacking.
  • To systematically identify inter-tissue mediators, IIT Madras researchers developed 'MultiCens' (Multilayer/Multi-tissue network Centrality measures). The exchange of information between organs and tissues of the body is critical for the proper functioning and survival of all living organisms.
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BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Ranjit Pratap Releases Book Named 'As the Wheel Turns'

  • The Managing Director of Rayala Corporation, Ranjit Pratap, released an insightful book that offers a captivating account of his remarkable journey in the world of business. Titled 'As the wheel turns', this compelling narrative hopes to motivate readers by sharing Ranjit Pratap's personal experiences, hardships, and triumphs. This book was released in the presence of M. Venkaiah Naidu, former Vice President of India, a galaxy of prominent industrialists, officials and friends from Rayala Corporation.
  • The release of this book coincided with a significant milestone in Ranjit Pratap's journey as he celebrated 50 years in business. Joining the group companies in March 1973, Ranjit Pratap embarked on a transformative path that not only shaped his personal life but also left an indelible mark on the business landscape. Each chapter of the book vividly portrays the highs and lows, personal growth, and business achievements that define Ranjit Pratap's half-century in the corporate world.
  • Through captivating anecdotes and first-hand accounts, the book takes readers on a remarkable journey through the Rayala Group's evolution, showcasing its ability to survive challenges and embrace new opportunities. It explores Ranjit Pratap's early experiences in the family business, where he successfully turned around a struggling Commercial Finance Corporation, instilling confidence in its employees and transforming its fortunes.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Centre Notifies Appointment of Advocate Biswadeep Bhattacharjee, as a Judge of the Meghalaya High Court

  • The Central government notified the appointment of Additional Advocate General (AAG) Biswadeep Bhattacharjee as a judge of the Meghalaya High Court.
  • Bhattacharjee has been holding the post of AAG in Meghalaya since 2018.
  • With the appointment of Bhattacharjee, the Meghalaya High Court will be functioning at its sanctioned strength of four judges.
  • It was established in March 2013, after making suitable amendments in the Constitution of India and North-Eastern Areas (Re-organisation) Act of 1971.
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