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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

22 Dec 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UAE to Host World Trade Organisation Ministerial Conference 2024

  • The next World Trade Organization ministerial conference will be held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates in February 2024, the global trade watchdog confirmed. The UAE and Cameroon were both vying to host the event and came to an informal agreement for Abu Dhabi to host the first one and Cameroon to do the next.
  • For the UAE, hosting the meeting is part of its own push to position itself as a global hub for business amid growing competition in the Middle East. It has been rolling out bilateral trade deals with fast-growing markets since the pandemic. Next year the Gulf Arab state will host COP28, the UN's Climate Change conference.
  • Founded in 1995, the WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War. The WTO is run by its 164 members.
  • It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
  • WTO is the only international organization that deals with the rules of trade between countries.
  • Its aim is to promote free trade, which is done through trade agreements that are discussed and signed by the member states.

IMF Approves New Program to Support Ukraine's Macroeconomic Stability

  • The IMF approved a new programme for Ukraine to support its macroeconomic and financial stability and catalyse donor financing.
  • The four-month Program Monitoring with Board Involvement does not directly provide financial assistance, but creates instruments for transitioning to a new, long-term upper-credit tranche programme of the IMF.
  • The programme is aimed at mobilising state budget revenues, strengthening the financial sector, and improving management transparency and effectiveness for state-owned enterprises.

Israeli Prime Minister-designate Benjamin Netanyahu Secures a Deal to Form New Government

  • Israel's longest-serving Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu secured a deal to form a new government after weeks of tough negotiations with far-right coalition partners. Netanyahu informed President Isaac Herzog that he managed to form a government. Minutes before a midnight deadline to form a coalition set by the Israel President.
  • The new government, which Netanyahu must now present within a week, will take office after a year that has seen the worst levels of violence in the West Bank in more than a decade.
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ENVIRONMENT

Infosys Recognised with 'A' Score for Transparency on Climate Change

  • Infosys was recognised for leadership in corporate transparency and performance on climate change by global environmental non-profit CDP, securing a place on its annual 'A List'.
  • Based on data reported through CDP's 2022 Climate Change questionnaire, Infosys is one of a small number of companies that achieved an 'A' out of nearly 15,000 companies scored.
  • CDP's annual environmental disclosure and scoring process is widely recognized as the gold standard of corporate environmental transparency.
  • Infosys featured in the leadership category under the CDP Climate Change disclosure for the seventh year in a row.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Jammu & Kashmir Tops Scheme to Assist Microenterprises

  • Jammu & Kashmir generated the most number of jobs among all the states and Union territories under the Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) in the current fiscal year. The credit-linked subsidy scheme facilitates employment generation opportunities by assisting in setting up of new self-employment projects and microenterprises in the non-farm sector.
  • Under the central sector scheme notified in 2008, 62,808 jobs were created by 7,851 assisted projects in Jammu & Kashmir till November 30, 2022, followed by Uttar Pradesh (50,904 jobs), Karnataka (27,944 jobs) and Tamil Nadu (27,232 jobs), according to the information provided by the Minister of State for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma.
  • The scheme by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is implemented by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), functioning as the nodal agency at the national level. At the state level, the scheme is implemented through State KVIC Directorates, State Khadi and Village Industries Boards (KVIBs), District Industries Centres (DICs) and Banks.
  • The scheme seeks to provide continuous and sustainable employment to all segments of traditional and prospective artisans and rural/urban unemployed youth in the country, so as to prevent migration of rural youth to urban areas. The maximum cost of the project eligible in the manufacturing sector is Rs. 25 lakh and in the service sector, it is Rs. 10 lakh.

Paytm in Collaboration with HDFC ERGO Launches Insurance for Digital Transaction

  • Paytm launched a group insurance plan called 'Paytm Payment Protect'.
  • According to Paytm, the insurance plan is in association with HDFC ERGO General Insurance and it is aimed to insure transactions made through UPI across all apps and wallets.
  • This product is expected to further enhance the trusted digital payments experience and increase the adoption of the same in India.
  • With the new insurance offering, which will come at a cost of Rs. 30 per annum, users would be able to secure themselves against mobile fraudulent transactions up to Rs. 10,000.
  • The partnership with HDFC ERGO is aligned with the mission of spreading financial awareness and propelling safer digital payments adoption, said Gupta.

Steel Minister Launches First Green Steel Brand of India

  • Steel Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia launched India's first Green Steel Brand – KALYANI FeRRESTA in New Delhi. This first-of-its-kind steel has been manufactured by a Pune-based Steel company, Kalyani Group by using renewable energy resources, leaving zero carbon footprints in the environment.
  • Scindia termed the launch as a paradigm shift in the Steel industry. He said, with the green steel manufacturing going on, India is leading the countries which have committed to achieving carbon neutrality.
  • The Minister expressed confidence that from now onwards, many countries will take inspiration from India to move towards green steel manufacturing and decarbonising of the industry.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Golden Jubilee of Telescope Celebrated in TN's Tirupathur

  • The Vainu Bappu observatory celebrated the golden jubilee of its Vainu Bappu 40-inch optical telescope at Kavalur in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu. It was installed in 1972 and comes with a mirror with a diameter of 102 cm.
  • The telescope set up by Professor Vainu Bappu has played a significant role in astronomy with major discoveries like the presence of rings around the planet Uranus, a new satellite of Uranus, the presence of an atmosphere around Ganymede which is a satellite of Jupiter.
  • Several important kinds of research were conducted with the telescope, including the discovery and study of many 'Be Stars', Lithium depletion in giant stars, optical variability in Blazars, and the dynamics of the famous supernova SN 1987A.
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SPORTS

Aman Sehrawat Wins Gold at Senior National Wrestling Championship

  • World under-23 champion Aman Sehrawat claimed the gold medal in the men's 57 kg freestyle at the Senior National Wrestling Championships at the Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium in Kochi, Kerala. Aman defeated Udit of Haryana to finish at the top.
  • Rahul and Atish Todkar won the bronze medals.

Ramiz Raja Removed as Pakistan Cricket Board Chairman

  • Former cricketer Ramiz Raja was removed as chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) by the country's government, which appointed a 14-member committee, headed by Najam Sethi, to run the affairs of the game for the next four months.
  • The Pakistan government removed Raja following the team's 3-0 whitewash by England in the Test series.
  • The developments confirmed speculation that Sharif, who is the patron-in-chief of the PCB, had decided to appoint Sethi as the new chairman of the country's cricket body.
  • Raja served as PCB chairman for 15 months after he was appointed by former Premier Imran Khan to head the board in September 2021.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Dinesh Kumar Shukla is New Chief of AERB

  • Senior nuclear scientist Dinesh Kumar Shukla was appointed as the chairperson of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) for a period of three years.
  • Shukla, who has been the executive director of the AERB, succeeded G. Nageswara Rao to the top post.
  • A graduate in mechanical engineering from the Jabalpur University, Shukla joined the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1981.
  • He has been associated with the commissioning of high-flux research reactor Dhruva and later, held the positions of reactor superintendent of the Dhruva Research Reactor and the head of the Reactor Operations Division (ROD) at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). As the head of the ROD, BARC, he was responsible for the safe and efficient operation of the research reactors at Trombay.

Odisha CM Launches 'Drink from Tap' Facility in 19 Cities, Towns

  • Noting that safe drinking water provision at every Odisha home has long been his dream, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik launched the Drink From Tap' project in 19 cities and towns of the state.
  • Earlier, the facility was unveiled in Puri and Gopalpur.
  • Under the project, drinking water will be supplied round the clock through taps installed in households.
  • Patnaik said that at least 5.55 lakh people in the 19 cities and the towns would benefit from the project.

Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal Rolls out Govt e-Marketplace Services

  • Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal rolled out Government e-Marketplace services, (GeM) through Common Service Centres, CSC, and India Post, Department of Post in New Delhi.
  • The integration of India Post and CSC with GeM will prove to be beneficial for last-mile buyers, sellers and service providers in public procurement.
  • Goyal said that GeM engineered one of the biggest change management processes in the country by triggering a massive transformation in procurement processes and bringing the much needed transparency in public procurement.
  • The Minister also launched the Government e-Marketplace Seller Samvaad Booklet. The booklet is a compilation of testimonials from sellers and service providers based on their experience on the GeM portal.
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DEFENCE

Indian Navy Launches INS Arnala, First Ship of ASW SWC Project

  • The Indian Navy launched 'Arnala', the first of the eight indigenously-built anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft (ASW-SWC), at the shipbuilding facility of L&T in Chennai's Kattupalli.
  • Built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), 'Arnala' made its first contact with the water of the Bay of Bengal at the launch ceremony presided over by Rasika Chaube, financial adviser (defence services) of the defence ministry.
  • The ship has been named 'Arnala' to signify the strategic maritime importance accorded to the island of Arnala, located about 13 kilometres north of Vasai, Maharashtra, by Maratha warrior king Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
  • The contract for building eight ASW-SWC ships was signed between the defence ministry and GRSE, Kolkata, in April 2019.
  • The 'Arnala' class of ships will replace the 'Abhay' class ASW ships of the Indian Navy. These are designed to undertake anti-submarine operations in coastal waters and low-intensity maritime operations (LIMO), including subsurface surveillance in littoral waters.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Sonakshi Sinha Named as PETA India's 2022 'Person of the Year' Title

  • Bollywood actress, Sonakshi Sinha was awarded PETA India's 2022 Person of the Year title. Sonakshi's actions helped save the lives of many animals killed for fashion, but her strong advocacy for dog and cat rights earned her the title. She is actively involved in animal welfare activities and regularly voices out the need for stronger animal protection laws. The international animal rights non-profit group endorsed the title and celebrated the actions of the "Dabang" actress for saving animal lives in India.
  • Last year, Alia Bhatt was awarded the same title. Previously PETA India Person of the Year winners include former Supreme Court Justice K.S. Panicker Radhakrishnan, cricketer Virat Kohli, comedian Kapil Sharma; and actors John Abraham, Anushka Sharma, Sunny Leone, R. Madhavan, Jacqueline Fernandez, Hema Malini, and Sonam Kapoor Ahuja, among others.
  • PETA stands for People for Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA was founded in 1980 and is dedicated to establishing and defending the rights of all animals. PETA operates under the simple principle that animals are not to experiment on, eat, wear, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way. PETA is the largest animal rights organization in the world, and PETA entities have more than 9 million members and supporters globally.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

National Mathematics Day

  • National Mathematics Day is observed on December 22 every year. This date marks the birth anniversary of legendary mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. In 2012, then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh declared December 22 as National Mathematics Day to honour the life and achievements of Ramanujan.
  • He was born in 1887 in Erode, Tamil Nadu in a humble Iyengar Brahmin family.
  • Ramanujan was a self-taught mathematician and is considered one of the greatest Indian mathematicians of all time.
  • During his short but impactful lifespan, Ramanujan worked on theorems that seemed impossible to solve. He is known for the work he did in the areas of continued fractions, Riemann series, elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series and functional equations of the zeta function.
  • On May 2, 1918, he became a fellow of the Royal Society in London, one of youngest people to receive such an honour. Ramanujan died on April 26, 1920 at the age of 32.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Assam Government Launches Orunodoi 2.0 Scheme

  • Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launched the second version of 'Orunodoi', the flagship scheme of the state government aimed at providing financial security to financially disadvantaged families.
  • Orunodoi' or Arunodoi Scheme is a new scheme of the Government of Assam launched on October 2, 2020. Under 'Orunodoi', monetary benefits have been envisaged for more than 24 lakh poor household in the state. The existing beneficiaries of the Deen Dayal Divyangan Pension Yojana and Indira Miri Widow Pension Scheme have been subsumed under Orunodoi 2.0. Divyangans and transgenders would also be included. Under the 'Orunodoi 2.0' scheme the amount was enhanced from 830/- to Rs. 1250/ Women.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

UP Govt. to Award Class 10, Class 12 Toppers with Cash Prizes

  • The UP government decided to award Class 10 and Class 12 toppers in the state with cash awards. Rs 4.73 crore was earmarked for the same. The toppers in the high school or intermediate board exams can belong to CBSE, CISCE, UP board, or Sanskrit Education Board.
  • A total of 148 CBSE board students would be awarded for grabbing a top spot at the state level, while 1549 UP board toppers will be awarded with Rs. 2100 each.
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ART AND CULTURE

Gujarat's Vadnagar, Modhera Sun Temple on UNESCO Sites Tentative List

  • Two heritage sites from Gujarat, the Sun Temple at Modhera and Prime Minister Narendra Modi's hometown Vadnagar, both in Mehasana district, found place among the three sites from India that were added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
  • The third site added to the list is rock-cut relief sculptures of Unakoti in Tripura.
  • As per the UNESCO website, a tentative list is an inventory of those properties which each state party intends to consider for nomination.

Ministry of Culture in Collaboration with Prasiddha Foundation Organises Delhi International Arts Festival

  • Ministry of Culture in collaboration with Prasiddha Foundation inaugurated Delhi International Arts Festival at Kartavya Path with the tag-line – 'Where Bharat Meets India'.
  • The festival aims to celebrate the great Epics, the Warriors Who Fought for Our Freedom, and the many policy decisions and schemes instituted by our Government towards 'Women Empowerment', towards 'Cleaning Our Holy Rivers', towards keeping our Country 'Clean and Free from Dirt and Disease'.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

Hemant Gupta Appointed New Delhi International Arbitration Centre Chairman

  • Former Supreme Court judge Hemant Gupta was appointed as the chairperson of New Delhi International Arbitration Centre (NDIAC), according to a Personnel Ministry order.
  • The NDIAC has been established for the purpose of creating an independent and autonomous regime for institutionalised arbitration.
  • The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment of Justice Hemant Gupta (R) as NDIAC chairperson and that of Ganesh Chandru and Anant Vijay Palli as its part-time members.

Delhi High Court Dismisses Plea Challenging Constitutional Validity of Rule 9(2) of the Delhi Higher Judiciary Services Rules

  • The Delhi High Court dismissed a plea that challenges constitutional validity of the recently amended Rule 9(2) of the Delhi Higher Judiciary Services Rules, 1970 (the Rules).
  • The bench comprising of Justice Vibhu Bakhru and Justice Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav rejected the plea which was moved saying that they are unable to accept that Rule 9(2), as set out above, falls foul of Article 233 of the Constitution of India.
  • On the contrary, Rule 9(2) of the Rules is in conformity with the decision in the case of Deepak Aggarwal v. Keshav Kaushik & Ors.
  • In this case the plea was moved by a lawyer Praveen Garg who argued that Rule 9(2) of the Rules falls foul of Article 233(2) of the Constitution of India as the same does not expressly require a candidate to be in continuous practice of at least 7 years to be eligible to be appointed as a District Judge.
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