Posted by TCYonline.com on July 6, 2010
The greatest undoing of many CAT aspirants has been the fear of the reading comprehension (RC) section and the consequent inbuilt resistance to RC-based questions. Some test-takers believe, mistakenly though, that RC-based questions are subjective and the right answer could depend upon the opinion of the test-maker, which the test-taker does not necessarily share. Nothing could be farther from truth.
Another misconception is that the online format makes RC more difficult. Some of the fallacious reasons advanced are:
The test-taker can no longer underline important parts of the passage that would have been helpful in locating the correct answer.
Since the passage is displayed on only half of the screen, the test-taker has to scroll up and down a number of times to read the passage.
Since, only one question is available at a time on the other half of the screen, overviewing all the questions becomes time consuming.
Talking of the third fallacy first, let it be known that all the questions are visible on the right half of the screen, while the passage is available on the left. So, the passage and the questions can be viewed simultaneously. Underlining never helped in cracking CAT RC, because the test requires the student to comprehend the underlying idea, rather than the detail. Scrolling up and down the passage repeatedly also means you are looking at the detail whereas you be looking for the underlying idea instead.
In most cases, the test-taker cannot attempt each question based on each passage. So, the best way is to choose what suits you best. Select the passage for attempt that you find interesting. Your interest means you understand, or will understand easily.
Remember every RC passage has a one-line gist. A 10-line gist means you did not understand the underlying idea.
So how should you go about cracking the RC section of CBT CAT?
Construct a “Dot Diagram” of the passage
Remember the dot diagram that you find in the kids section of a paper or magazine? There could be hundreds of dots. When once you join a few dots to form a picture, the other dots become irrelevant. Your RC is like that dot diagram. The hundreds of words are like the hundreds of dots. The questions revolve around the picture and not around the words. So get the picture out of the dot diagram.
Now how do you join the dots? Our advice:
Pre-read (First reading: 1 min)
Get a feel of the passage by reading the opening lines of each paragraph (the opening paragraph in particular) as well as the concluding lines of the last paragraph. Also have a look at the question stems (not the options).
Speed read (Second reading: 3 min)
Say you have to drive a train from Delhi to Mumbai. Should you drive at the same speed throughout? What about the stations that fall along the way? You will definitely slow down and even stop at some of the stations. Do the same thing in the case of RC.
I keep forgetting as I proceed: Speed read the first paragraph. Write down its gist in one single phrase on your scratch sheet. Do the same thing in case of the other paragraphs. Now you have five ideas for (say) five paragraphs. The common link among these five ideas is your dot diagram.
Post-read (Third reading: 30 sec)
This is to make sure that the picture you made was right. Look for repetitive words and phrases in the passage. These have to be part of the picture.
The opening paragraph and the concluding paragraph are important. But remember if the test-taker is smart the test-maker is smarter. Sometimes there may be nothing much in these paragraphs. So don’t overdo it.
Linking up the answers
You will be able to view all the questions together. But the answers to various questions based on a passage should have some link. And the link is provided by (you guessed it) the picture that you formed.
Posted by R Nagesh T on July 2, 2010
As you know, Reading Comprehension (RC) is one of the critical sections of any MBA entrance examination. For students, who are not so good in mathematics, this section becomes even more important. For obvious reasons, it is preferable for such students to start with the English sections. Now, how to approach the RC test?
The basic rule is a known factor. One has to be an avid and good reader of English. The preparation must be such that a student is able to read and comprehend a sentence in one go. Repetitions or going back and forth will not help the cause.
Nevertheless, for scoring high marks in a MBA entrance examination, one needs to be smart as well.
Firstly, it is important to practice on all types of topics during preparation for entrance tests. Many students prefer to go to tutorials and benefit from a series of practice tests and mock tests conducted by them. Very often, RC tests have an option, say, to attempt 5 out of 7 or more passages. Now, the passages, which are left unattempted, are most probably the ones that were either lengthy or difficult to comprehend. It is advisable to practice these passages, later on at home. The students will be in better frame of mind during MBA entrance, if they cover them as well.
Secondly, it is important to be an intelligent reader. Answering questions would be easy, if the student focuses on what the passage is trying to convey, rather than on the specific words or jargons used. Again, one has to practice and learn to fine tune the reading speed in accordance with different topics and their complexity. It helps in faster understanding of passage and swift answering of questions.
Thirdly, it is preferable to attempt the RC section after the English Usage (EU) test. The initial few minutes of the test may create nervousness. Attempting EU, which is far easier, before RC, provides the much needed warm up. It may also help in gaining confidence before attempting RC which requires high levels of concentration, fast reading and quick comprehension.
Fourthly, one is advised to glance through the RC section. This is important:
a) to have an idea of the length of different passages and number of questions at the end. Remember, it is not necessary that a bigger passage will have more questions or a small passage will have fewer questions. To save time, it is advisable to attempt those passages first, for which passage/questions ratio is less.
b) each passage may be diverse in terms of subject-matter and flow of language. The passage may relate to social concerns, politics, philosophy, economics and business among others. Again some passages may be difficult to comprehend and some may be easier. Therefore, one needs to choose those passages first, which he or she is comfortable with.
c) time management is extremely important. Students who are not so good in mathematics may be required to devote more time for that section. It is more crucial for such students to take preparation for RC very seriously, which would enable them to complete the RC section efficiently in less time.
Finally, and more importantly, one is required to be calm and confident while attempting the RC section. It’s a combination of preparation and temperament, which holds the key for scoring high marks in a MBA entrance examination.
Posted by anupam singh on June 9, 2010
A Song For Haiti
PROLOGUE :
the day i born in you
you open the out side world to me
you let me see the in side of your goodness
when I first breath my first breath it is in you
In you i finding me the people who I am
In you I see my family and world.
walking down the fields of familys, and valliages of homes
I hear mama call me, “Lovely, Lovely”
I see your picture . A picture of happiness, peace, and lovely beauty. The day I went and met you at the river, I see me and see the beautiful water that cleaning you. Now today I see you, I don not see you in flash back no more. I see you in T.V. The bad have come and there no more life in you
WHY I HATE PINK :
A NARRATIVE POEM BY AN IMMIGRANT TEENAGED GIRL FROM HAITI.
” Let me begin with a caveat to you and all those who find these pages. Do not trust large bodies of water, and do not cross them. If you, Dear Reader, have an African hue and find yourself led toward water, with vanishing shores, seize your freedom by any means necessary. And cultivate distrust of the colour pink. Pink is taken as the colour of innocence, the colour of childhood, but as it spills across the water in the light of the dying sun, do not fall into its pretty path. There, right underneath, lies a bottomless graveyard of children, mothers and men. I shudder to imagine all the Africans rocking in the deep. Every time I have sailed the seas, I have had the sense of gliding over the unburied. Some people call the sunset a creation of extraordinary beauty, and proof of God’s existence. But what benevolent force would bewitch the human spirit by choosing pink to light the path of a slave vessel?”
— from ‘Someone Knows My Name’ by Lawrence Hill
“Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas in incarnadine,
Making the green one red.”
— William Shakespeare, Macbeth (Act 2, Scene 2)
NOTE : “Incarnadine “ – noun, crimson or pinkish-red color; variant of ‘incarnatino’ or ‘flesh color’, based on Latin ‘incarnare’ – Concise Oxford English Dictionary.
WHY I HATE THE COLOR PINK – A narrative Poem
As a child of Ten
I would, in evenings, Often,
Stand upon the Haitian Shores Atlantic
And watch the angry waves, frantic
Break upon my homeland’s sandy beaches
Then, I knew my sea to be just Green, Blue, Blue-green,
That day I sat there on a friendly familiar rock
And gazed at what promise the Western Horizon held for me,
I knew not then,
I would only be able to return when
My sea would by dry of tears
And my world would be shattered by nameless fears.
As I sat there then,
I loved it best, when
I would be drowsy with the beauty and the dance
Of a wave playfully kissing my feet, perchance;
And I would barely have time to say hello
When my mom would call & it was time-to-go.
But, I would tarry awhile,
To say goodbye to my watery bluegreen friend,
Say to him “Stay true to me, till the end”
Then, as a child’s Parting Gift, untie my ribbon Red
Gently place upon the ebbing tide, and watch, as it sped
Without changing color –its own or the sea’s –still Blue, green and Red.
Then years went by
And home and Haiti were like a hazy fog,
Now my American schooldays were like slog, slog, slog.
But still, for the shoretimes spent, I would long
To you, My Friend The Eternal Sea,
I write and dedicate this song !
Then, one fateful day in January,
I was dressing for school, in a hurry,
When Cassandra, crying to our room sped :
Bev! Our home, our home, our folks, our land !
Destroyed. Razed to the ground and people dead
Vanished ! as by a Magician’s Sleight of Hand !
What will we do?
Where is our uncle, our aunts, our Cousins??
Our lovely little house, no more??
Who to ask?
What to do?
So many questions shouting in my ear;
And Answers? None. I fear, fear, fear !
A week later,
With my dad I fly
Like a sad, angry Homing Pigeon Free,
With no letter to deliver,
Just My Dear Old Friend The Sea,
How I long to see, hear and feel Her !
I saw the damaged houses
I saw the cracked-open streets.
I saw the carrion feeding upon the dead
I saw my folks wandering, lost and naked
I saw the lives uprooted and shattered
I saw that, now, Nothing Mattered !
Why are the folks nowhere to be seen ?
“Some have been buried, some just swallowed by the Earth,
“Some were by vultures picked clean
“But most, my dad told me ;
“Could not even get so lucky,
“They were simply dumped into the Sea. !”
The Sea
The Sea !
My Old Friend, the good old
Blue-green Sea !
I longed to share my grief
With My childhood friend, the Sea.
Soon as I could,
There I was, I stood
Upon the childhood’s Shore
My Sea-friend? Nowhere to be seen !
It was Blue-green No More:
It was a gory, bloody Incarnadine !!
______________________________________________
EPILOGUE :
And do not show me flesh AGAIN !
And do not talk to me of Voyages Across THE SEAS,
And Pink, which was my favorite THEN
And Now, if I see the color : I FREEZE !
Now, I never mix my REDS with WHITE,
Watchin’ yer own, floating dead – it’s a ghastly SIGHT !
______________________________________________
THE END
Dated : June 8, 2010, Miami Dade, Florida, USA
Posted by anupam singh on May 28, 2010
The Open Window
BY SAKI (H. H. Munro) (1870-1916)
“My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel,” said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; “in the meantime you must try and put up with me.”
Framton Nuttel endeavored to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing
“I know how it will be,” his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; “you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice.”
Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction came into the nice division.
“Do you know many of the people round here?” asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.
“Hardly a soul,” said Framton. “My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here.”
He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret.
“Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?” pursued the self-possessed young lady.
“Only her name and address,” admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An undefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation.
“Her great tragedy happened just three years ago,” said the child; “that would be since your sister’s time.”
“Her tragedy?” asked Framton; somehow in this restful country spot tragedies seemed out of place.
“You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon,” said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn.
“It is quite warm for the time of the year,” said Framton; “but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?”
“Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day’s shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favorite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it.” Here the child’s voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. “Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing ‘Bertie, why do you bound?’ as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window–”
She broke off with a little shudder. It was a relief to Framton when the aunt bustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance.
“I hope Vera has been amusing you?” she said.
“She has been very interesting,” said Framton.
“I hope you don’t mind the open window,” said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; “my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They’ve been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they’ll make a fine mess over my poor carpets. So like you menfolk, isn’t it?”
She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible. He made a desperate but only partially successful effort to turn the talk on to a less ghastly topic, he was conscious that his hostess was giving him only a fragment of her attention, and her eyes were constantly straying past him to the open window and the lawn beyond. It was certainly an unfortunate coincidence that he should have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary.
“The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest, an absence of mental excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of violent physical exercise,” announced Framton, who labored under the tolerably widespread delusion that total strangers and chance acquaintances are hungry for the least detail of one’s ailments and infirmities, their cause and cure. “On the matter of diet they are not so much in agreement,” he continued.
“No?” said Mrs. Sappleton, in a voice which only replaced a yawn at the last moment. Then she suddenly brightened into alert attention–but not to what Framton was saying.
“Here they are at last!” she cried. “Just in time for tea, and don’t they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes!”
Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with a dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shock of nameless fear Framton swung round in his seat and looked in the same direction.
In the deepening twilight three figures were walking across the lawn towards the window, they all carried guns under their arms, and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they neared the house, and then a hoarse young voice chanted out of the dusk: “I said, Bertie, why do you bound?”
Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall door, the gravel drive, and the front gate were dimly noted stages in his headlong retreat. A cyclist coming along the road had to run into the hedge to avoid imminent collision.
“Here we are, my dear,” said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window, “fairly muddy, but most of it’s dry. Who was that who bolted out as we came up?”
“A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel,” said Mrs. Sappleton; “could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of goodbye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost.”
“I expect it was the spaniel,” said the niece calmly; “he told me he had a horror of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somewhere on the banks of the Ganges by a pack of pariah dogs, and had to spend the night in a newly dug grave with the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just above him. Enough to make anyone lose their nerve.”
Romance at short notice was her specialty.
Answer these questions and submit your work through the assignment.
1. What is the setting for this story?
2. Who are the central characters? What details, or lack of details, does the author provide to develop these characters?
3. From whose point of view is the story told?
4. Briefly summarize the plot.
5. What is the climax of the story?
6. How does the author create suspense in the tale?
7. What is the irony in this story?
8. As a reader, how satisfied are you with the conclusion of this story? Explain your reasoning.
Notes for homework ;-
n ‘self-possessed’ young lady of 15 !!
n Nerve cure
n Had had sufficient silent communion
n The last line is a classic
HOMEWORK ANSWERS :-
- The setting for this story is in the Drawing Room of an Upper class home of The Sappletons in the English countryside.
- The Central Characters are :-
a) Mr Framton Nuttel : The Protagonist : a (presumably) young man of nervous predisposition and a total stranger to his hosts as well as to that part of the country.
b) Mrs Sappleton’s niece : A ‘self-possessed young lady of fifteen’, and hostess-by-proxy until the entrance of her aunt.
c) Mrs Sappleton : The hostess and Lady of the Manor, whose world seems to revolve around the ‘menfolk’ of the house.
d) Others : Mr Sappleton; two brothers of Mrs Sappleton; and the dog (a little brown Spaniel).
The author provides us with only the minimum of details about the characters. Details which are
essential for painting the ‘staged setting’ and for the build-up to the climax of the story. In fact,
the total absence of detailed characterization and the sparse writing style lends a very stark
beauty to the story.
- The story is told from the point of view of a Third Person Narrator.
- PLOT SUMMARY : Mr Nuttel has come to the countryside for a ‘rest cure’ for his ‘nerves’ and is visiting The Sappletons for the first time. Mrs Sappleton’s niece –a fifteen year old ‘self possessed and precocious young lady –realizing that Mr Nuttel was a total stranger in those parts, decides to play a little practical joke on the guest. She invents a story about how, on that very day about three years ago, Mrs Sappleton’s husband, her two brothers and a dog were swallowed up in the bog when they were out hunting. She informs him that the French window is always kept open in the evening to humor Mrs Sappleton’s crazy notion that they would soon be coming back. Of course, they presently do so, and, Mr Nuttel –whose nerves are already frayed and is cursing himself for choosing the anniversary of ‘The Tragedy’ for his reluctant visit –goes completely berserk and bolts out of the house.
Only we, the readers, are the ones who are able to savor the comedy and the dramatic irony of the situation. apart from, of course, the nameless niece whose specialty it was to serve up “Romance at short notice”.
- The climax of the story is reached when the supposedly-dead hunter threesome of the house and Mr Nuttel –his nerves already cranked to breaking point by the prankster niece –takes them to be ghosts and bolts out of the house without so much as a by-your-leave!
- The author creates suspense in the tale by characterizing Mr Nuttel as a nervous man; the suggestively-open French Window; the utilization of the ‘coincidence’ of the day of the visit as being the anniversary of ‘the tragedy’; the fact that Mr Nuttel did not know the Sapletons or the countryside; and by informing the readers that he had his doubts about The Sappletons being as ‘nice’ as his sister had assured him they were.
The deepening twilight of the dusk does its share too in the playing out of the climax.
- The irony in this story is that the three men and the dog are simply coming home, tired and weary, from their afternoon’s hunting (as the reader as well as all the characters –except, of course, Mr Nuttel –are well aware) and, Mr Nuttel, convinced that they are ghosts, runs for his life.
The irony in the story is neatly summed up in Mrs Sappleton’s closing remarks that “..One would think he had seen a ghost.”
{ I thought naming the Protagonist ‘Nut-tel’, was a nice touch –a kind of subtle aside which is Mr Munro’s special ability and strong suit.}
- The only way I can convey how satisfied I was with the conclusion of the story is by saying that, when I finished reading the story, my admiration for Mr Munro was tinged with envy : for I wished I could write like that. In other words, the conclusion is perfect!
The denouement has all the elements of perfection :-
- The prodigal hunters return home.
- Mr Nuttel’s already-suspect nerves give way.
- Mrs Sappleton’s estimate of Mr Nuttel are confirmed by his strange behavior.
- The precocious niece’s practical joke succeeds admirably.
And, the icing on the cake is the niece’s explanation of Mr Nuttel’s hasty departure [“ I expect it was the Spaniel. He told me he has a horror of dogs.”]
And the ‘cherry’ on the cake is, of course, the concluding classic line of the story :
“Romance at short notice was her specialty.”
END OF HOMEWORK ANSWERS
Posted by Vim Angel on May 15, 2010
Reading comprehension is one of the easiest way to secure marks in any exam starting from school days. All you have to do is follow some simple precautions..
step1 : Do not read the content first ,instead read the questions first .this will help because as you read subconsciously the important terms of the questions get registered in your brain.which will facilitate you in two ways 
ne while you are reading the comprehension passage and enable you to look for answers as you read .two it helps reduce the time taken to finish up the answers.
step2: Don’t hurry while you read .take your time and read it as many times as you want to understand the gist of it. Start answering as you know do not stall on any unknown questions, let it sit for the end. This saves you a lot of energy to be focused on the answers you know well and write them with care.
step3: What you know express it freely, do not hesitate .
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