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Daily G.K. - Top Stories

11 Dec 2014

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Malala and Kailash Satyarthi Receive Joint Nobel Award

  • Pakistani education activist Malala Yousafzai and Indian child rights campaigner Kailash Satyarthi received the Nobel Peace Prize awards at City Hall in Oslo.
  • Kailash Satyarthi was honoured for his campaign for children’s rights, while Malala is the youngest-ever recipient of a Nobel prize, honoured for campaigning for girls' education despite facing adversities.
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ENVIRONMENT

Satellites to Assess Coral Reef Health

  • High-end satellite technology is coming to the aid of protecting earth’s largest biological structures — the coral reefs which have taken millions of years to form and are declining at alarming rates worldwide.
  • Coral bleaching is one of the main reasons for increased deterioration of reef health. Corals are sensitive to changes in temperature and this aspect has come in handy for scientists to forewarn about the possibility of coral bleaching. 
  •  Scientists at the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) are using satellite technology to glean data on Sea Surface Temperatures (SST). 
  • Exploiting the potential of satellite technology, INCOIS has started the Coral Bleaching Alert System (CBAS) for Indian coral reefs located in Andaman & Nicobar Islands and elsewhere in India.
  • Such continuous monitoring through the advisories issued by INCOIS would enable the authorities to prepare bleaching response plans and also better manage interactions leading to coral bleaching, which in turn will help save precious marine life.
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BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

Nod to Dilute Stake in Public Sector Banks

  • The Union Cabinet gave its approval to allow Public Sector Banks (PSBs) to dilute government holding up to 52 per cent in a phased manner to raise over Rs. 1.68 lakh crore to meet their additional capital requirements under BASEL-III capital adequacy norms.
  • Out of 27 Public Sector Banks (PSBs), Government of India controls 22 through majority holding. In the remaining 5 banks, State Bank of India holds majority stake.
  • However, as Govt. is likely to receive an amount of Rs. 34,500 crore from PSBs as dividend, the net outgo will only be Rs. 44,395 crore.
  • These 27 PSBs control 70 per cent of total branches, deposits and credit in the Indian banking system.
  • Govt. has regularly been infusing incremental capital in PSBs. Basel-III capital adequacy norms will be fully phased in and applicable by March 31, 2019.

Cabinet Approves Insurance Bill

  • The Union Cabinet approved the incorporation of amendments suggested by a Parliamentary select panel in the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2008.
  • The Bill recommends a hike in FDI in insurance sector from 26 to 49 per cent, inclusive of all forms of foreign direct investments and foreign portfolio investments.

Xiaomi Banned from Selling, Importing Phones in India

  • Hearing a case filed by Ericsson India against Xiaomi, the Delhi High Court passed an ex parte order forbidding the popular Chinese manufacturer from importing and selling its smartphones in India.
  • The ex parte injunction order against Xiaomi was for allegedly infringing on Ericsson's Standard Essential Patents (SEPs). 
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

New Battery Generates Power from Waste Heat

  • Researchers have developed a new ammonia—based battery system to convert low—grade waste heat into electricity.
  • Low—grade waste heat is an artifact of many energy—generating methods. In automobiles, waste heat generated in winter is diverted to run the vehicle heating system.
  • Using low-grade waste heat from an outside source, the researchers distill ammonia from the effluent left in the battery anolyte and then recharge it into the original cathode chamber of the battery.
  • The chamber with the ammonia now becomes the anode chamber and copper is re-deposited on the electrode in the other chamber, now the cathode, but formerly the anode.
  • The researchers produced a power density of about 60 watts per square metre over multiple cycles, which is six to 10 times higher than the power density produced by other liquid-based thermal-electric energy conversion systems.

Pill to Curb Obesity a Step Closer

  • Scientists have made a significant start towards creating an obesity pill.
  • A team of researchers from Imperial College London have discovered the exact brain mechanism that drives our appetite for foods rich in glucose and could lead to treatments for obesity.
  • By studying rats, the team identified a mechanism that appears to sense how much glucose is reaching the brain, and prompts animals to seek more if it detects a shortfall. The researchers believe it may play a role in driving our preference for sweet and starchy foods.
  • This is the first time anyone has discovered a system in the brain that responds to a specific nutrient, rather than energy intake in general.
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SPORTS

Cadila Launches First Cheaper Copy of World’s Top-Selling Drug

  • Cadila Healthcare launched the first biosimilar version of anti-inflammatory medicine adalimumab, the world’s top-selling drug, at a fifth of its U.S. price.
  • The drug’s branded version is sold under the name Humira by U.S. firm AbbVie Inc, and costs $1,000 for a vial in the United States.
  • A price of $200 a vial would still keep the drug out of reach for most people in India, where more than 70 per cent of the population lives on less than $2 a day and health insurance is scarce.
  • The company will launch its version under the name Exemptia for treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Nobel prize bought; then returned

  • The richest man of Russia Alisher Usmanov who bought the 1962 Nobel Prize for Psychology or Medicine for 4.8 million US dollars at an auction by Christie’s Auction House, New York, decided to return the same to the man who put it on the block: controversial American geneticist James Watson.
  • "In my opinion, a situation in which an outstanding scientist sells a medal recognizing his achievements is unacceptable," Usmanov said, voicing his satisfaction that "the medal will stay with the person who deserved it."
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

All Web-based Taxi Services Banned in Maharashtra

  • In the wake of the alleged rape of a 27-year-old woman by an Uber cab driver in Delhi, the Maharashtra Government has banned all web-based taxi services in the state.
  • The transport department also warned private taxi aggregators to implement a passenger safety plan by 15 January, 2015.
  • The move comes after the state government received Centre's advice to ban all web-based taxi services.
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