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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

26 Jan 2019

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

US Govt Prepares Draft for Emergency Order

  • The White House is preparing a draft proclamation for US President Donald Trump to declare a national emergency along the Mexico border and has identified more than $7 billion in potential funds for his border wall should he go that route, according to internal documents.
  • Trump has not ruled out using his authority to declare a national emergency and direct the defence department to construct a border wall as Congress and the White House were still at an impasse over a deal to end the government shutdown.
  • But while Trump's advisers remain divided on the issue, the White House has been moving forward with alternative plans that would end up bypassing Congress.
  • If the declaration is made, the US Army Corps of Engineers would be deployed to construct the wall, some of which could be built on private property and would therefore require the administration to seize the land, which is permitted if it's for public use.
  • According to options being considered, the administration could pull $681 million from Treasury forfeiture funds, $3.6 billion in military construction, $3 billion in Pentagon civil works funds and $200 million in department of homeland security funds.

Taliban Appoint Co-Founder as Top Negotiator for Peace Talks with US

  •  The Taliban have appointed a co-founder of the movement as the new head of their political office in Doha, where talks have been held with US officials seeking to end 17 years of conflict in Afghanistan.
  • The esteemed Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar has been appointed chief of the political office.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

India and South Africa to Boost Two Decade-old Strategic Partnership

  •  India and South Africa agreed on a three-year programme to boost their two decade-old strategic partnership in key areas such as trade, defence, maritime security and information technology.
  • The "strategic programme of cooperation" was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa after delegation-level talks at Hyderabad House. 
  • The strategic partnership was established in March 1997 and the two countries are key players in the BRICS and IBSA groupings. Bilateral trade was worth more than $10 billion in 2017-18.
  • The two sides signalled their desire to play a greater role in the Indian Ocean, and a joint statement said Modi and Ramaphosa recognised the importance of increased bilateral naval cooperation and closer synergy to ensure unhindered passage for trade by keeping the sea lanes secure against illegal actors.
  • Both sides agreed to explore solutions to boost trade and investment and Ramaphosa agreed to simplify and reform South Africa's business visa regime. They also expressed concern at the slow pace of UN reforms and agreed to work together to secure representation in an expanded Security Council.

SC upholds IBC for Smoother Resolutions

  •  The Supreme Court upheld Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), a law that bars founders of companies that have defaulted on loans from buying back stressed assets, in a ruling that may help the nation more quickly resolve bad debts.
  • The apex court said a provision of the bankruptcy law that prevents founders from regaining control of delinquent companies was legally valid.
  • India has been trying to clean up banks that are suffering from the world's worst bad-loan ratios after Italy, and that have about $210 billion of stressed debt on their balance sheets.
  • The new bankruptcy code was passed in 2016, exciting interest among distressed debt investors around the world as it barred willful defaulters, as well as founders of defaulting companies from submitting revival plans or bids for their failing firms.
  • The ruling upholding that section of the code will make the insolvency process more smooth, according to RK Bansal, chief executive officer (CEO) of Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Co., India's top bad debt buyer.

Renault-Nissan Alliance Gets a Reboot

  •  The strained two-decade marriage of Renault SA and Nissan Motor Co. is about to get a fresh start.
  • Within hours, the two main antagonists in the crisis that's paralyzed the world's biggest automotive alliance have said they're leaving the stage. Carlos Ghosn, 64, resigned as chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Renault more than two months after he was jailed in Japan on allegations of financial misdeeds.
  • In an unexpected twist, Nissan CEO Hiroto Saikawa, a former protege of Ghosn who led the campaign against his former boss, said he too intends to step down.
  • Ghosn's exit, and the prospect that Saikawa could soon hand over the reins, may help remove some of the mistrust that's built up on both sides of the FrancoJapanese alliance.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NASA's Opportunity Rover Completes 15 Years on Mars

  •  NASA's Opportunity rover that went into hibernation after a dust storm swept over the region and blocked sunlight from reaching it, has completed 15 years on the Red Planet.
  • The rover landed in a region called Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004, sending its first signal back to Earth from the surface at 12.05am.
  • The golf-cart-sized rover was designed to travel 1,006 metres and operate on the Red Planet for 90 Martian days (sols). It has travelled over 45 km and logged its 5,000th Martian day last February.
  • Opportunity's last communication with Earth was received June 10, 2018, as a planet-wide dust storm blanketed the solar powered rover's location on the western rim of Perseverance Valley, eventually blocking out so much sunlight that the rover could no longer charge its batteries.
  • Although the storm eventually abated and the skies over Perseverance cleared, the rover has not communicated with Earth since then.
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SPORTS

Stosur-Zhang Clinch Doubles Title

  •  Unseeded pair Samantha Stosur and Zhang Shuai took out the Australian Open women's doubles title to be crowned Grand Slam champions at Melbourne Park for the first time.
  • The Australian-Chinese combination battled past HungarianFrench second seeds Timea Babos and Kristina Mladenovic -- last year's champions -- 6-3, 6-4 on Rod Laver Arena.
  • It was Zhang and Stosur's maiden Slam crown as a team, although Stosur had previously won the 2005 US Open and 2006 French Open in a partnership with Lisa Raymond that earned them 20 titles altogether.
  • En route to the title, Stosur and Zhang knocked out reigning French Open and Wimbledon champions Barbora Krejcikova and Katerina Siniakova. 

Krejcikova, Ram Win Mixed Doubles Title

  •  Third seeds Barbora Krejcikova and Rajeev Ram defeated local favourites Astra Sharma and John-Patrick Smith 7-6(3) 6-1 to win the mixed doubles title at the Australian Open.
  • After edging a tight opening set, the experienced Ram and Krejcikova broke early in the second set and held firm to clinch the contest and deny their unseeded rivals.
  • It was the first taste of Grand Slam success for American Ram while Krejcikova, who won two women's doubles majors with fellow Czech Katerina Siniakova last year, claimed her first mixed doubles Slam trophy.

India Wins over New Zealand in 2nd ODI

  •  A 154-run opening partnership between Shikhar Dhawan and Rohit Sharma set India on course to a 90-run win over New Zealand in the second ODI and a 2-0 lead in the five-match series.
  • Rohit made 87 and Dhawan 66 as India posted 324-4 after winning the toss and opting to bat. New Zealand mustered only 234 from 40.2 overs in reply for their second heavy defeat after losing the first match of the series by eight wickets.
  • While India have solidified their position as one of the favourites to win the 50-over World Cup in England in the middle of the year, New Zealand's high expectations of their own chances have been re-calibrated after two crushing defeats.
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PERSONS IN NEWS

Krishna Sobti Passes Away

  •  The death of Krishna Sobti, who passed away in Delhi after a long illness, has robbed Hindi literature of one of its most glorious and remarkable writers.
  • The author of eight novels, two novellas, a collection of short stories and three volumes of profiles of other writers (the last under the pen name Hashmat), Sobti was born in Gujarat, Pakistan, studied in Delhi and Lahore, and finally moved to India after Partition.
  • Much of her work draws on her life and that of her family. A recent novel, 'Gujarat Pakistan Se Gujarat Hindustan Tak', is set in the post-Partition years and references the time she spent in Rajasthan as governess to the maharaja of Sirohi's son.

Ro Khanna Appointed to Several Key Congressional Committees

  •   Indian-American Democratic Congressman Ro Khanna has been appointed to several key Congressional committees, reflecting his growing stature within the party and the Congress.
  • In the current 116th Congress, Khanna has joined three influential committees - oversight and reform, armed services and budget.
  • The 42-year-old Congressman, who represents Silicon Valley, has also joined the House armed services subcommittees on intelligence and emerging threats, and strategic forces, as well as the oversight subcommittees of government operations and economic policy.
  • The committee on oversight and reform serves as the primary investigative body for the House of Representatives and plays a crucial role in holding the Donald Trump administration accountable for many of the outstanding questions over potential campaign, ethics and constitutional violations.
  • One of the first such investigations will focus on the ongoing issues of security clearance at the White House, a statement issued by the office of Khanna said.
  • The committee also has sweeping jurisdiction in many policy areas.

PIO Becomes First South Asian to Head Congress Panel in US

  •  Raja Krishnamoorthi, a prominent Indian-American Congressman, was named as the chairman of a panel on economic and consumer policy, making him the first ever member of South Asian descent to chair a congressional committee or subcommittee.
  • As chairman of the House Oversight Committee's Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy, Krishnamoorthi, 45, will have jurisdiction over important pocketbook issues such as education, workforce development, income inequality, health care, consumer protection and data privacy. 
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AWARDS AND HONOURS

Bharat Ratna for Ex-Pres Pranab Mukherjee

  •  The Narendra Modi government announced Bharat Ratnas to former President Pranab Mukherjee, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) ideologue the late Nanaji Deshmukh, and decorated singer the late Bhupen Hazarika — the first time in four years that India's highest civilian honour is being bestowed, and months ahead of the 2019 general elections.
  • The awards were announced by the President's office.
  • Mukherjee, 83, a Congressman for five decades before he became President (2012-2017), has held the key portfolios of finance, defence and foreign affairs.
  • Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh, a former Rajya Sabha member who died in 1990, was a social activist who worked in the fields of health care, education and rural affairs, and was a key organiser for the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the predecessor of the BJP, in the 1970s.
  • Hazarika, a singer, songwriter and film-maker, is from Assam and was regarded as one of the most prominent personalities from the north-east until his death in 2011. 

Chhetri among Padma winners

  •  Sunil Chhetri, India's leading scorer in international football with 67 goals, was among the eight sportspersons to be honoured with Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award.
  • Bachendri Pal, first Indian woman to scale Mount Everest in 1984, was honoured with Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award.
  • Among the other sportspersons to be named Padma Shri are: Harika Dronavalli (chess), Gautam Gambhir (cricket), Sharath Kamal (table tennis), L Bombayla Devi (archery), Bajrang Punia (wrestling), Prashanti Singh (basketball), Ajay Thakur (kabaddi).
  • Chhetri recently was India's top performer at the Asian Cup with two goals against Thailand in their first-ever win at the continental event in 54 years.
  • Gambhir, who retired in December last year, was the topscorer for India at the 2007 World T20 final as well as the 2011 World Cup final. On both occasions, India won the trophy.
  • Wrestler Bajrang is a silver medallist at the 2018 World Championships. He also won gold medals at the 2018 Asian Games and Commonwealth Games.
  • Harika is a three-time medallist at the World Chess Championship. Sharath Kamal has been the star of Indian table tennis for the last two decades and has four Commonwealth Games gold medals along with two Asian Games bronze medals.
  • Archer Bombayla Devi has been a regular in the Indian Olympic contingent and has won team gold at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and a team bronze at the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. She also has four World Cup gold in women's recurve team.

AAI Wins Best Performance Award 

  • Airports Authority of India (AAI) was awarded the best performer among Central Public Sector Units based on electronic tendering through Central Public Procurement Portal of NIC, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
  • IN Murthy, Member (Operations), AAI, received the award.
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