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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

08 May 2020

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Largest Number of Children Displaced in 2019: UNICEF

  • More than five million people were internally displaced in India due to natural disasters, conflict and violence in 2019, constituting the highest number of new internal displacements in the world during the period followed by the Philippines, Bangladesh and China, according to a UN report.
  • The 'Lost at Home' report, published by the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), said that almost 33 million new displacements were recorded in 2019 – around 25 million were due to natural disasters and 8.5 million as consequence of conflict and violence.
  • Of these, there were 12 million new displacements involving children, including around 3.8 million of them caused by conflict and violence, and 8.2 million due to disasters linked mostly to weather-related events.

Irans Parliament Introduces New Currency, Toman, to Tackle Inflation

  • The Iranian Parliament has announced the decision to replace its currency "Rial" with another basic unit of currency called the "Toman."
  • Each toman will be worth 10,000 rials under the new system. The move aims to ease the psychological impact of soaring consumer prices on a population that has endured high inflation for decades and grappled the number of zeros in government figures. 
  • The move by the Iranian government aims to simplify financial transactions. Once the law is ratified, the Central Bank of Iran will have two years to implement the change. The rial and the new currency is expected to overlap for between two to five years in the market. The new system was authorized to manage high inflation in the country.

New Iraq Prime Minister after Five Months of Deadlock

  • Iraq's parliament has approved a new government, ending months of deadlock as the country battles an economic crisis and the coronavirus pandemic.
  • Former intelligence chief Mustafa al-Kadhimi, the third man to be nominated to replace Adel Abdul Mahdi since November, 2019 was sworn in as prime minister.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

JNCASR Scientists Fabricate Energy-Efficient Photodetector for Security Application

  • Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology, have fabricated an economical and energy-efficient wafer-scale photodetector (thin slice-based) using gold – silicon interface, for security applications.It could help detect weak scattered light as an indication of unwanted activity.
  • Photodetectors are the heart of any optoelectronic circuit that can detect light and are employed for a wide variety of applications ranging from controlling automatic lighting in supermarkets to detecting radiation from outer galaxy as well as security-related applications.
  • However, the material cost and the intricate fabrication processes involved in realizing high-performance detectors make them unaffordable for day to day applications.
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SPORTS

Magnus Carlsen Wins $70,000

  • World champion Magnus Carlsen has won the richest online chess tournament in history, bagging the history-making $70,000 winner's prize.
  • Appropriately enough, the Norwegian grandmaster conquered American Hikaru Nakamura in the final of the Magnus Carlsen Invitational, his namesake event.
  • With a total prize fund of $250,000, the tournament is the most lucrative online chess tournament in history and was organized by Carlsen to fill the void of live, over-the-board chess.
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Rajnath Singh Inaugurates Kailash Mansarovar Road

  • Union defence minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated 75-km long Kailash Mansarovar road link in Uttarakhand's Pithoragarh through video-conferencing.
  • With this move, the Indian security post at Indo-China border in Vyans valley of Pithoragarh district is now connected with the rest of the country via a 75.54 km long road from Ghatibagar in Dharchula to Lipulekh near the border with China.

PM Narendra Modi Pays Tributes to Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore on His Jayanti

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May 8, 2020 recalled Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore's role in the freedom struggle on his 159th birth anniversary.
  • Rabindranath Tagore Jayanti  is celebrated on the 25th day of the Bengali month of Boishakh.
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DEFENCE

World Athletics Day is Celebrated on 7 May

  • The World Athletics Day was introduced by the IAAF to increase awareness about athletics and to encourage the youth to take up sports.
  • Although this day is celebrated in the month of May every year, in 2020, the IAAF marked May 7 as the World Athletics Day.

Rajnath Singh Approves Abolition of 9,304 Posts in Military Engineer Services

  • More than 9,300 posts in the Military Engineer Services (MES) are set to be abolished, after defence minister Rajnath Singh approved a proposal made by the army's Engineer-in-Chief. The MES is a construction and maintenance agency of the armed forces and has annual budget of around Rs 13,000 crore.
  • The abolition of the posts is one of the direct outcomes of the recommendations made by the Lt Gen DB Shekatkar committee report on enhancing the army's combat potential and trimming its revenue expenditure.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

UNEP extends Actress Dia Mirzas term as Goodwill Ambassador

  • The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) extended environmentalist and actor-producer Dia Mirza's term as its National Goodwill Ambassador for another two years till the end of 2022.
  • Dia is also a United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Advocate.
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DAYS AND EVENTS

World Red Cross Day is Observed on 8 May

  • World Red Cross Day is celebrated on May 8 every year.
  • This date marks the birth anniversary of Henry Dunant, who is the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
  • He is also the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He was born on 8 May 1828.

World Thalassaemia Day is Observed on 8 May

  • World Thalassaemia Day 2020 was observed on 8 May to raise awareness about thalassaemia disease, its preventive measures and to avoid transmission among the people throughout the world. 
  • World Thalassaemia Day theme 2020 was ''The dawning of a new era for thalassaemia: Time for a global effort to make novel therapies accessible and affordable to patients".

Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Victims of WWII is Observed on 8-9 May

  • The United Nations (UN) has a two-day global observance that occurs on May 8 and 9 each year. It is known as the "Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War".
  • Many memorials are dedicated to those who sacrificed their lives during World War II.
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ART AND CULTURE

Vesak Day 2020 Observed Globally on 7 May

  • Vesak Day 2020 was observed globally on 7 May. Vesak, the Day of Full Moon is the most sacred day to the Buddhists all over the world. On this day, Lord Gautham Buddha attained enlightenment. The Day is commemorated by the United Nations every year.
  • The Day is being celebrated by the United Nations since 2000. The resolution to celebrate the day was passed in 1999. Since 2004, International Vesak Summit is being organized. In 2019, it was held in Vietnam. So far, the summit has been held 11 times in Thailand, 3 times in Vietnam and 1 time in Sri Lanka.

Buddha Purnima 2020

  • Buddha Purnima is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of Lord Gautam Buddha, who was the founder of world's fourth-largest religion Buddhism.
  • Lord Buddha founded Buddhism around 2,500 years back in India. According to the Hindu calendar, the first full moon day of the Vaisakha month is celebrated as the birth anniversary of Lord Gautam Buddha across the world.
  • This year (2020), Lord Buddha's birth anniversary was celebrated on May 7. It is believed that on this day Lord Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha Gautam in Lumbini (modern day Nepal).
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