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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

26 Sep 2022

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

G-4 Countries Reiterates UNSC Reform

  • The G4 grouping comprising India, Japan, Germany and Brazil expressed their concern over lack of any meaningful forward movement on long-pending reform of the UN Security Council (UNSC) and demanded urgency on the issue.
  • The Foreign Ministers of the G4 countries held a virtual meeting coinciding with the 75th session of the UN General Assembly during which they held extensive discussion on the need for urgent reform of the UNSC. The ministers highlighted the urgency of reforming the UN and updating its main decision-making bodies, in order to better reflect contemporary realities.
  • All members of the G4 support each other's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council, formed in 2004.
  • Each of these four countries has figured among the elected non-permanent members of the council since the UN's establishment.

US Revokes Taliban Ruled Afghanistan's Designation as Major Non-NATO Ally

  • Over a year after the Taliban overthrew the democratically elected government in Kabul, the United States rescinded the designation of Afghanistan as a major non-NATO ally.
  • The United States named Afghanistan a major non-NATO ally in July 2012, which paved the way for the two sides to maintain economic and defence ties. It also helped Kabul with defence and security-related aid and equipment.
  • The change in Afghanistan's status follows Biden's withdrawal of US troops from the country last year, ending nearly 20 years of war.

QUAD Inks HADR Partnership Guidelines

  • The QUAD countries signed the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) partnership guidelines.
  • The signed the HADR partnership guidelines ensures expansion of scope of the QUAD alliance.
  • The signing took place during the QUAD foreign ministers' meeting held at the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
  • The HADR partnership was announced during the Quad Leaders' Tokyo Summit in May 2022 as part of the grouping's shared vision of free and open Indo-Pacific.
  • These guidelines trace their origins to the 2004 ad hoc Tsunami Core Group, which sought to strengthen international response during the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami.
  • These guidelines aim to respond to disasters occurring in the Indo-Pacific region.
  • The partnership will act as a dedicated framework for QUAD countries and help them boost coordination during disaster response operations.
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ENVIRONMENT

Nation Gets its First Dugong Conservation Reserve in Tamil Nadu

  • Tamil Nadu notified the country's first 'Dugong Conservation Reserve' in Palk Bay covering the coastal waters of Thanjavur and Pudukottai districts with an area of 448 square kilometres. In September 2021 Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN) initiated the idea of the 'Dugong Conservation Reserve' to be established in the Palk Bay region, in order to protect the endangered Dugong species and its marine habitats in Tamil Nadu. At present, there are around 240 Dugongs in India and a majority of them are found in the Tamil Nadu Coast (Palk Bay region).
  • Dugongs are the largest herbivorous marine mammals in the world thriving primarily on seagrass beds, a major carbon sink of the oceans. Dugongs are protected under Schedule 1 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Dilip Asbe Reappointed MD & CEO of NPCI for Five Years at Firm's AGM

  • The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) reappointed Dilip Asbe as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD&CEO) of the company for a period of five years, with effect from January 8, 2023.
  • Asbe took over as MD&CEO of NPCI in January 2018. Prior to that, he was the firm's chief operating officer for close to 5 years, before which he served as the chief technology officer.
  • NPCI is the umbrella organisation for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India. Under Asbe's leadership NPCI's flagship product Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has grown leaps and bounds and is now the most preferred digital payments platform in the country.

Britannia Industries Elevates Varun Berry as Executive VC & MD, Appoints Rajneet Kohli as CEO

  • Britannia Industries' board elevated Varun Berry as Executive Vice‐chairman and Managing Director with immediate effect and also appointed Rajneet Singh Kohli as Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer.
  • Rajneet Kohli previously worked with Jubilant Food Works (JFL) as the president & chief business officer for Domino's Pizza has more than 25 years of experience in numerous senior leadership roles in sectors like FMCG & retail.

SBI Least Efficient Among Asia-Pacific Peers, Says S&P Global Market Intelligence

  • State Bank of India (SBI) was the least efficient among its Asia-Pacific peers in the June quarter due to its high cost-to-income ratio and mark-to-market losses on its investment book, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence.
  • SBI had the highest cost-to-income ratio of 71.06 per cent, followed by Japan's Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Inc, Resona Holdings Inc of Japan, and ICICI Bank of India. The ratio is a gauge of profitability: the lower the ratio, the more profitable the bank is. S&P Global Market Intelligence calculated cost-to-income ratio by dividing operating costs by operating income.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

India's 1st Avalanche Monitoring Radar Installed in North Sikkim

  • The Indian Army and the Defence Geoinformatics and Research Establishment (DGRE) jointly installed the Avalanche Monitoring Radar, first of its kind in India, in north Sikkim.
  • Besides being used for detection of avalanches, this radar can also be employed to detect landslides.
  • The radar was inaugurated by Tri Shakti Corps commander, Lt Gen Tarn Kumar Aich, at one of the forward posts of the army at an altitude of 15,000 feet in north Sikkim.
  • This radar has the capability to detect avalanches within three seconds of their triggering and will assist in saving valuable life of troops and civilians as also vehicles in super high altitude areas.

NASA's DART Mission Collides with an Asteroid

  • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's) Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission clashed with an asteroid. The aircraft made history as it crashed an asteroid in the world's first planetary defence test.
  • The DART Mission slammed a spacecraft into the tiny moon of the asteroid Didymos, with the impact.
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SPORTS

Former India Captain Dilip Tirkey is New Hockey India President

  • Former India captain Dilip Tirkey was elected unopposed as the new president of Hockey India (HI). The three-time Olympian, regarded as one of India's best defenders, was the favourite to take over as the president after he filed his nomination as the president of Odisha's hockey federation.
  • The elections were supposed to be held next month, but Tirkey was named the president after Hockey Jharkhand president Bhola Nath Singh withdrew his candidature for the post. Singh was elected unopposed as the secretary general of the new HI executive. Singh is a known loyalist of Narinder Batra, the former president of the Indian Olympic Association, International Hockey Federation (FIH) and the HI. The Tamil Nadu federation's chief, Sekar J Manoharan, was also elected unopposed as the new treasurer.

Mithali Raj, Sourav Ganguly Lead Tributes to Jhulan Goswami

  • Former India women's team skipper Mithali Raj led the tributes to veteran India pace bowler Jhulan Goswami who retired from international cricket, saying her longevity was beyond compare.
  • Indian women's cricket team gave a fitting farewell to the legendary bowler in her last international game, with a 16-run victory in a low-scoring third and final T20I and 3-0 series whitewash over England at Lord's.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Sanjai Kumar Appointed as New Chairman & MD of Railtel

  • RailTel Corporation of India announced that its board approved the appointment of Sanjai Kumar as chairman & managing director of the company.
  • Sanjai has over 29 years of experience of working as an officer of IRSSE including over 20 years of experience of managing projects and marketing departments in the company.
  • He is an officer of the Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers (IRSSE1). He was currently working as director of networking, planning & marketing at the company.

K. Raja Prasad Reddy Elected INS President

  • K. Raja Prasad Reddy of Telugu media group Sakshi was elected president of the Indian Newspaper Society (INS) for 2022-23. He succeeded Mohit Jain of the Economic Times. INS, the apex body of publishers of newspapers, magazines and periodicals in the country, also elected Aaj Samaj's Rakesh Sharma as deputy president and Mathrubhumi Arogya Masika's M. V. Shreyams Kumar as vice-president. Amar Ujala's Tanmay Maheshwari was named the honorary treasurer of the Society for 2022-23.
  • The secretary general of the society is Mary Paul.

Senior IAS officer Rajendra Kumar Appointed ESIC Director General

  • Senior bureaucrat Rajendra Kumar was appointed the director general of the Employees' State Insurance Corporation, as part of a senior-level bureaucratic reshuffle effected by the Centre.
  • Kumar, a 1992-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Tamil Nadu cadre, is currently an additional secretary in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
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DEFENCE

Amit Shah Inaugurates Building of five Border Observation Posts at SSB Camp in Kishanganj in Bihar

  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah asserted that the boundary of the country is fully secured. After inaugurating building of five Border Observation Posts (BOPs) at Fatehpur, Pektola, Beria, Aamgachi and Raniganj at SSB camp in Kishanganj, Shah said that the open border of Nepal is challenging for security personnel. The Union Home Minister asked Seema Suraksha Bal (SSB) jawans to be vigilant along the border to check the infiltration, smuggling, and trafficking of humans and animals from Nepal and Bangladesh. Shah said, the SSB should adopt the latest technology including Drone and CCTV to ensure perfect security along bordering areas. The Minister said, SSB jawans are not only protecting bordering areas but also performing a commendable job to eliminate the Naxal menace in Bihar and Jharkhand.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Environmental Health Day

  • The World Environmental Health Day is observed every year on September 26 with an aim to increase awareness about the crucial work done by environmental health workers and encourage people to contribute to the protection of our environment. In the post-COVID times, the importance of the environmental health workforce needs to be highlighted more than ever before.
  • World Environmental Health Day was established by the International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH) on September 26, 2011. Since then, it has been celebrated annually. The IFEH is a body of 44 members and it aims to raise awareness regarding the health of our environment. The IFHE was founded in 1986 in London with a focus on scientific and technical research on environmental health and the exchange of ideas between countries.
  • World Environmental Health Day 2022 was celebrated under the theme 'Strengthening Environmental Health Systems for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals'.

International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons

  • International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons is observed on September 26 every year. The devastating impact of the 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings is well known. This apart, over 2000 nuclear tests have been conducted to date; the last one in 2017, by North Korea. Such tests have caused cancers, birth defects and chronic diseases, among other illnesses in people, and severely damaged the natural world.
  • The United Nations' (UN) objective to achieve total nuclear disarmament was underlined in the first resolution of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1946. Nuclear disarmament was made a priority objective in the first Special Session of the UNGA on disarmament in 1978. The nations which possess nuclear weapons include a doctrine of nuclear deterrence in their security policies.
  • To raise public awareness about nuclear weapons, the UNGA, in 2009, declared August 29 as the International Day against Nuclear Tests. Then, in December 2013, the UNGA declared September 26 as the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons to mark the high-level UNGA meeting on nuclear disarmament on September 26 that year.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Home Secretary Suella Braverman Given First-ever Queen Elizabeth II Woman of the Year Award

  • Britain's Indian-origin Home Secretary Suella Braverman was named winner of the first-ever Queen Elizabeth II Woman of the Year award at a ceremony in London.
  • The 42-year-old barrister, who was appointed to the Cabinet earlier this month by British Prime Minister Liz Truss, said it was the "honour of her life" to take on the new role at the Asian Achievers Awards (AAA) 2022 ceremony, dedicated to the memory of the late monarch who passed away in September 2022.
  • Braverman, the London-born daughter of Tamil mother Uma and Goan-origin father Christie Fernandes, sent a recorded message to the ceremony where her parents collected the award on her behalf.

President Draupadi Murmu Confers National Service Scheme (NSS) Awards 2020-21

  • President Droupadi Murmu conferred the National Service Scheme NSS Awards for the year 2020-21 at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • A total of forty-two Awards were given. Two universities, ten NSS units, their Programme Officers, and 30 NSS volunteers received the awards.
  • Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Anurag Singh Thakur, Union Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports Nisith Pramanik, Youth Affairs Secretary Sanjay Kumar along with other dignitaries were present on this occasion.
  • NSS was launched in the year 1969 with the primary objective of developing the personality and character of the student youth through voluntary community service. The ideological orientation of the NSS is inspired by the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. Very appropriately, the motto of NSS is "NOT ME, BUT YOU 'स्वयं से पहले आप'.
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

UP Passes Amendment Bill that Denies Anticipatory Bail to Rape Accused

  • Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly passed the Code of Criminal Procedure (Uttar Pradesh Amendment) Bill 2022 which bars granting of anticipatory bail to rape accused.
  • As per UP Parliamentary Affairs Minister Suresh Kumar Khanna, a provision has been made to not grant anticipatory bail to those accused of offences under the POCSO Act and 'durachaar' (misconduct) with women.
  • Denying anticipatory bail in sexual offenses against young people and women would reduce the chances of the accused destroying the evidence.
  • The provision would also help prevent the accused from intimidating or harassing the victim and other witnesses.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Rajiv Bahl Appointed New Director General of ICMR

  • Rajiv Bahl was appointed as the new Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-cum-secretary of the department of health Research for a period of three years.
  • Bahl currently heads the research on maternal, newborn child and adolescent health cum-newborn unit on maternal, Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, at the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Geneva.
  • His predecessor, Balram Bhargava's extended tenure as Director General of ICMR and secretary of the Department of Health Research ended in July. Bhargava was appointed to the post in April 2018 for four years.

M. Srinivas Appointed Director of AIIMS-Delhi

  • The dean of Employees' State Insurance Company (ESIC) Hospital and Medical College, Hyderabad, M. Srinivas was appointed the director of New Delhi's All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), nearly six months after the tenure of the previous director, Randeep Guleria, formally ended. The appointment is for a period of five years.
  • Srinivas was on deputation at the ESIC Hospital and continues to be a professor of pediatric surgery at AIIMS. Including Guleria, AIIMS has had 15 directors so far since its foundation in 1956. All former directors have been employees at the institute at the time of their appointment.
  • Srinivas has been a faculty at AIIMS-Delhi in the past. He was a professor in the department of paediatric surgery at the premier institute before joining ESIC Hospital and Medical College in Hyderabad in 2016.

Nirmala Sitharaman Launch e-learning Platform Bharat Vidya

  • Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman launched the Bharat Vidya, which is an online learning platform for Oriental and South Asian Studies. The Bharat Vidya is designed and developed by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI).
  • Bharat Vidya is a first-of-its-kind online platform, which will offer both free and paid courses covering various aspects of Indology about art, architecture, philosophy, language, and science. The Bharat Vidya will have six courses at the beginning including Veda Vidya, Bharatiya Darshanshastra, Sanskrit learning, 18 Parvas of Mahabharata, Fundamentals of Archaeology, and Kalidasa and Bhasha. BORI will collaborate with Indian and Foreign universities for awarding credits for its courses. During the inaugural event, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitaraman announced that the courses offered complied with the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
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BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Jagdeep Dhankhar Releases the Book Titled "Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay - Jeevan Darshan Aur Samsamyikta"

  • The vice president, Jagdeep Dhankhar released the book titled "Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay – Jeevan Darshan Aur Samsamyikta" (five volumes) in New Delhi and on this occasion he highlighted the importance of Pt Deendayal's thoughts in contemporary times. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, former Union Minister Murli Manohar Joshi and other dignitaries were among those attending the event.
  • Jagdeep Dhankhar appreciated the efforts of the Chief Editor of the book, Bajrang Lal Gupta and his team for coming out with these well-researched five volumes on one of the foremost leaders of modern India.
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TOURISM AND HOTEL INDUSTRY AWARENESS

Bhutan Reopens to those Willing to Pay $200 per Day Visitor Tax

  • One of the world's most remote and exotic travel destinations, Bhutan, reopened its borders to tourists, but with a catch: a $200-per-night tax.
  • The tiny Himalayan kingdom of fewer than 800,000 people, sandwiched between China and India, increased its Sustainable Development Fee from $65 a night as part of a "renewed focus of sustainability" in the government's strategy to attract "high value, low volume" tourism.
  • The nation has long shunned mass tourism.
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LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

SC Judge Indira Banerjee Retires with Hope of more Women Judges in Top Court

  • Justice Indira Banerjee, the fifth senior-most judge of the Supreme Court, retired with the hope that more women would be appointed as judges in the top court in future.
  • Justice Banerjee demitted office after serving for over four years.
  • Justice Banerjee recounted her journey in the Supreme Court which started 35 years ago, when she first came to the apex court as a junior from Calcutta High Court. She said it seemed just like the other day when she was sharing the bench with Justice (since retired) Dipak Misra on August 7, 2018.
  • With her retirement, there are three women judges in the Supreme Court. The retirement of justice Banerjee brought down the number of serving judges in the top court to 29 against the sanctioned strength of 34 including the CJI.
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