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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

24 Jul 2023

DAILY G.K. TEST

Start Test

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Algeria Applies to Join BRICS Bank

  • Algeria formally applied to join the BRICS group and submitted a request to become a shareholder member of the BRICS Bank. The Algerian President, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, revealed this development during his visit to China, where he expressed Algeria's eagerness to open new economic opportunities and strengthen its partnerships with countries like China.
  • The BRICS group, which currently comprises Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, represents a significant portion of the global population and economy, accounting for more than 40 per cent of the world's population and approximately 26 per cent of the global economy.
  • Algeria's bid came in the midst of what some have called a worldwide eagerness for a geopolitical reconfiguration, with many in the Global South having shown signs of displeasure with the West's dominance over global affairs.

Indian-origin Doctor S. Vincent Rajkumar New Chairman of International Myeloma Foundation

  • Renowned scientist, clinician and researcher, S. Vincent Rajkumar, was appointed as chairman-elect of the Board of Directors of the International Myeloma Foundation (IMF).
  • He took over from the current chairman, Brian G.M. Durie, who did not seek re-election to the post.
  • Durie, the co-founder and chairman of the Board of Directors for 33 years, has said that he will not seek re-election as chairman when his current term ends in spring 2024. He will, however, remain a member of the Board, hold the position of Chairman Emeritus and continue to perform his current activities.
  • Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow plasma cells — white blood cells that make antibodies. A cancerous or malignant plasma cell is called a myeloma cell. Myeloma is called 'multiple' because there are frequently multiple patches or areas in the bone where it grows. It can appear as both a tumor and/or an area of bone loss, and it affects the places where bone marrow is active in an adult: the hollow area within the bones of the spine, skull, pelvis, rib cage, and the areas around the shoulders and hips.
  • The IMF was founded in 1999 and is the first, largest global foundation focusing specifically on multiple myeloma. The Foundation's reach extends to more than 5,25,000 members in 140 countries.

Russian Strikes on Odesa Damage Orthodox Cathedral

  • Russian missiles badly damaged a historic Orthodox cathedral in the southern Ukrainian port city of Odesa, sparking outrage and prompting President Zelensky to vow retaliation.
  • The Transfiguration Cathedral is Odesa's largest church building. It was consecrated in 1809, destroyed during the Soviet era in 1936 before being rebuilt when Ukraine became an independent nation.
  • The cathedral lies in Odesa's city centre, which UNESCO named a World Heritage Site amid the threat of Russia's invasion.
  • Odesa is a key cultural centre, and has long links with Russia. It was founded under Catherine the Great and was once Russia's second most important port.
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ENVIRONMENT

World's Biggest Permafrost Crater in Russia's Far East Thaws as Planet Warms

  • Batagaika crater, a one kilometre long gash in Russia's far East that forms the world's biggest permafrost crater, also known as 'mouth to hell', is melting as a result of the planet getting warmer day by day.
  • The crater began to appear in the 1960s as a result of deforestation in the area. The deforestation led to the loss of ground ice, which then caused the Earth to begin eroding.
  • The 'gateway to the underworld', as some locals in Russia's Sakha Republic also call it, has a scientific name: a mega-slump.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Go First's Flight Resumption Plan Gets DGCA Approval

  • The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) accepted the proposed resumption plan by the Go First airline. In a letter to Resolution Professional (RP) and Accountable Manager of Go First, the DGCA said that the airline will have to comply with certain conditions for resumption of operations.
  • Go First will be required to comply with all applicable regulatory requirements for holding an Air Operator Certificate. It must ensure the continuation of the airworthiness or fitness of all its aircraft engaged in the operations.
  • The DGCA also stated that none of Go First's aircraft will be deployed for operations without undertaking a satisfactory handling flight. Any change in the company that has any bearing on the resumption plan submitted by the RP must be notified to DGCA.
View Month Wise

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Government Cautions Internet Users against Ransomware 'Akira'

  • The government cautioned against an Internet ransomware called 'Akira' which steals important information and encrypts data which can lead to extortion.
  • CERT-In, the government's technology arm which guards against cyber attacks, issued an advisory regarding 'Akira', a computer malware targets Windows and Linux-based systems.
  • Akira steals information and then encrypts data on their systems. Once this is done, the malware conducts double extortion, thus forcing the victim into paying the ransom amount.
  • In case the victim does not pay, they release their victim's data on their dark web blog.
  • CERT-In thus suggested that Internet users should use basic online hygiene and protection protocols to protect themselves from such attacks. It also recommended that users should maintain offline backups of critical data and keep them updated, to prevent its loss in case of an attack.
View Month Wise

SPORTS

Virat Kohli Equals Sir Don Bradman's Record of most Test Centuries

  • Virat Kohli equalled Sir Don Bradman's elite record with his century in 2nd test against West Indies in Port of Spain.
  • Indian star batsman Virat Kohli smashed magnificent 121 runs. With this ton, Virat Kohli has reached a milestone of 29 Test centuries in his highly anticipated 500th international game. He equalled legendary Sir Don Bradman in the list of most test centuries. Bradman had scored 29 centuries in 52 tests while Kohli achieved this feat in his 111th Test match. It was Virat's 76th international ton including 46 centuries in ODI and one in T20 format.

Satwiksairaj Rankireddy-Chirag Shetty win Korea Open

  • India's Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty clinched the men's doubles title at the Korea Open with a gritty three-game win over top ranked Fajar Alfian and Muhamad Rian Ardianto of Indonesia in the final. Playing their fourth final of the year, the world No. 3 Indians rallied their way to a 17-21 21-13 21-14 win over the two-time world championships bronze medallists Alfian and Ardianto in a thrilling summit clash of the Super 500 badminton tournament.

Sumit Nagal Wins Tampere Open

  • Sumit Nagal beat Dalibor Svrcina of the Czech Republic in straight sets to clinch the Tampere Open title in Tampere, Finland.
  • Nagal beat Svrcina 6-4 7-5 and emerged victorious.
  • It was the second Challenger title of the season after the one in Rome, and the fourth Challenger title of his career for Sumit.
  • The champion collected 75 ATP points and $9,880. The points are expected to catapult Sumit back into the top-200 rankings and help him get into the US Open qualifying event. Sumit had enjoyed a career best rank of 122 in 2020.
View Month Wise

NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Nirmala Sitharaman Inaugurates GST Bhawan at Agartala

  • Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurated the 'GST Bhawan' in Agartala, Tripura's capital. The newly established office complex will serve as the headquarters for CGST, CX, and Customs for the Agartala, Guwahati Zone under CBIC. Situated at Mantri Bari Road, Agartala, the GST Bhawan is designed to offer quick and easy accessibility to all taxpayers in the region, with its proximity to the newly created Agartala Airport complex.
  • The establishment of the GST Bhawan marks a transformative step in tax administration in Agartala. Prior to its construction, the CGST Agartala Commissionerate operated from rented buildings.
  • Now, with a dedicated and state-of-the-art infrastructure, the office can efficiently serve taxpayers, providing them with improved services and convenience.

Tribal Belt in Gujarat Observe Bandh

  • A bandh was observed in the tribal belt of Gujarat in protest against the ethnic violence and atrocities on women in Manipur.
  • The opposition Congress supported the bandh in protest against the ruling BJP's failure to control the situation in the north-eastern state.
  • Several tribal outfits, including Adivasi Ekta Manch, came together for the shutdown in the tribal-dominated districts of Gujarat.

Global Food Regulators Summit 2023 Paves Way for Robust Food Safety

  • The first-ever Global Food Regulators Summit (GFRS) 2023 in the national capital (New Delhi) paved the way for a more robust food safety and regulatory ecosystem. This groundbreaking initiative garnered global acclaim for its potential to transform and strengthen the world's food safety systems. The discussion and outcomes of the sessions laid a strong foundation for collective action in tackling regulatory challenges and ensuring the well-being of consumers worldwide.
  • The first technical session of the summit focused on food regulatory systems in different countries, key strategies adopted by food regulators to mitigate various risks associated with foods, challenges faced by the regulators globally and the exchange of perspectives on strengthening food safety systems across the food value chain through a cohesive approach.
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DEFENCE

Admiral Lisa Franchetti Becomes First Woman to Lead US Navy

  • President Joe Biden chose Admiral Lisa Franchetti as the Navy's highest-ranking officer. If confirmed, she will make history as the first woman to hold this position in the Navy and the first woman to be part of the joint chiefs of staff.
  • Admiral Lisa Franchetti is currently the Vice Chief of Naval Operations. She has a background as a surface warfare officer with extensive experience in both operational and policy roles. Previously, she held positions as the Director for Strategy, Plans, and Policy for the Joint Chiefs of Staff and as the commander of the U.S. Sixth Fleet. Additionally, she served as commander of U.S. Naval Forces Korea, commander of Carrier Strike Group 9, and commander of Carrier Strike Group 15.

Pakistan Navy Inducts Modern Warships PNS Tipu Sultan, Shahjahan

  • Pakistan Navy strengthened its fleet by inducting two modern warship, PNS Tipu Sultan and PNS Shahjahan, during a ceremony in a southern port city of Karachi.
  • The ceremony was attended by Defence Minister Khawaja Asif as chief guest, while Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Amjad Khan Niazi and other officials were also present on the occasion.

A. Madhavarao New Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Dynamics

  • Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) announced that the Ministry of Defence approved the appointment of A. Madhavarao as its Chairman and Managing Director. He had joined BDL in Mar 2020 as Executive.
  • In his previous role at BDL, he played a significant role in establishing a product support group to provide credible support to the Indian Armed Forces, enhancing the in-house R&D activities and establishing an effective supply chain to meet production schedules, the company said. He has worked towards various contracts signing with the Indian Armed Forces/ Ministry of Defence and other foreign countries contributing to the current healthy order book of the company.
View Month Wise

DAYS AND EVENTS

Income Tax Day or Aaykar Diwas

  • The Income Tax department observes July 24 every year as Income Tax Day or 'Aaykar Diwas', to commemorate the introduction of provision of income tax in the country. This year (22023) is the 163rd anniversary of Income Tax Day.
  • On July 24, 1860, Sir James Wilson introduced income tax for the first time in India. Wilson did this to compensate for the losses suffered by the British regime during the first war of independence in 1857. 'Aaykar Diwas' was celebrated for the first time on July 24, 2010, to mark 150 years of income tax in India.
  • Since income tax was first levied as a duty in the year 1860 and the authority to levy that duty came into force on July 24 of that year, it was proposed to celebrate this day as Income Tax Investiture Day.
  • Headquartered in New Delhi, the Income Tax department is responsible for direct tax collection for the Government of India. It functions under the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of finance, and is headed by an apex body called the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).

National Thermal Engineer Day

  • Every year July 24 is observed as National Thermal Engineers Day to celebrate the contribution of thermal engineers to society. Thermal energy is defined as the energy contained inside a system that manages its temperature.
  • The day was established in 2014 by Advanced Thermal Solutions Inc (ATS), a US-based private company working in the area of thermal energy regulation and electronic packaging solutions. The day was initiated by ATS to mark the hard work of the thermal engineers along with the software and electronic industries where the thermal engineer's work is neglected.
View Month Wise

AWARDS AND HONOURS

Italy Honours Indian Troops' Contribution during Second World War

  • Remembering the supreme sacrifices of the Indian Soldiers, the Commune of Monotone (in Italy) and Italian Military historians unveiled 'V.C Yeshwant Ghadge Sundial Memorial' at Montone (Perugia, Italy) as a tribute to the Indian troops who fought during Italian Campaign during the Second World War. They also honoured Naik Yeshwant Ghadge, the Victoria Cross, who was killed in action fighting on the heights of Upper Tiber Valley. Neena Malhotra, Ambassador of India in Italy and the Indian Defence Attaché represented India during the ceremony.
  • Indian Soldiers played a central role in the Italian Campaign during the Second World War, wherein more than 50,000 Indian Army soldiers from the 4th, 8th and 10th Divisions took part. Out of the 20 Victoria Crosses awarded in Italy, six were won by Indian soldiers. Indian soldiers suffered 23,722 casualties, of which 5,782 Indian soldiers made the supreme sacrifice, and are commemorated in the 40 Commonwealth War Graves spread all over Italy.

Anurag Thakur Confers 8th and 9th Community Radio Awards

  • The Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting Anurag Thakur presented the 8th and 9th National Community Radio Awards during the Inaugural Session of two-day Regional Community Radio Sammelon held at the Indian Institute of Mass Communication in New Delhi.
  • Award Winners:
  • Thematic Awards:
  • First Prize: Radio Mind Tree, Ambala, Haryana. Programme: Hope Jeene Ki Raah.
  • Second Prize: Radio Hirakhand, Sambalpur, Odissa. Programme: Adhar O Poshan Bigyan.
  • Third Prize: Green Radio, Sabour, Bihar. Programme: Poshan Shrinkhla.
  • Most Innovative Community Engagement Awards:
  • First Prize: Radio SD, Mazaffarnagar, UP. Programme: Hizra in Between.
  • Second Prize: Kabir Radio, Sant Kabir Nagar, UP. Programme: Selfie Le Le Re.
  • Third Prize: Radio Mind Tree, Ambala, Haryana. Programme: Book Bugs.
  • Promoting Local Culture Awards:
  • First Prize: Voice of SOA, Cuttack, Odissa. Programme: Asmita.
  • Second Prize: Friends FM, Tripura, Agartala. Programme: Revived a dying art: MASK & POT.
  • Third Prize: Pantnagar Janvani, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Programme: Dadi Maa Ka Batua.
  • Sustainability Modern Awards:
  • First Prize: Radio Hirakhand, Sambhalpur, Odissa.
  • Second Prize: Vayalaga Vanoli, Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
  • Third Prize: VAGAD Radio "90.8", Banswara, Rajasthan.
View Month Wise

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Cinematograph Amendment Bill 2023 Introduced in Rajya Sabha

  • Minister of Union Information and Broadcasting, Anurag Thakur introduced the Cinematograph Amendment Bill 2023 in Rajya Sabha which aims to tackle film piracy.
  • The Indian film industry suffered a loss of about Rs.18k crore in 2019 due to piracy. To address this issue of piracy, the Government of India has introduced the Cinematograph Amendment Bill 2023 in Rajya Sabha. The bill seeks to amend the Cinematograph Bill 1952, which regulates the certification and exhibition of films in India.
  • Piracy is considered to be an unauthorised copying, distribution or exhibition of films without the consent of the rights holders. The Indian film industry is facing the challenge of piracy, which affects its revenues and quality.

Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee Announces 'Khela Hobe' Scheme

  • West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced that her government is planning a scheme to provide work to the poor in line with MGNREGA, the funds for which she claimed were stopped by the Centre.
  • Addressing a rally in Kolkata, Banerjee said the scheme will be named 'Khela Hobe' (Game On) -- the slogan of her party TMC during the 2021 assembly elections.
  • Despite being the best performing state in the MNREGA scheme, the Centre has stopped funds out of sheer jealousy and vendetta politics.
  • "We are planning to start our own 100-day job scheme and it will be named 'Khela Hobe'. The West Bengal Government always stands for the poor, and we will create jobs for them," she added.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

CBSE Introduces 22 Languages as Mediums of Instruction

  • In a groundbreaking development, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) expanded its mediums of instruction to include 22 languages, encompassing regional languages and mother tongues, alongside English and Hindi.
  • This momentous decision, as announced by Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, aims to promote linguistic diversity and provide students with a more inclusive and comprehensive learning experience.
  • This progressive move aligns with the principles of the National Education Policy (NEP), which emphasises the significance of embracing regional languages and mother tongues in the education system.
  • To support this transformative change, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has been entrusted with the responsibility of developing appropriate textbooks in the newly introduced languages.
  • This ensures that students receive quality education across subjects in their chosen medium of instruction.

Punjab to Get 8 Modern, Free UPSC Coaching Centres for Aspirants

  • Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann announced the opening of eight state-of-the-art training centres to provide coaching for aspiring candidates of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examinations.
  • Concerned over the declining representation of Punjab's candidates in central services, especially UPSC exams, Mann aims to reverse this trend by offering quality coaching to the state's talented youth.
  • The proposed centres will aim to prepare candidates for prestigious positions like the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Revenue Service (IRS), and other important services.
View Month Wise

TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY AWARENESS

Lavasa, India's First Private Hill Station, Sold for Rs 1.8k crore

  • The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) approved the sale of Lavasa hill station to Darwin Platform Infrastructure for Rs.1.8k crore.
  • The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) cleared the sale of Lavasa, India's first private hill station to Darwin Platform Infrastructure for Rs.1.8k crore. NCLT also approved Darwin's resolution plan, which included a payout of Rs. 1,814 crore. This sum consists of Rs. 929 crore paid to the lenders and Rs. 438 crore used to provide 837 accepted homeowners with fully built homes.
  • The main aim of the resolution plan of the Darwin Platform Infrastructure is to satisfy the homebuyers' claims and deliver completed houses within five years of receiving environmental clearance on an actual basis with a claim amount of Rs. 6,642 crore.
  • Lavasa hill station is located in the picturesque Mulshi Valley in the Western Ghats close to Pune. It was created by the Hindustan Construction Company in 2000 as the first private hill city in India.
View Month Wise

LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Justice Sunita Agarwal Sworn in as Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court

  • Justice Sunita Agarwal was sworn in as the 29th Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court. She is the second woman Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court.
  • Governor Acharya Devvrat administered the oath of office at a ceremony at Raj Bhavan in Gandhinagar, which was attended by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, Speaker of Gujarat Assembly Shankar Chaudhary, and Minister of Law and Justice Rushikesh Patel.
  • The Supreme Court collegium had proposed the appointment of Justice Agarwal as the Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court.
  • The top court had stated she is the only woman Chief Justice of an HC as presently (as in July 2023) there is no woman among the Chief Justices of the High Courts in the country.
  • Before her, Justice Sonia Gokani was Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court for a few days till her retirement on February 25, 2023, after which Justice AJ Desai served as the acting CJ.
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