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General Awareness

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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

15 Jul 2020

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Trump Signs into Law Hong Kong Autonomy Act

  • US President Donald Trump signed into law the Hong Kong Autonomy Act and also signed an executive order ending US preferential treatment for Hong Kong.
  • The Hong Kong Autonomy Act was passed unanimously by the Congress. The law gives his administration powerful new tools to hold responsible the individuals in the entities involved in extinguishing Hong Kong's freedom.
  • Now, Hong Kong will now be treated the same as in mainland China. No special privileges, no special economic treatment and no export of sensitive technologies. In addition to that, as you know, we are placing massive tariffs and have placed very large tariffs on China. The first time this has ever happened to China, billions of dollars have been paid to the US, of which I have given quite a bit to the farmers and ranchers of our country because they were targeted, and that has been going on for three years.

US Carries out First Federal Execution in Nearly 2 Decades

  • The US government carried out the first federal execution in almost two decades, putting to death a man who killed an Arkansas family in a 1990s in a plot to build a whites-only nation in the Pacific Northwest.
  • The execution came over the objection of the victims' family.
  • Daniel Lewis Lee died by lethal injection at the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana.
  • The decision to move forward with the execution—the first by the Bureau of Prisons since 2003 -- drew scrutiny from civil rights groups and the relatives of Lee's victims, who had sued to try to halt it, citing concerns about the coronavirus pandemic.
  • The decision to move forward with the execution—and two others scheduled later in the week—during a global health pandemic that has killed more than 135,000 people in the United States and is ravaging prisons nationwide, drew scrutiny from civil rights groups as well as family of Lee's victims.

Merkel Declines to Endorse Bavarian Premier Markus Soeder as Successor

  • Angela Merkel, asked if she thought Bavarian Premier Markus Soeder was a strong candidate to succeed her as German chancellor, declined to comment directly, saying only that Bavaria is a good leader.
  • Soeder and Markus Laschet, premier of North Rhine-Westphalia, are seen as leading candidates for the conservative chancellor ticket.
  • Merkel's visit was widely presented as a symbolic coronation of Soeder, but Merkel said she would accept invitations from other state premiers.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Gadkari Inaugurates, Lays Foundation Stone for 11 National Highway Projects in Haryana

  • Union Minister Nitin Gadkari inaugurated and laid foundation stone for 11 national highway projects worth Rs. 20,000 crore in Haryana as part of the new economic corridor.
  • In the 'new economic corridor', more than Rs. 20,000 crore will be invested to ensure smooth connectivity from Haryana to other states, including Punjab, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.

BSE Signs MoU with IIT Alumni Council

  • The BSE signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with IIT Alumni Council to encourage listing culture for start-ups and develop a high investor depth start-ups platform.
  • The newly-formed partnership will ensure a complete end-to-end ecosystem for the proposed social stock exchange.
  • It will also look at revitalising the Startup platform by attracting a wide range of VC/PE funds to act as underwriters and market makers (backed by the BSE members in the frontend).
  • The alliance will help reduce listing time, complexity and cost for SMEs and start-ups by streamlining, automating and standardising the documentation processes.
  • Besides, category 1 merchant banks will be empaneled to help automate the listing process so as to reduce time and cost of listing on the Startup Platform of the Exchange.
  • IIT Alumni Council is the body of alumni, students and faculty across all the 23 IITs with over 100 city chapters globally.

Ministry of Shipping Approves Rs. 107 crore for Modern Firefighting Facilities in Haldia Dock

  • Mansukh Laxmanbhai Mandaviya, Union Minister of Shipping approved Rs. 107 crore to improve the firefighting facilities on five jetties of Haldia Dock Complex of Kolkata Port. The modern firefighting facilities will enable safe and secure handling of petrochemical goods in the Haldia Dock Complex.
  • The current facility does not ensure the safety in handling the Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and other petroleum products according to the guidelines of the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
  • The LPG and Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargo at the Haldia dock is expected to increase in the future, prioritising the safety and security of the cargo operation in the major.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

New Physical Paradox Discovered by Russian Scientists: "Ballistic Resonance"

  • Researchers from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) discovered and theoretically explained a new physical effect: amplitude of mechanical vibrations can grow without external influence. Additionally, the scientific group offered their explanation on how to eliminate the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou paradox.
  • The scientists of SPbPU explained it using a simple example: to rock the swing, you have to keep pushing it. It is generally believed that it is impossible to achieve oscillatory resonance without constant external influence.
  • However, the scientific group of the Higher School of Theoretical Mechanics, Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics SPbPU discovered a new physical phenomenon of "ballistic resonance," where mechanical oscillations can be excited only due to internal thermal resources of the system.
  • The experimental work of researchers from all around the world demonstrated, that the heat spreads at abnormally high speeds at nano and micro levels in ultrapure crystalline materials. This phenomenon was called ballistic heat conductivity.
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SPORTS

SportsAdda Signs Brett Lee as Brand Ambassador

  • SportsAdda – Indian news and information website for cricket, football, and kabaddi, signed former Australian fast bowler Brett Lee, as its brand ambassador.
  • As ambassador, Lee will be conducting a host of fun activities including contests, quizzes, Q&As, bowling master classes, and giveaways that will feature exclusively on the SportsAdda app, website, and social handles.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Sachin Pilot Sacked as Rajasthan Deputy CM, State Congress President

  • The Congress sacked Sachin Pilot as the Rajasthan Deputy Chief Minister and the state party chief. Along with Pilot, two other Rajasthan ministers who had revolted against Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot and supported Pilot have also been fired from the cabinet.
  • The decision to sack Pilot was announced by Congress spokesperson Randeep Surjeawal during a press conference. The Congress decided to show the door to Tonk MLA after he skipped a second meeting of Congress Legislative Party in Jaipur.
  • Former president of Sikar Congress Govind Singh Dotasra was appointed as the new chief of Rajasthan Congress. Dotasra is also a Minister of State in CM Gehlot's cabinet. Young MLA Ganesh Gogra has been appointed as the new president of Youth Congress.

Guidelines to States, UTs Regarding Education of Migrant Workers' Children

  • The HRD Ministry issued guidelines to states and union territories regarding education of migrant workers' children who have returned home during the COVID-19 pandemic, asking them to ensure that their names are not struck off the school rolls.
  • According to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), the states have been asked to prepare a database of children who have left the local area for their homes in other states or other parts of the same state. Such children should be noted in the database as migrated or temporarily unavailable.
  • The ministry has suggested the state government may direct all schools to give admission to any child who has recently returned to village without asking for any other documents, except for some identity proof.

UNICEF, India Joins Hands with FICCI to Initiate "#Reimagine Campaign"

  • United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) India joined hands with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry's (FICCI) to initiate UNICEF's "#Reimagine Campaign" for the support of most vulnerable populations and children during the ongoing COVID-19 response and its aftermath in India. Their action plan will be based on the document that is being developed jointly by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and UNICEF for governments and businesses on the measures they can take to support the post-pandemic recovery.
  • Ogilvy, a New York (United States) based advertising agency is offering free of charge support in developing the creative narrative for the campaign.
  • FICCI-Socio Economic Development Foundation (SEDF) will reach out to its membership base to garner support for the campaign and leverage its resources like cash and core assets to mobilise funds.
  • The partnership will also help to avoid potential long-term damage to business operations and employment pipelines, and their most important resource, their personnel, their children and their families.
View Month Wise

DEFENCE

New Israeli Assault Rifles Set to Manufacture in India under Make in India Initiative

  • The latest Israeli Assault Rifles, Arad and Carmel, will be manufactured under the Make in India initiative in the PLR Systems Private Limited, established by Israel Weapons Industries (IWI) in 2017 as a joint venture with Punj Lloyd in Madhya Pradesh, India.
  • ARAD is a lightweight modular assault rifle with two variants: 5.56X45 mm and 300 AAC Blackout.
  • The ARAD AR is designed based on the requirements of the Specialist units and infantry forces with enhanced operational flexibility.
  • PLS Systems is the first private sector company that has a license for manufacturing Small Arms like the Tavor series, Galil sniper rifle, Uzi Pro submachine gun, Masada pistol and the Negev Light Machine Gun (LMG) and Ammunition.
  • Fouraces System India Private Limited bought the company from Punj Lloyd.
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Chandrasekaran and Taiclet to Receive USIBC Global Leadership Award

  • Business advocacy group USIBC said that Tata group Chairman N. Chandrasekaran and Lockheed Martin CEO Jim Taiclet will receive the USIBC Global Leadership Award this year (2020). "Every year, the USIBC Global Leadership Awards are conferred upon executives in recognition of outstanding leadership and for promoting Indo-US trade and business.
  • The earlier receivers of this award include Google CEO Sundar Pichai, Google CEO Adena Friedman, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, and Sun Pharmaceuticals Founder and Managing Director Dilip Shanghvi.

Ashok Kumar, Honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award of Mohun Bagan Football Club

  • Legendary Hockey Player Ashok Kumar, key player of the 1975 World Cup winning Indian Hockey team was honoured with the Lifetime achievement award by the city football club – Mohun Bagan Athletic Club on its foundation day over a virtual ceremony.
  • Ashok Kumar is the son of Hockey wizard Dhyan Chand.
  • He represented Bengal in the late 1960 and was later selected to the Indian Hockey team.
  • He won silver medals in the three consecutive Asian Games of 1970, 1974 and 1978.
  • He won the bronze medal in the Munich Olympic Games in 1972.
View Month Wise

GENDER/ HEALTH/ EDUCATION

Transgenders Get Right to Self-perceived Identity as Centre Notifies Rules to TG Act

  • Transgenders would now have the right to self-perceived identity and get an identity certificate from the district magistrate within 30 days of application.
  • Seven months after Parliament passed the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, the Centre has notified the rules to operationalise the legislation. Under the rules, every establishment – private or government – would mandatorily formulate an Equal Opportunity Policy to ensure there is no discrimination against transgenders in employment, promotion and provision of basic amenities like unisex toilets at workplace. This policy would be displayed on the website of the establishment and widely circulated to educate employees.
  • The Centre and state governments would bring about changes in educational curriculum to foster respect for gender diversity, sensitise healthcare professionals and bring changes in medical education curriculum. The rules also lay down that every educational institution would have a committee which a transgender person can approach in case of any harassment or discrimination. The rules prescribe that this committee would ensure a safe environment so that transgender students or teachers can air their grievances without the presence of the persons bullying them, including teachers.

Tripura to Reduce TBSE Syllabus by 30 per cent

  • In an effort to manage crises in school-work due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Tripura Board of Secondary Education (TBSE) has decided to reduce the syllabus for the ongoing academic year.
  • TBSE decided to reduce the syllabus by 30 per cent to help students cope with their studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. TBSE shall conduct meetings with subject expert committees to decide the formula it reducing syllabi.
  • While the CBSE has reduced the syllabus by deleting certain units from selected chapters, TBSE is likely to delete entire chapters altogether, depending on whether they are preliminary or complex.
View Month Wise

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

A New Book Titled" If It Bleeds" by Stephen King in India

  • A new book titled "If It Bleeds", a collection of four stories, authored by Stephen King was released in India. The book published by Hachette India has centered on a bomb at Albert Macready Middle School. It is a sequel to his bestselling work, The Outsider.
  • King is one of the most distinguished contemporary authors. He has been the recipient of the 2014 National Medal of Arts. He was also awarded with the 2003 National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. He was in the news recently for voicing his support for the transgender community.
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