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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

02 Jan 2023

DAILY G.K. TEST

Start Test

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Lula Sworn in as Brazil's President

  • Leftist leader Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was sworn in as President of Brazil under tightened security in the capital Brasilia.
  • Lula had narrowly defeated Bolsonaro in October 2022 to win an unprecedented third presidential term after a hiatus that saw him spend a year and a half behind bars on corruption convictions that were later overturned. Now, he faces the daunting challenge of improving Brazil's stagnant economy while also uniting a country that has become polarised under Bolsonaro.

Croatia Now Fully Integrated EU Member

  • At the stroke of midnight on December 31, Croatia switched to the shared European currency, the euro, and removed dozens of border checkpoints and joined the world's largest passport-free travel area. Croats are now among almost 420 million people who are free to roam its 27 member countries without passports for work or leisure.
  • Adopting the euro likewise offers Croatia the benefits stemming from deeper financial ties with the currency's 19 other users and with the European Central Bank. It also made travelling and doing business easier, removing the hassle of currency exchange for Croats going abroad and for tens of thousands of tourists who visit their country each year for work or to enjoy its stunning Adriatic coastline.
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ENVIRONMENT

The 'Enigmatic' Peat Bog Seeking Worldwide Recognition

  • A vast area of peat bog in Scotland's Flow Country could become one of UNICCO's newest World Heritage sites.
  • This land was prepared for large blocks of commercial forestry, which included the planting of millions of non-native trees.
  • Flow Country is home to a diverse range of wildlife including birds, mammals and plants.
  • Flow Country contains the most intact and extensive raised bog system in the world.
  • This expanse of moors, moors, pools, lochs, hills and mountains covers much of Caithness and Sutherland in the North Highlands.
  • It's about 50 miles wide – about the distance from Glasgow to Edinburgh – and covers almost a million acres of land.
  • The bogs, which have been growing for 10,000 years, are formed by layers of wet mosses and other plants as they die.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

IDBI MF Inks Pact to Transfer Schemes to LIC MF

  • IDBI Bank-promoted IDBI Mutual Fund signed an agreement with LIC Mutual Fund to transfer its schemes to the latter. The decision was taken to comply with the Section 7B of Securities and Exchange Board of India's (SEBI) Mutual Fund Regulations.
  • According to these regulations, the sponsor of a mutual fund and the asset management company of the mutual fund cannot individually, collectively, directly or indirectly hold more than 10% of the shareholding or voting rights in another asset management company or trustee company. In the event of a merger or an acquisition, sponsors of fund houses have one year to comply with the norms.

Ajay Kumar Srivastava New MD and CEO of Indian Overseas Bank

  • Ajay Kumar Srivastava was elevated as Managing Director and CEO of Indian Overseas Bank from his posting as Executive Director.
  • He started his banking career as a probationary officer in 1991 with Allahabad Bank where he worked in various capacities in different parts of the country. He is an astute and hardcore banker with vast field-level experience and has the distinction of having successfully led the largest and most critical areas of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Delhi while working at a senior level in Allahabad Bank.
  • After the successful completion of about 27 years in Allahabad Bank he was elevated as Executive Director of IOB in October 2017. At Indian Overseas Bank as Executive Director, he had a very challenging journey. Bank was incurring losses since 2014, was in PCA since 2015 and financial parameters were in bad shape besides many other challenges.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NRDC Undertakes Tech Commercialisation for Indian Start-ups

  • From January 1, 2023, National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) undertook Technology Commercialisation for the benefit of Indian start-ups.
  • As per Union Minister Jitendra Singh, since inception, NRDC has concluded more than 5,000 license agreements representing technologies in almost all industry sectors.
  • NRDC assists the Inter-Ministerial Board (IMB) of DPIIT in technically evaluating start-ups for their recognition to avail benefits extended by the Government of India and to date over 7,500 applications of start-ups have been assessed.
  • NRDC is also associated with Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) for the implementation of their start-up Scheme from identification of start-ups and hand-holding to product launch.
  • NRDC has entered into an MoU with The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) for mentoring and monitoring export-oriented agri-based start-ups.

Centre to Launch Digital India Innovation Fund for Catalysing Deep Tech Start-ups

  • Union Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology, and Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Rajeev Chandrasekhar said that the Centre will soon launch a Digital India Innovation Fund that will support deep tech start-ups in the country.
  • The Minister made these remarks while addressing college students as part of the "New India for Young India: Techade of Opportunities" programme at the Catholic Bishop House Campus, Thamarassery, Kerala.
  • The minister mentioned that PM's vision of New India is one with ample opportunities for every Indian to participate in the development process.
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SPORTS

Hockey Haryana Women's U-18 Team Wins Khelo India Youth Games 2022

  • Hockey Haryana's women's team won the Khelo India Youth Games 2022 Women's Under 18 Qualifiers after defeating Madhya Pradesh 2-0 in the final at Bhubaneswar.
  • In the final match, Pooja and Gurmail Kaur scored a goal each for Haryana to end the contest in their favour.
  • Odisha stepped up to claim third place after beating Hockey Jharkhand 2-1 in the 3rd and 4th place encounter.
  • Sanjna Horo scored for Jharkhand but Odisha came back with goals from Puja Sahoo and Sunelita Toppo to complete a thrilling comeback.
  • In the men's Hockey, Madhya Pradesh defeated Odisha 6-5 to clinch Khelo India Youth Games 2022 Men's Under-18 Qualifiers title in Bhubaneswar.
  • Haryana claimed third place in the competition with a win against Jharkhand 2-0 in the 3rd and 4th place clash.
  • Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Jharkhand qualified for the Khelo India Youth Games to be held in Madhya Pradesh in 2023.

Koneru Humpy Wins Silver at World Blitz Chess Championship

  • Former world rapid champion Koneru Humpy won India's first-ever silver medal in the FIDE World Blitz Chess Championships in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Humpy defeated China's Zhongyi Tan to win Silver in the 17th and final round. Fourth seeded Humpy scored an impressive 12.5 points, just half a point behind the gold medal winner Bibisara Balabayeva of Kazakhastan.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

India's Second Longest Cable-stayed Zuari Bridge Opens in Goa

  • Union Minister of Roads Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari inaugurated the country's second longest cable-stayed eight-lane Zuari Bridge in Goa. Right-hand side (4-lane corridor) across the Zuari River and approaches from Bambolim to Verna were thrown open for vehicular traffic. Gadkari also launched the PWD Goa App for integrated operations management. Through the insurance scheme of the Government of Goa, Chief Minister Pramod Sawant gave Rs. 2 lakh each to the families of the workers who died during the construction of the bridge.
  • The Zuari Bridge is a bridge between North Goa and South Goa, India. It carries the NH 66 over the tidal part of the Zuari River, between the villages of Agaçaim and Cortalim. It is a few metres downstream of the Konkan Railway Bridge. The 640-metre-long bridge and the 13.20 km roads on both sides have been built in 3 phases. The Zuari Bridge work began in June 2016.

Tamil Nadu Information Commission Lowest Performing in RTI Responsiveness

  • The State Information Commission of Tamil Nadu has the lowest performance of responsiveness under the RTI Act concerned, with only up to 14% of the information sought. Maharashtra was second lowest with sharing only 23% of the information asked for.
  • The report was issued on the Performance of Information Commission (ICs) in India for 2021-22 by Satark Nagrik Sangathan.
  • Only 10 ICs provided the full information in response to the RTI applications filed as part of this assessment.
  • These included Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, and the north-eastern states of Tripura, Nagaland, and Sikkim.

Assam Merges 4 Districts with 4 Others, Changes Jurisdiction of Villages

  • The Assam government merged four districts with four others and changed the administrative jurisdiction of a few villages, a day before the Election Commission's freeze on redrawing administrative units came into effect.
  • Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said that the decisions were taken with a heavy heart keeping in mind the interests of Assam, its society and administrative exigencies. He added it was only temporary and did not disclose the reason behind the decisions.
  • While Biswanath district was merged with Sonitpur, Hojai was merged with Nagaon, Bajali was merged with Barpeta and Tamulpur was merged with Baksa.
  • The decisions had to be taken at the cabinet meeting as the Election Commission had imposed a ban on creating new administrative units in Assam from January 1, 2023 as the poll panel would undertake the delimitation exercise in the state.
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DEFENCE

CRPF DG Sujoy Lal Thaosen Takes Additional Charge as BSF DG

  • CRPF Director-General Sujoy Lal Thaosen took the additional charge of the Border Security Force (BSF), following the retirement of incumbent Pankaj Kumar Singh.
  • Singh, a 1988-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Rajasthan cadre, handed over the baton of the country's largest border-guarding force to his batch mate from the Madhya Pradesh cadre at the BSF headquarters in central Delhi.
  • Thaosen had served different forces in various capacities, including the Special Protection Group (SPG) that is entrusted with the task of providing proximate security to the Prime Minister of India and former Prime Ministers.
  • Sujoy Lal Thaosen had served twice in the SPG and was taking care of the security of PM Manmohan Singh and former Prime Ministers of India.

Air Marshal Pankaj M. Sinha Takes over as Chief of IAF's Western Command

  • Air Marshal Pankaj Mohan Sinha took charge as the commander-in-chief of Indian Air Force's Western Air Command that looks after the security of the air space in the sensitive Ladakh sector as well as some other parts of north India.
  • He succeeded Air Marshal S. Prabhakaran who retired from service after serving the force for more than 39 years.
  • Air Marshal Sinha is a graduate of National Defence Academy, Pune, and was commissioned into the IAF as a fighter pilot in June 1985.
  • He is an alumnus of the prestigious Defence Services Staff College, Wellington.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Former Pope Benedict XVI Passes Away

  • Former Pope Benedict XVI died aged 95, almost a decade after he stood down because of ailing health.
  • He led the Catholic Church for fewer than eight years until, in 2013, he became the first Pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415.
  • Benedict spent his final years at the Mater Ecclesiae monastery within the walls of the Vatican where he passed away.
  • His successor Pope Francis will lead the funeral on 5 January.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

Global Family Day

  • Observed every year on January 1, Global Family Day is celebrated to start the New Year with a message of peace and unity among people.
  • The idea was coined in November 1997 after people were inspired by a book titled 'One Day In Peace – January 1, 2000,' which was released by the United Nations. It was the same time when the United Nations General Assembly launched the International Decade for the Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World. Following this in 1999, UN members also received an invitation to formally celebrate the first day of the year as 'Global Family Day'.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Centre Roll out New Integrated Food Security Scheme

  • The government rolled out of centre's new integrated food security Scheme from January 1, 2023.
  • As per the decision made by cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the new Scheme would provide free food grains to 81.35 crore beneficiaries under NFSA, for the year 2023.
  • The scheme would also ensure effective and uniform implementation of National Food Security Act (NFSA).
  • Under the scheme, the government will provide free food grains to all NFSA beneficiaries, i.e. Antyodaya Ann Yojana (AAY) households & Priority Household (PHH) persons for the year 2023 through the wide spread network of 5.33 lakh Fair Price Shops across the country.
  • The new integrated scheme subsumed two current food subsidy schemes of the Department of Food and Public Distribution- a) Food Subsidy to FCI for NFSA, and b) Food Subsidy for decentralized procurement states, dealing with procurement, allocation and delivery of free food grains to the states under NFSA.

Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana Covers over 16,554 Tribal Villages for Integrated Development of Tribal Dominated Villages

  • Over 16,554 tribal villages were covered so far (till December 31, 2022) under the Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana for the integrated development of tribal dominated villages.
  • As per Tribal Affairs Ministry, an amount of over 1,900 crore rupees was already released to the states. The main objective of this scheme is to achieve socio-economic development of selected villages through convergence approach.
  • The Ministry revamped the existing Scheme of Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub-Scheme with Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojna, for implementation during 2021-22 to 2025-26. Central government is now working to develop 36,428 villages with at least 50 percent tribal population and 500 Scheduled Tribes across the country into model tribal villages.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Canada, Japan Home to World's most Educated Population in 2022

  • Canada, Japan, and Luxembourg are the world's top three most educated countries in the world, as per Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) tertiary education report 2022.
  • Data revealed by the OECD showed that between 2000 and 2021, the share of 25–34-year-olds with tertiary education increased by 20 percentage points, from 27 per cent to 48 per cent.
  • The 10 most educated populations in the world are: Canada 59.96 per cent, Japan 52.68 per cent, Luxembourg 51.31 per cent, South Korea (50.71 per cent), Israel (50.12 per cent), United States (50.06 per cent), Ireland (49.94 per cent), United Kingdom (49.39 per cent), Australia (49.34 per cent) and Finland (47.87 per cent).

Scholarships by Indian Govt. for Students Planning to Study Abroad

  • For those who wish to study abroad, the Ministry of Education provides financial aid to Indian students for higher studies. To apply for these scholarships, aspirants can check the Ministry's official website — education.gov.in.
  • The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment provides several scholarship programmes such as the National Overseas Scholarship Scheme for Scheduled Castes, denotified, nomadic and semi nomadic tribes, landless agricultural labourers and traditional artisans, Scheduled Castes and traditional artisan category.
  • Scholarships are provided to candidates of the above-mentioned categories to help them obtain higher education viz., Masters' degree or PhD courses by studying abroad with the aim that this will help them improve their economic and social status.

Centre Signs Pact with IVBP for Commercial Production of 'Lumpi-ProVac'

  • The government signed a pact with Pune-based Institute of Veterinary Biological Products (IVBP) for commercial production of indigenously developed vaccine 'Lumpi-ProVac' for the control of lumpy skin disease in cattle.
  • The vaccine has been developed by Haryana-based National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture and ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines in collaboration with Uttar Pradesh-based ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute.
  • Agrinnovate India Ltd., the commercial arm of Department of Agriculture Research and Education under the aegis of Union Agriculture Ministry, has granted 'non-exclusive rights' for commercial production of 'Lumpi-ProVac' to IVPB for ten years.
  • India discovered Lumpy Skin Disease in 2019, with reporting the first case in Odisha. This was followed by its spread throughout the country's various states. It led to death of a large number of cattle, especially from the north-west part of the country.
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ART AND CULTURE

Fifty Centrally Protected Monuments Missing

  • According to a submission made in Parliament by the Ministry of Culture, as many as 50 of India's 3,693 centrally protected monuments are missing.
  • The missing monuments include 11 that were in Uttar Pradesh, as well as two each in Delhi and Haryana. The list also included monuments in Assam, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
  • As per the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), 14 of these monuments have been lost to rapid urbanisation, 12 are submerged by reservoirs or dams, and the locations of the remaining 24 remain untraceable.
View Month Wise

LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Justice B. V. Nagarathna Terms Demonetisation Unlawful, Gives Dissenting Verdict

  • The Supreme Court upheld demonetisation by 4:1 majority, with most of the justices holding the decision to be legal.
  • The five-Judge Constitution Bench headed by Justice S. Abdul Nazeer rejected the 58 petitions challenging the Union government's 2016 decision to demonetise Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes, while observing that the decision, which was taken by the Executive's Economic Policy, cannot be reversed now.
  • Justice B.R. Gavai, Justice A.S. Bopanna and Justice V. Ramasubramanian agreed to the verdict. However, Justice B.V. Nagarathna dissented to hold that the November 8, 2016 notification was unlawful.
  • As per Justice Nagarathna, "Legislation made in secrecy is an ordinance. The Centre's powers are vast for the demonetisation of all currency and must be exercised only through plenary legislation and not just a gazette notification."

Bombay High Court Makes E-mechanism Mandatory for Filing of Pleas related to Criminal and Commercial Cases

  • The Bombay High Court made it compulsory to use the e-filing mechanism for filing petitions pertaining to criminal and commercial cases.
  • The Notifications to this effect were released by both the original and appellate sides of the Court.
  • E-filing was also made compulsory in matters pertaining to all cases concerning Direct, Indirect tax; and non-commercial arbitration cases.
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