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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

15 Mar 2021

DAILY G.K. TEST

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

US Offers Temporary Legal Residency to People from Myanmar

  • The Biden administration offered temporary legal residency to people from Myanmar, where military leaders have overthrown the country's elected government and are using deadly force against protesters.
  • Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas said that the temporary protected status would last for 18 months. The designation applies to people from that country already living in the United States.

Suga First Foreign Leader to Visit US under Biden Admin

  • Japan Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga will visit the United States in April, becoming the first leader of a foreign nation to hold a face-to-face meeting with President Joe Biden since he took office in January.
  • The dates and other details of the first visit of the foreign leader under the Biden Administration are still being worked out.
  • While the White House did not provide any specific date about Suga's visit to the US, various reports have mentioned that the visit will be in April and after he and his entourage complete their COVID-19 vaccinations.

UN Asks Somalia to Organise Elections

  • The U.N. Security Council urged Somalia's government to organise elections without delay in a resolution that stressed the pressing threat to the country's security from al-Shabab and armed opposition groups.
  • The resolution, which was adopted unanimously, authorised the African Union to maintain its nearly 20,000-strong force in Somalia until the end of the year with a mandate to reduce the threat from the extremist groups to enable a stable, federal, sovereign and united Somalia. The U.N.'s most powerful body said its objective is to transfer security to Somali authorities, with the aim of Somalia taking the lead in 2021, and achieving full responsibility by the end of 2023.
  • The resolution's adoption came amid growing pressure on Somalia's President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed after scheduled elections on the 8th of last month failed to take place because of the lack of agreement on how the vote should be carried out.
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ENVIRONMENT

Climate Change: 'Forever Plant' Sea grass Faces Uncertain Future

  • The green, underwater meadows of Posidonia seagrass that surround the Balearic Islands are one of the world's most powerful, natural defences against climate change.
  • A hectare of this ancient, delicate plant can soak up 15 times more carbon dioxide every year than a similar sized piece of the Amazon rainforest.
  • But this global treasure is now under extreme pressure from tourists, from development and ironically from climate change.
  • Posidonia oceanica is found all over the Mediterranean but the area between Mallorca and Formentera is of special interest, having been designated a world heritage site by UNESCO over 20 years ago.
  • Here you'll find around 55,000 hectares of the plant, which helps prevent coastal erosion, acts as a nursery for fish, but also plays a globally significant role in soaking up CO2.
  • These seagrass meadows are the champion of carbon sequestration for the biosphere.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

SPIC Thoothukudi Plant Starts Receiving Natural Gas from ONGC Facility

  • Fertilizer-maker Southern Petrochemicals Industries Corporation Ltd (SPIC) started taking delivery of natural gas directly from ONGC's facility, through Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL's) recently inaugurated Ramanathapuram-Thoothukudi natural gas pipeline, at its Thoothukudi factory in Tamil Nadu.
  • The natural gas will be transported from the gas fields of ONGC in Ramanathapuram to the company's plant in Thoothukudi.
  • SPIC is one of the anchor customers to benefit from this pipeline. In the first phase, natural gas will be made available directly to SPIC's plant as feedstock and fuel, transported from ONGC's gas wells through the IOC pipeline.
  • In the second phase, IOC will also supplement the supply of natural gas from its LNG facility in Enmore, near Chennai.

Finmin Asks SEBI to Make Greater Disclosure

  • The Finance Ministry has suggested several changes in the Securities and Exchange Board of India's (SEBI's) annual report format seeking "true and full account of its activities", policies and programmes of the whole year. The new format demands greater disclosure and in-depth analysis of each segment ranging from corporate governance to regulatory action taken by the market regulator.
  • Under the new format, SEBI's annual report will now include the regulator's source of funds and major area of expenditure; greater disclosure in terms of corporate governance and corporate restructuring for instance details of merger and acquisition deals, regulatory action taken by the regulator for enhancing transparency and improving governance, open offers, issuance of observations on offer documents, details of listed companies being wound up, details of defaulter companies, regulatory coordination with Ministry of Corporate Affairs and consequent steps taken by them.

BNP Paribas Cardif Offloads 5% in SBI Life

  • BNP Paribas Cardif, the French insurer, has sold a 5 per cent stake, or a little over 50 million shares, in private sector life insurer SBI Life for Rs. 4,556.7 crore at Rs. 911 a share in an open market sale.
  • With this, the shareholding of the French insurer has come down to 0.2 per cent in SBI Life.
  • Before the sale of shares, BNP Paribas Cardif held 5.2 per cent stake in SBI Life, with the country's largest lender State Bank of India (SBI), the promoter of the company, holding more than 55 per cent stake. Among the buyers, the government of Singapore bought 1.68 per cent stake for Rs. 1,533.5 crore at Rs. 915 a share. And, BNP Paribas Arbitrage bought 0.9 per cent for Rs. 820 crore at Rs. 910 per share.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ISRO Launches Rocket to Study Attitudinal Variations

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched a sounding rocket to study attitudinal variations in the neutral winds and plasma dynamics from Sriharikota spaceport.
  • ISRO has developed a series of sounding rockets called Rohini series, important among them being RH-200, RH-300 and RH-560, number in the name indicating the diameter of the rocket in mm, according to the Bengaluru-headquartered space agency.
  • Sounding rockets are one or two stage solid propellant rockets used for probing the upper atmospheric regions and for space research.

World's Most Powerful Supercomputer Fugaku is Ready for Use

  • The Japanese scientific research institute called RIKEN and Fujitsu started developing the "Fugaku" six years ago. It is the world's most powerful supercomputers. Fugaku has been named after an alternative name for Mount Fuji. Now, this supercomputer is fully ready and developed in Japan and is now available for research use. This supercomputer has been developed with the aim of making the device core of the computing infrastructure of Japan.
  • The supercomputer was tested for the particular projects in order to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020.
  • Now the Fugaku is fully open and available for shared use. The Research Organization for the Information Science and Technology (RIST) of Japan has selected some 74 projects which will use this supercomputer in the financial year 2021.
  • RIST has also proposed for the development of the new projects in several categories and has invited the researchers who are interested to apply for the same.

Scientists Unlock Mysteries of World's Oldest Computer

  • A 2,000-year-old device often referred to as the world's oldest "computer" has been recreated by scientists trying to understand how it worked.
  • The Antikythera Mechanism has baffled experts since it was found on a Roman-era shipwreck in Greece in 1901.
  • The hand-powered Ancient Greek device is thought to have been used to predict eclipses and other astronomical events.
  • But only a third of the device survived, leaving researchers pondering how it worked and what it looked like.
  • The back of the mechanism was solved by earlier studies, but the nature of its complex gearing system at the front has remained a mystery.
  • Scientists from University College London (UCL) believe they have finally cracked the puzzle using 3D computer modelling. They have recreated the entire front panel, and now hope to build a full-scale replica of the Antikythera using modern materials.
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SPORTS

Bhavani Devi First Indian Fencer to Qualify for Olympics

  • Tamil Nadu's CA Bhavani Devi has become the first-ever Indian fencer to qualify for the Olympic Games.
  • The sabre fencer secured a spot in the World Cup in Hungary after the hosts lost in the quarter finals of the team event, allowing South Korea to progress to the semifinal.
  • This enabled Bhavani Devi to qualify for the Olympics through the Adjusted Official Ranking (AOR) Method, due to her world ranking.
  • In the 2010 Asian Championship in the Philippines, she bagged a bronze medal.
  • Her first international gold medal came in Tuscany Cup in Italy in 2014.
  • Bhavani became the first Indian to win a gold medal at the senior Commonwealth Fencing Championship, in Canberra, in 2018.
View Month Wise

NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Haryana Govt. Presents Rs. 1.55 Trillion Budget

  • The Haryana government presented a Rs. 1.55-trn Budget for the 2021-22 fiscal year, with health, agriculture, and infrastructure identified as key priority areas. Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar who also holds the finance department portfolio, presented his second Budget in the State Assembly.
  • Presenting the paperless Budget, Khattar proposed no fresh tax. He proposed a budget of Rs. 1.55 trillion for FY22, an increase of 13 per cent over FY21 of Rs 1.38 trillion. The Budget outlay comprises 25 per cent as capital expenditure of Rs. 38,718 crore and 75 per cent as revenue expenditure of Rs. 1.17 crore. Khattar proposed to raise the Old Age pension to Rs. 2,500 per month from April 1 of this year from present Rs. 2,250.

Panel for Air Quality Management Shuts Down

  • The central government's Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas has been shut down within five months of its constitution.
  • The commission, which was established by the Centre in October last year, has shut down as the ordinance under which it was set up has lapsed.
  • Union Environment Secretary R P Gupta said that since the ordinance was not introduced in Parliament within six weeks of its convention, it has lapsed and consequently, the commission also stands shut.
  • The ordinance never became an Act. Any ordinance has to be introduced within six weeks of the convening of Parliament. It did not happen, so the ordinance has lapsed and hence, the commission is dissolved.

Jaishankar Discusses Bilateral Cooperation with Syrian Foreign Minister

  • External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar discussed bilateral cooperation with his Syrian counterpart Dr. Fayssal Mekdad.
  • India has taken steps to strengthen food security in Syria and had gifted 2000 MT of rice last month.
  • The two countries have historically enjoyed close and friendly relations.
  • India has always stood in solidarity with the people of Syria and the bilateral engagement has continued apace even during the years of internal conflict there through a number of development and capacity building projects.
View Month Wise

DEFENCE

Quad Member Countries to be Part of France-led Joint Naval Exercises

  • India will be part of France-led exercises "La Pérouse" that will take place in early April this year in the Bay of Bengal. With the Indian Navy's addition, all Quad member countries - US, Japan, and Australia will be part of France initiated joint naval exercise. 
  • France initiated the joint naval exercise "La Pérouse" in 2019 and that time had included US, Japanese, and Australian forces. The exercises have been named after La Pérouse a French naval officer and explorer from in 18th century. 

US is World's Top Weapons Supplier, Saudi Arabia Top Importer

  • According Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, more than a third of the global arms sold worldwide during the past five years originated in the United States, underscoring its role as the world's top weapons seller.
  • The US accounted for 37 per cent of global arms sales during the 2016-2020 period, and sold arms to 96 countries. Half of its sales went to the Middle East.
  • Russia was the world's second-largest exporter, followed by France Germany and China, respectively.
  • Saudi Arabia was the world's largest arms importer during the period, accounting for 11 per cent of global imports.
  • Other top importers were India, Egypt, Australia, and China.
View Month Wise

PERSONS IN NEWS

Gautam Adani World's Biggest Wealth Gainer in 2021

  • As per the latest Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Adani Group Chairman Gautam Adani has achieved a remarkable milestone amid the Covid-19 pandemic, as he added the highest wealth to his fortune in the world.
  • The Bloomberg Billionaires Index showed that so far in 2021, Adani has added $16.2 billion, taking his total net worth to $50 billion. With this surge in his wealth, Adani is now the 26th richest person in the world.
  • He even beat two of the world's richest individuals, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk, in terms of wealth generation this year. While Musk has added $10.3 billion to his net worth so far, Bezos has seen a downturn of 7.59 billion.

Deepak Mishra New Director of ICRIER

  • Deepak Mishra, Practice Manager in the World Bank's Macroeconomics, Trade, and Investment Global Practice, has been appointed as the next director and chief executive of the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER).
  • He will take the charge from Rajat Kathuria who has been the director and chief executive of ICRIER since 1st September 2012.
  • Mishra has held various positions at the World Bank, including co-director of the World Development Report 2016 (Digital Dividends), country economist for Ethiopia, Pakistan, Sudan, and Vietnam.

Justice Indu Malhotra Ends Tenure in SC

  • Justice Indu Malhotra, the first woman judge to be appointed to the Supreme Court Bench directly from the Bar, completed her last working day, virtually hearing cases alongside Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sharad A. Bobde.
  • Justice Malhotra was on the Constitution Bench that unanimously decriminalised homosexuality between adults.
  • She is known for her lone dissenting opinion in the Sabarimala judgment. She held that the prohibition on the entry of women of certain age into the temple was in vogue for time immemorial and qualified to be an "essential practice". Furthermore, she cautioned judges against imposing their personal views, morality or rationality with respect to the form of worship of a deity.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Consumer Rights Day

  • World Consumer Rights Day is observed every year on March 15. The day is marked for raising global awareness about consumer rights and needs so as to enable the consumer to fight against social injustices.
  • World Consumer Rights Day was inspired by President John F. Kennedy, who sent a special message to the US Congress on 15th March 1962, in which he formally addressed the issue of consumer rights. He was the first world leader to do so. The consumer movement first marked that date in 1983 and now uses the day every year to mobilise action on important issues and campaigns.
  • Each year, World Consumer Rights Day adopts a theme to highlight. This year the theme promoted is "Tackle Plastic Pollution."

IIT Gandhinagar to Celebrate Brain Awareness Week 2021

  • The Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar (IITGN) is celebrating the virtual edition of the Brain Awareness Week from March 15 to 21, 2021. The event includes a variety of talks, panel discussions, workshops, and competitions targeted at a diverse audience ranging from core neuroscience researchers to high school students.
  • Scholars and practitioners of cognitive and brain sciences from some of the most prestigious institutions from India and abroad will be a part of IIT Gandhinagar's Brain Awareness Week 2021 this year.
  • Brain Awareness Week is an annual event celebrated across the world to inform and educate people about the many wonders of the brain in order to generate excitement amongst youngsters to pursue research in Brain Sciences.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Sahitya Akademi Award 2020

  • In the "Poetry Category" the award was bestowed upon Harish Meenakshi (Gujarati), RS Bhaskar (Konkani), Anamika (Hindi), Irungbam Deven (Manipuri), Nikhileshwar (Telugu) and Rupchand Hansda (Santali). In the "Novel Category" Imaiyam (Tamil), Nanda Khare (Marathi), Mahesh Chandra Sharma Gautam (Sanskrit), and Sri Hussain-ul-Haque have been named as winner. While, Apurba Kumar Saikia (Assamese), Hiday Koul Bharti (Kashmiri), Dharanidhar Owari (Bodo), Gurdev Singh Rupana (Punjab) and Kamakant Jha (Maithili) have won the award for short stories.
  • These books were selected following the recommendations made by a jury of three members of the concerned languages. They made their final decision in accordance with the procedure which was set down for this purpose. Under it, the Executive Board declared the Awards based on unanimous selections made by jurors or selection made in accordance with the majority vote.
  • The National Academy of Letters has announced the names for the "Sahitya Akademi Award 2020. The names were announced during the opening of the annual "Festival of Letters" event.
  • The award will be bestowed upon the politician-writer M. Veerappa Moily, poet Arundhathi Subramaniam along with other 20 writers. Subramaniam have won the award for her poetry collection called "When God is a Traveller" in English. Veerappa Moily has been named for his epic poetry called "Sri Bahubali Ahimsa Digvijayam" in Kannada language. The list comprises seven books of poetry, five short stories, four novels, two plays, and one memoir and one epic poetry in 20 Indian languages. The awards for Nepali, Malayalam, Odia and Rajasthani Languages will be announced later.


Grammy Awards 2021

  • Burna Boy won the Best Global Music Album category while Wizkid won the Best Music Video for his song with Beyoncé; Brown Skin Girl, from Lion King: The Gift album.
  • Beyoncé's daughter Blue Ivy was also a winner on the song.
  • The Best Music Video award is given to the artist, video director and video producer.
  • Burna Boy, real name Damini Ogulu, a nominee for a second consecutive year, won with his Twice As Tall album.
  • The 63rd Grammy Awards was held in Los Angeles. Traditionally billed as "music's biggest night", this year's ceremony was different because of the coronavirus pandemic.
  • There was no audience, and performers were separated onto five stages, arranged in a circle inside the Los Angeles Convention Center to maintain social distancing.
View Month Wise

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND SCHEMES

Government Launches 'Mera Ration' App

  • Union Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution launched "Mera Ration" Mobile App for those ration cardholders who migrate to new places in search of livelihood.
  • Currently, 32 States and Union Territories are covered under One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) and the remaining four States and UTs are expected to be integrated into the scheme in the next few months.
  • The One Nation One Ration Card system covers almost 69 crore National Food Security Act (NFSA) beneficiaries in the country. The scheme has proven to be of tremendous value-added service to each NFSA beneficiary during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially migrants, as it allowed them to avail the benefit of subsidised food grains.

Jharkhand Approved to Reserve 75 per cent of Jobs

  • The Jharkhand cabinet has approved the employment policy of mandating the private sector units to reserve 75 per cent of jobs, with the salary up to Rs. 30,000 per month, for local people. Before Jharkhand, Haryana government had also approved a similar policy.
  • This new policy mandating 75% reservation will be announced by the Chief Minister Hemant Soren in the Assembly session. This decision was taken by CM after he visited Delhi to discuss the draft Jharkhand Industrial & Investment Promotion Policy, 2021.
  • The unemployment rate in the Jharkhand had gradually fell to 11.3 per cent in the month of January 2021. The economic survey report also states that, the unemployment rate was increased to 59.2% in the month of May 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic cases were at the peak. The unemployment rate was 10.6% in the month of January 2020. 
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Tata Motors Launches 'Wheels of Love'

  • Tata Motors launched 'Wheels of Love', a holistic programme that supports new parents in the workforce.
  • This is a move to promote a progressive culture of care, inclusion and sensitisation within the organisation across levels. A specially curated book, also aptly titled, Wheels of Love, puts forth various beliefs to enable new and expectant parents to successfully manage the needs of a growing family while also fulfilling their career goals.
  • This guide book also provides valuable insights for managers to support their team members as they progress through the various stages of parenthood. 

UK's New Student Exchange Scheme

  • Schools, colleges and universities from across the UK can now apply for government funding from a 110-million pound to enable students to study and work across the globe, including in India, as part of the new Turing Scheme.
  • Named after celebrated English mathematician and code breaker Alan Turing, the new scheme marks a major post-Brexit move as it replaces the European Union (EU) specific student exchange programme called Erasmus, as a means to widen the network of students travelling to study abroad.
  • The Department for Education (DfE) confirmed that India, already a top source of international students to the UK, may well be among the leading list of countries with which UK universities seek to strike student exchange projects.
  • "The Turing Scheme is a truly global programme with every country in the world eligible to partner with UK universities, schools and colleges.

Maths, Physics, Chemistry not Compulsory for Engineering Admissions

  • In a major change in the eligibility criteria for engineering courses, the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the technical education regulator, has made Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) optional for students who wish to pursue technical courses like biotechnology, textile or agriculture engineering at the undergraduate level. However, PCM remains mandatory for most engineering subjects like computer science.
  • In a virtual release of the handbook, AICTE chairperson Anil Sahasrabudhe said that the revised regulation is in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) vision that encourages flexibility in the choice of subjects. "In 2010, AICTE made only physics and maths mandatory for nearly seven to eight subjects. We have been facing challenges as new disciplines have emerged where many students questioned why they have to study chemistry when they don't use it in their entire career. Similarly, many students demanded to study biology as they need to pursue biotechnology. Therefore, we are creating a new window for students who have either not taken maths or physics or chemistry but can enter into engineering," Sahasrabudhe said.
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