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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

19 Dec 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Indian-origin Leo Varadkar Elected as Prime Minister of Ireland

  • Indian-origin Leo Varadkar, former Irish Deputy Prime Minister and leader of the Fine Gael party, was elected as the new Prime Minister of Ireland following a vote in the lower house of the Irish parliament.
  • A total of 87 members of the house voted in favour of his nomination as the new Prime Minister while 62 members voted against it.
  • Following his appointment as new Prime Minister by Irish President Michael D. Higgins, Varadkar announced a reshuffle of the cabinet.

Chancellor Olaf Scholz Inaugurates Germany's First Liquefied Natural Gas Terminal

  • Chancellor Olaf Scholz inaugurated Germany's first liquefied natural gas terminal, declaring that the speed with which it was put into service is a signal that Europe's biggest economy will remain strong.
  • The top three officials in the government — Scholz, Economy Minister Robert Habeck and Finance Minister Christian Lindner — attended the inauguration in the North Sea port of Wilhelmshaven in a sign of the importance that Germany attaches to several new LNG terminals that it is scrambling to build following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

IMF Approves Deal with Egypt for USD 3 Billion Support Package

  • The International Monetary Fund approved a deal that will provide a USD 3 billion support package to cash-strapped Egypt over a period of almost four years, with the agreement expected to draw in additional USD 14 billion in financing for the Middle East country.
  • The announcement from the IMF's executive board came after a preliminary agreement was reached in October between Egypt and the fund, hours after Egypt's central bank introduced a series of reforms, including a hike in key interest rates by roughly 2 percentage points.
  • The Egyptian economy has been hard-hit by the coronavirus pandemic and the war in Ukraine, events that have played havoc with global markets and hiked oil and food prices worldwide.
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ENVIRONMENT

Rajasthan's Tal Chhapar Sanctuary Gets Protection from Plan to Reduce its Size

  • The famous Tal Chhapar blackbuck sanctuary in Rajasthan's Churu district received a protective cover against a proposed move of the State government to reduce the size of its eco-sensitive zone. The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) also took up a major project for the conservation of raptors in the sanctuary, spread in an area measuring 7.19 sq. km.
  • The Rajasthan High Court intervened through a suo motu public interest litigation to protect the sanctuary, taking cognisance of reports that its area was going to be reduced to three sq. km. under pressure from mine owners and stone crusher operators. The court had ordered a "complete prohibition" on any action to reduce the wildlife sanctuary's area.
  • The sanctuary is host to about 4,000 blackbucks and other wild animals, over 40 species of raptors and more than 300 species of resident and migratory birds. The raptors, which include predators and scavengers, are on top of the food chain and control the populations of small mammals, birds and reptiles as well as insects.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

ReNew Power Signs 150 MW Agreement with Microsoft

  • ReNew Power, subsidiary of renewable energy company ReNew Energy Global Plc, signed a renewable energy agreement of 150 MW with Microsoft India, in one of the largest such deals in the country.
  • As part of the arrangement, ReNew will produce 150 MW of clean energy from a recently commissioned solar site near Bikaner.
  • This deal signifies that corporates globally, including India, are increasingly integrating renewable energy into their operations in every form, and this partnership further paves the way for innovative models that will accelerate the energy transition.

The Union Cabinet Approves the National Geospatial Policy

  • The Union Cabinet is learnt to have approved the National Geospatial Policy that seeks to boost entrepreneurship for the socio-economic development of the country.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired a meeting of the Union Cabinet.
  • The policy also seeks to promote the use of geospatial products and services, generate useful insights from geospatial data and strengthen India's geospatial infrastructure and capabilities.

PNB Housing Fin Opens 'Roshni' Branches for Affordable Housing Loans

  • PNB Housing Finance opened 'Roshni' initiative branches in various locations, including tier II and III cities, for deepening its customer base in the affordable housing segment.
  • Through its affordable home loan scheme Roshni, the city-based lender also renewed its commitment towards the government's Housing for All mission.
  • Under this initiative, PNB Housing Finance will offer retail loans to individuals in the range of Rs. 5 lakh to Rs. 30 lakh.
  • The company's Roshni branches inaugurated in Chennai, Coimbatore, Ghaziabad, Hyderabad, Indore/Ujjain, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, Rajkot and Varanasi will cater to customers in this segment.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NASA Launches Satellite for Landmark Study of Earth's Water

  • A satellite lifted off from California on a mission to survey nearly all bodies of water on Earth, offering key insights on how they influence or are impacted by climate change.
  • The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, a billion-dollar project jointly developed by NASA and France's space agency CNES, took off atop a SpaceX rocket from the Vandenberg Space Force Base.
  • As per reports, it will start collecting scientific data in about six months after undergoing checks and calibrations.

India Third in Global Ranking in Scientific Publications

  • India jumped to the third position in the global ranking in scientific publications, Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh said.
  • Singh said that according to the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Science & Engineering Indicators 2022 report of the United States, India's position globally in scientific publications, has improved from seventh position in 2010 to third position in 2020.
  • He also added that India's scholarly output increased from 60,555 papers in 2010 to 1,49,213 papers in 2020.
  • The National Science Foundation is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.
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SPORTS

India Beat Bangladesh to Win their 3rd T20 World Cup for Blind

  • India defeated Bangladesh in the final clash of the T20 World Cup for Blind. They registered their third title of the tournament. In the match, India beat their opponents by a huge margin of 120 runs.
  • Ramesh smashed 136 off 63 balls with the help of 24 boundaries and one six, while Reddy struck 100 off 50 balls (18X4).
  • The duo put on a 248-run unbeaten partnership for the third wicket to take them to a mammoth 277 for two in 20 overs after opting to bat.
  • Chasing the huge target, Bangladesh could only score 157 for 3 in 20 overs. Salman top-scored for Bangladesh with 77 not out.

FIFA World Cup 2022 Messi Wins Golden Ball

  • Each FIFA World Cup ends with a number of awards being handed to players who stand out during the FIFA World Cup tournament. The Golden Ball is presented to the player who has performed the best overall, while the Golden Gloves and Golden Boot are among the most prestigious of these honours. The Golden Boot is given to the player who scored the most goals during the competition.
  • Lionel Messi of Argentina won the Golden Ball 2022 FIFA World Cup for his outstanding performance. FIFA World 2022 was the last World Cup match of Messi.

Ruud Wins 2022 Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award

  • Casper Ruud was announced as the winner of the 2022 Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award. The winner of this particular award is selected by fellow players on the ATP Tour.
  • The Norwegian reached the summit clashes of French Open, US Open and ATP Finals this year. He also won titles in Buenos Aires, Geneva and Gstaad while finishing runner-up at Miami. Ruud, who reached a career-high ranking of World No. 2, finished the year as World No. 3.
  • It is the first time since 2004 that the award has not been won by either Roger Federer (13-time winner) or Rafael Nadal (five-time winner including last four years). Ruud is also the award's first Scandinavian winner since Sweden's Edberg who won it for a fifth time in 1995. The following year, the award was renamed to honour him.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Manipur Govt. Launches Alternative Farming System for Poppy Planters

  • In a bid to counter illicit poppy cultivation in the state, Manipur Chief Minister N. Biren Singh launched the alternative farming system for poppy planters in nine hill districts of Manipur.
  • Illegal poppy cultivation has become one of the major causes of concern for officials in Manipur. According to official sources, 14,315 acres of illicit poppy, cultivated mostly in the hill districts of Manipur, were destroyed by security forces in the previous term of the present government.
  • Concerned by the trend of large scale illicit poppy plantation, the Manipur government had earlier this year launched the 'War on Drugs' campaign.
  • The alternative farming system will benefit 'jhumias' or poppy planters of nine districts, namely Churachandpur, Pherzawl, Noney, Tamenglong, Senapati, Kangpokpi, Ukhrul, Kamjong, Tengnoupal and Chandel.

Jitendra Announces 'One Week, One Lab' Countrywide Campaign

  • Union Minister for Science & Technology, Jitendra Singh, who is also the Vice President of CSIR (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), announced the launching of "One Week, One Lab" countrywide campaign from January 6, 2023.
  • In this, each of the 37 premier Laboratories/Institutes of CSIR spread across the country will, one after the other in every successive week, showcase their exclusive innovations and technological breakthroughs to the people of India.
  • Addressing the 200th Governing Body Meeting of CSIR at the Science Centre in New Delhi, Jitendra Singh said that the "One Week One Lab" theme-based campaign is expected to ignite the minds of young innovators, students, start-ups, academia, and industry to look for opportunities through deep tech ventures.

States Too Share Responsibility for Security in Border Areas

  • Home Minister Amit Shah at a meeting of Eastern Zone Council indicated to chief ministers that the states too share a responsibility along with the BSF for security in India's border areas.
  • Illegal infiltration, trans-border smuggling and the vulnerable India-Bangladesh boundary were among subjects discussed at the 25th Eastern Zonal Council (EZC) meeting, chaired by Shah, at the West Bengal secretariat.
  • Talks on transportation facilities and water-sharing among the states were also held at the 25th EZC meeting, which were attended by Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, her counterpart from Jharkhand Hemant Soren, Bihar deputy CM Tejashwi Yadav and Odisha minister Pradeep Amat.
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DEFENCE

Rajnath Singh Commissions Stealth-guided Missile Destroyer INS Mormugao

  • INS Mormugao, a P15B stealth-guided missile destroyer, was commissioned into the Indian Navy in Mumbai. INS Mormugao was commissioned in the presence of Defence minister Rajnath Singh, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan, Navy chief Admiral R. Hari Kumar and other dignitaries.
  • The ship is 163 metres long and 17 metres wide, displaces 7400 tonnes when fully loaded and has a maximum speed of 30 knots. Apart from myriad indigenous equipment in the 'Float' and 'Move' categories, the destroyer is also installed with under-mentioned major indigenous weapons. The overall indigenous content of the project is approximately 75 per cent.
  • The keel of Mormugao was laid in June 2015 and the ship was launched on September 17, 2016. The design has largely maintained the hull form, propulsion machinery, a lot of platform equipment and major weapons and sensors.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Cherisha Chanda from India Wins Miss Eco Teen Pageant

  • Indian teenager Cherisha Chanda, who is 17 years old, made history by winning India's first Miss Eco Teen Pageant. Beela Vu, Miss Eco Teen 2021 from Vietnam, gave her the crown.
  • The world's largest beauty contest, Miss Eco Teen, has its headquarters in Egypt. There were 25 participating nations in the competition. Cherisha Chanda, Miss Teen Diva 2021's runner-up, was chosen to represent India in the Miss Eco Teen Pageant. The international pageant promotes environmental awareness and partners with the current champion in a number of environmental initiatives. The recipient is also given the opportunity to participate actively in UNEP.
  • Chanda has been actively involved with ACT Now, a non-governmental organisation that actively promotes environmental initiatives in more than 160 nations.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

Goa's Liberation Day

  • Goa Liberation Day is celebrated annually on December 19 to mark the anniversary of the state gaining independence from the Portuguese. Goa was liberated by Indian forces in 1961 after 450 years under Portuguese domination. In 1510, the Portuguese colonised a number of locations in India, but by the end of the 19th century, they had only succeeded in retaining colonies in Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, and Anjediva Island. Small-scale protests marked the beginning of the Goa Liberation Movement, which aimed to overthrow Portuguese colonial rule in the region. Goa Liberation Day also honours the state's accomplishments in the tourism industry as well as the fact that it has the highest per capita income of all Indian states and union territories.
  • Goa continued to be ruled by the Portuguese for 14 years after India achieved freedom in 1947. Goa's struggle for freedom gained confidence when India declared independence, sparking a number of protests and demonstrations. India, therefore, attempted to recover Goa through diplomatic means in a peaceful manner.
  • The Portuguese surrendered after Jawaharlal Nehru, the country's then-Prime Minister, deployed armed forces. The 36-hour military action, code-named "Operation Vijay" meaning "Operation Victory," included strikes by the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Air Force. The coastal state was freed on December 19, 1961 and became a Union Territory of India.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Lok Sabha Clears Bill to Give ST Status to Himachal's Hattee Community

  • The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Third Amendment) Bill, 2022, aimed at inclusion of the Hattee community of Trans Giri area in Himachal Pradesh's Sirmaur district in the Scheduled Tribes list, was passed by Lok Sabha.
  • Tribal Affairs Minister Arjun Munda said that the Bill seeks to provide justice and facilities to those who have been deprived for years. The Bill, introduced in Lok Sabha was passed by a voice vote.
  • The government's move to introduce the Bill came after the Himachal Pradesh government requested the Centre to include the Hattee community in the ST list.
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GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Ashwini Vaishnaw Appointed as First Chancellor of Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya, Vadodara

  • Ashwini Vaishnaw, Minister of Railways, Communications, Electronics & Information Technology, Govt. of India, was appointed as the Chancellor of Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya, Vadodara, by President Smt. Draupadi Murmu. It is noteworthy to mention that Ashwini Vaishnaw is the first Chancellor of Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya.
  • As per the Central University Act, 2009, Dr. Manoj Chaudhary will hold the position of Vice Chancellor of Gati Shakti University for five years from the date he assumes office.

AAP Govt. Launches 'Delhi Robotics League' for Govt. School Students

  • The Delhi government launched the 'Delhi Robotics League' for school students of the national capital.
  • The programme was launched at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar School of Specialised Excellence in the presence of the Director-Education, Himanshu Gupta.
  • This league is a unique, first of its kind tournament organised at the school-level across the country. Through this spectacular initiative, the Delhi government endeavours to generate curiosity for the field of robotics amongst children studying in its schools, to find and groom talent for the future of this field.
  • The students of Class 9 and Class 10 will get a chance to showcase and enhance their skills in robotics.

Tamil Nadu Govt. Launches 'Friends of Library' Programme to Promote Reading

  • The 'Friends of Library' programme, under which books would be directly given to those who are unable to access state-run libraries, was introduced by the Tamil Nadu government.
  • The project will be helpful to people with disabilities, seniors, kids, and hospital in-patients, among others, who are unable to visit a library.
  • Such individuals will receive the books from the libraries from volunteers. The recipients must register with the relevant library.
  • The programme will involve 2,500 libraries in its initial phase, including 31 district libraries.
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ART AND CULTURE

Bolivian Film Utama Wins Suvarna Chakoram at IFFK 2022

  • Bolivian film Utama, which brilliantly portrayed the daily struggles of people faced with a drought, won the Golden Crow Pheasant award aka Suvarna Chakoram for best film at the 27th International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK). The Rajatha Chakoram — Silver Crow Pheasant — for the best director went to Turkey's Tayfun Pirselimoglu.
  • Utama, which tells the story of Clever who visits his elderly grandparents in a midst of a drought, is directed by Alejandro Loayza Grisi. The award was received by film producer Santiago Loayza Grisi, who is also Alejandro's twin brother.
  • The award, that carries a purse of Rs. 20 lakh and a certificate, was presented by Culture Minister V. N. Vasavan. Tayfun received Rs. 4 lakh and a certificate. He won the award for his film Kerr, which is based on the life of a young man who witnesses a murder.
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